Coal Valley Robb Trend - Appendix 5 - References · Robb Trend Project Appendix 5 – References...

Appendix 5 References

Robb Trend Project Appendix 5 – References

April 2012 Appendix 5-1

Abacus Datagraphics Ltd.’s AbaData Oil and Gas Map Software. Accesssed March 2, 2012.

Ackerman, B. B., F. A. Leban, M. D. Samuel, and E. O. Garton. 1989. User’s manual for Program Home Range. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, Tech Rep 15, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. 79pp.

Adams B.W., Ehlert G., Stone C., Lawrence D., Alexander M., Willoughby M., Hincz C., Moisey D., Burkinshaw A., Carlson J., and France K. 2009. Rangeland Health Assessment for Grassland, Forest and Tame Pasture. Government of Alberta: Edmonton, Alberta. Publication # T/044.

Adams, L. and S. D. Davis. 1967. The internal anatomy of home range. J. Mammal. 48(4):529-536.

AENV (2011) Alberta Environment. Final Terms of Reference: Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI) Proposed Robb Trend Project.

AENV (Alberta Environment). 1990. Select methods for the monitoring of benthic invertebrates in Alberta rivers. Environmental Quality Branch, Environmental Assessment Division.

AENV (Alberta Environment). 1999. Surface Water quality guidelines for use in Alberta. Accessed at http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/5713.pdf

AENV (Alberta Environment). 2000. Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings (made under the Water Act and the Water (Ministerial) Regulation). Queen’s Printer for Alberta.

AENV (Alberta Environment). 2007. Final Terms of Reference Coal Valley Mining Expansion Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Project. Issued September-2007.

AENV. 2007. Final Terms of Reference Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for the Proposed Coal Valley Mining Expansion Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Project. 16 pp.

AEW (2009c). Particulate Matter and Ozone Assessment for Alberta: 2001 – 2007. Prepared by Air Policy Section, Environmental Assurance Division. 44 pp.

AEW (2002b). Air Quality Monitoring: Edson and Hinton Area, September 1999 to 2000, Final Report. ISBN No. 0-7785-2041-2 (On-Line Edition). Publication No. T/638.



AEW (2007). 2007. Assessment Report for Nitrogen Dioxide for Developing Ambient Air Quality Objectives. Prepared by Toxo-Logic Consulting Inc. For Alberta Environment. October 2007. Available at: http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8302.pdf 97 pp.

AEW (2008). Alberta Acid Deposition Management Framework. 22 pp.

AEW (2009a), Air quality model guideline. Prepared by A. Idriss and F. Spurrell, Climate Change, Air and Land Policy Branch. Available at: http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8151.pdf.

AEW (2009b). Annual Summary of Specified Gas Emitters: 2007-2008. http://environment.alberta.ca/documents/SGER_Summary_Report_2007-2008.pdf

AEW (2009c). Particulate Matter and Ozone Assessment for Alberta: 2001 – 2007. Prepared by Air Policy Section, Environmental Assurance Division. 44 pp.

AEW (2011a). Final Terms of Reference Environmental Impact Assessment Report For Coal Valley Resources Inc. Proposed Robb Trend Mine Project. Issued by Alberta Environment August 2011. Edmonton, AB

AEW (2011b). Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives and Guidelines. Issued in June, 15 2011.

AEW (Alberta Environment and Water). 2006. Guidelines for Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Surface Water Quality Programs in Alberta. July 2006.

AEW (Alberta Environment and Water). 2009. Air Quality Model Guide. Prepared by A. Idriss and F. Spurrell. Climate Change Air and Land Policy Branch, Alberta Environment and Water. Revised May 2009.

AEW (Alberta Environment and Water). 2010. Alberta Tier 1 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines. Air, Land and Waste Policy Branch. Environmental Assurance Division. ISBN: 978-0-7785-9947-0 December 2010.

AEW (Alberta Environment and Water). 2011. FINAL TERMS OF REFERENCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR COAL VALLEY RESOURCES INC. (CVRI) PROPOSED ROBB TREND PROJECT Located approximately 100 km Southwest from Edson, Alberta. ISSUED BY: Alberta Environment and Water. August 4, 2011.

AEW(2002a). Canada-wide Standards for PM & Ozone: status of jurisdictional implementation act ivies “Alberta”. http://www3.gov.ab.ca/env/protenf/standards/cws_participation/ publications/PmOzone-JurisdictionalUpdate_April2002.pdf

AF (2011) Alberta Finance. Alberta Economic Multipliers 2007. June 2011.



Agbeti, M.D. 1998. Water quality of two end-pit lakes in relation to fishery sustainability. Prepared for: Luscar Ltd. Prepared by: Bio-Limno Research & Consulting. 80 pp.

Agbeti, M.D. 1999. Water quality of two end-pit lakes in relation to fishery sustainability. Prepared for: Luscar Ltd. Prepared by: Bio-Limno Research & Consulting. 80 pp.

AGRA 1998. Sphinx West Wildlife Study. Submitted to: Manalta Coal Ltd. Gregg River Mine, by AGRA Earth and Environmental Limited, Calgary, AB. 90 pp.

AGRA 1998. Sphinx West Wildlife Study. Submitted to: Manalta Coal Ltd. Gregg River Mine, by AGRA Earth and Environmental Limited, Calgary, AB. 90 pp.

AGRA Earth & Environmental Ltd. 1999. Gregg River Mine West Extension wildlife assessment. Prepared for Gregg River Mine, Luscar Ltd. Appendix H, Report 22 in Luscar Ltd., Gregg River Mine West Extension application. Submitted October 29, 1999 to Alberta Energy Utilities Board, Calgary and Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton AB.

AHS (2011a) Alberta Health Services, Wayne McEachern, Site Manager, Edson Healthcare Centre. Telephone Interview, October 14.

AHS (2011b) Alberta Health Services, Fionna Murray-Galbraith, Site Manager, Hinton Healthcare Centre. Telephone Interview, October 14.

AHS (2011c) Alberta Health Services, Edith Zuidhof-Knoop, Area Supervisor, Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission. Telephone Interview, September 12.

AHUA (2010) Alberta Housing and Urban Affairs, Apartment Vacancy and Rental Cost Survey 2010, Edmonton, accessed October 25 at: http://www.housing.alberta.ca/535.cfm

AHW (2011) Alberta Health and Wellness. Interactive Health Data Application. Found at: http://www.ahw.gov.ab.ca/IHDA_Retrieval. Last accessed November 28, 2011.

AHW (Alberta Health and Wellness). 1997. Swan Hills Special Waste Treatment Centre Human Health Impact Assessment. Health Surveillance Branch, Alberta Health and Wellness. October 1997.

AHW (Alberta Health and Wellness). 2003. Fort Saskatchewan and Area Community Exposure and Health Effects Assessment Program. June 2003.

AHW (Alberta Health and Wellness). 2009a. Human Health Risk Assessment. Mercury in Fish in Central Alberta. Lac La Nonne and Lac Ste. Anne. March 2009. ISBN: 978-0-7785-7428-6



AHW (Alberta Health and Wellness). 2009b. Human Health Risk Assessment. Mercury in Fish. Pine Coulee and Twin Valley Water Management Projects, Southern Alberta. October 2009. ISBN: 978-0-7785-8242-7

AHW (Alberta Health and Wellness). 2009c. Common Questions about Methylmercury Levels in Alberta Fish. October 23, 2009.

AHW (Alberta Health and Wellness). 2011. Guidance on Human Health Risk Assessment for Environmental Impact Assessment in Alberta. Alberta Health and Wellness. Government of Alberta. August 2011.

Aiken S.G., Boles R.L., Dallwitz M.J. 1999. Cyperaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version 6. November 2000. URL: http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/cyp/index.htm Accessed: November 01, 2011.

Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. 2001. Weed Control Act – Weed Regulation. URL:http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/acts4705?OpenDocument&Click.

Alberta Conservation Information Management System (ACIMS). 2011. List of all tracked and watched elements in Alberta. Alberta Environment. Edmonton, AB. URL: http://www.tpr.alberta.ca/parks/heritageinfocentre/plants/vascularbryophytes/default.aspx

Alberta Department of Forestry, Lands and Wildlife var.. Aerial Photographs. On file Edmonton.

Alberta Employment, Immigration and Industry, 2006. Annual Alberta Labour Market Review for 2006. Available at http://employment.alberta.ca/documents/LMI/LMI-LFS_2006_lmreview.pdf

Alberta Energy and Natural Resources (AENR), 1984. A Policy for Resource Management of the Eastern Slopes, Revised 1984. ENR Number T/38, 1984

Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB), 2007, Directive 038 on Noise Control, Calgary, Alberta

Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB), Directive 038 on Noise Control, 2007, Calgary, Alberta

Alberta Environment (1999): Surface Water Quality Guidelines for Use in Alberta; Environmental Sciences Division, Edmonton, 20 pages.



Alberta Environment (AENV), 1998. “Alberta Coal Mining Wastewater Guidelines”. Prepared by Standards & Guidelines Branch, Environmental Assessment Division, March 1998.

Alberta Environment (AENV). 2003. Focus on forest health. Pub No. T/616. Alberta Environment Sustainable Resource Development. Edmonton, AB. Pp 7.

Alberta Environment (AENV). 2008. Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. Environmental Assessment (Mandatory and Exempted Activities) Regulation. Alberta Regulation 111/1993, with amendments up to and including Alberta Regulation 62/2008. Alberta Queen’s Printer. Edmonton, AB.

Alberta Environment (AENV). 2011a. Final Terms of Reference, Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Coal Valley Resources Inc (CVRI) Proposed Robb Trend Project. August 4 2011.

Alberta Environment (AENV). 2011b. A Desk-top Method for Establishing Environmental Flows in Alberta Rivers and Streams. April, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-7785-9978-4 (Print)

Alberta Environment and Water (AEW). 2012. EMS database of active license holders as of February 13, 2012.

Alberta Environment and Water, (2010) Alberta tier 1 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines. December, 2010.

Alberta Environment and Water, (2011) Final Terms of Reference. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI) Proposed Robb Trend Project. August 4, 2011.

Alberta Environment, 1993. “Evaporation and Evapotranspiration in Alberta 1986 to 1992, Addendum”. Water Resources Services, Alberta Environmental Protection, October 1993.

Alberta Environment, 2007. “Coal Valley Mine Expansion Environmental Impact Assessment, Proposed Terms of Reference.” May 2007.

Alberta Environment, 2007. Final Terms of Reference Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the Proposed Coal Valley Mining Expansion Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Project.

Alberta Environment. 2003. Recommendations to the Minister of the Environment for: The Northern East Slopes sustainable resource and environmental management strategy DRAFT. Prepared by the Regional Steering Group, March 5, 2003. 152pp



Alberta Environment. 2003. Recommendations to the Minister of the Environment for: The Northern East Slopes sustainable resource and environmental management strategy DRAFT. Prepared by the Regional Steering Group, March 5, 2003. 152pp.

Alberta Environment. (AENV). 2011. Coalspur Mines Ltd. - Vista Coal Mine Project Proposed Terms of Reference. URL: http://environment.alberta.ca/03794.html

Alberta Environment. 1999. Surface Water Quality Guidelines for Use in Alberta. Environmental Assurance Division, Science and Standards Branch. 25 pp.

Alberta Environment. 2003. Air Quality Model Guideline (Revised).

Alberta Environment. 2003a. Focus on forest health. Pub No. T/616. Alberta Environment, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 7 pp.

Alberta Environment. 2003b. Focus on wetlands. Pub No. I/934. Alberta Environment. Edmonton, AB, Canada. 10 p.

Alberta Environment. 2004. Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives.

Alberta Environmental Protection (AEP). 1994. Ecological land survey site description manual. Canada/Alberta Partnership Agreement in Forestry Publication. Edmonton, AB. Pp 166.

Alberta Environmental Protection (AEP). 1998. Sustaining Alberta’s biodiversity: an overview of Government of Alberta initiatives supporting the Canadian biodiversity strategy. Alberta Environmental Protection. Edmonton, AB. Pp 39.

Alberta Environmental Protection 1995a. Alberta Ambient Surface Water Quality Interim Guidelines and Alberta Ambient Air Quality Guidelines 1993.

Alberta Environmental Protection 1997. Northern Boreal Region Land and Forest Service, Oil Sands Mining – End Land Use Committee. Report and Recommendations. Edmonton.

Alberta Environmental Protection, (1997) Conservation and Reclamation Information Letter 97-1.

Alberta Environmental Protection, 1993-94. Alberta Natural Resources Services, Recreation User Statistics.

Alberta Environmental Protection, 1997. Conservation and Reclamation Information Letter 97-1.



Alberta Environmental Protection. 1997. Alberta amphibian monitoring manual. Alberta Environmental Protection, Natural Resources Service, Wildlife Management Division and Alberta Conservation Association. 42pp.

Alberta Environmental Protection. 1998. Sustaining Alberta's biodiversity, an overview of Government of Alberta initiatives supporting the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy. 39pp.

Alberta Environmental Protection. 1994. Ecological land survey site description manual. Canada/Alberta Partnership Agreement in Forestry Publication. Edmonton, AB, Canada. 166 pp.

Alberta Environmental Protection. 1998. Sustaining Alberta’s biodiversity: an overview of Government of Alberta initiatives supporting the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy. Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 39 pp.

Alberta Finance, 2007. Alberta Economic Multipliers (2003)

Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division (AFWD) 2010. General status of Alberta wildlife species - 2010.

Alberta Forestry Lands and Wildlife, (1990) Coal Branch Sub-regional Integrated Resource Plan. Forestry, Lands and Wildlife. Pub. No. I/294.

Alberta Forestry Lands and Wildlife, 1990. Coal Branch Sub-regional Integrated Resource Plan. Forestry, Lands and Wildlife. Pub. No. I/294.

Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife. 1990. Coal branch sub-regional integrated resource plan. Energy/Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Pub. No. I/294. 91pp

Alberta Geological Survey, (1990) Quaternary Geology, Central Alberta. Map 213, Alberta Geological Survey, Edmonton

Alberta Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan 2008-2013. 2008. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Recovery Plan No. 15. Edmonton, AB. 68 pp.

Alberta Grizzly Bear Recovery Team. 2005. Draft Alberta grizzly bear recovery plan. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Recovery Plan No. X. Edmonton, AB.

Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation. 2007. Traffic Volumes at points on the Highway. http://www. infratrans.gov.ab.ca/INFTRA_Content/docType181/production/hnp003.htm [Accessed July 16, 2007].



Alberta Intergovernmental and Aboriginal Affairs, 1997. Terms and Definitions. Edmonton Alberta Land and Forest Services. Working terminology used to describe and record occupancy at provincial campgrounds throughout the province.

Alberta Native Plant Council (ANPC). 2000a. ANPC guidelines for rare plant surveys in Alberta. Edited by Jane Lancaster. Alberta Native Plant Council. Edmonton, AB.

Alberta Native Plant Council (ANPC). 2000b. A rogue’s gallery of invasive non-native plants. URL:http://www.anpc.ab.ca/rogues.pdf.

Alberta Native Plant Council (ANPC). 2006. Plant collection guidelines for researchers, students and consultants. Alberta Native Plant Council. Edmonton, AB.

Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre (ANHIC). 2006a. Draft plant community sampling guidelines. Alberta Environment. Edmonton, AB, Canada. URL:http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/plantcomm_sampling_guidelines.asp.

Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre (ANHIC). 2006b. List of all vascular plant elements. Alberta Environment. Edmonton, AB, Canada. URL:http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/docs/element_list_vascular_plants_2006.pdf.

Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre (ANHIC). 2006c. List of all bryophyte elements. Alberta Environment. Edmonton, AB, Canada. URL:http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/docs/element_list_non-vascular_plants_2006.pdf.

Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre (ANHIC). 2006d. List of all lichen elements. Alberta Environment. Edmonton, AB, Canada. URL:http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/docs/lichen_list.pdf.

Alberta Pacific Forest Industries Ltd. (editor and compiler), 1995. Boreal Forest Ecosystem Management Edmonton Conference and Workshop January 29, 30, 31, 1995, Edmonton, Alberta. Pp. 4-5

Alberta Queen’s Printer. 2010. Weed Control Act – Weed Control Regulation. Statutes of Alberta, 2008 Chapter W-5.1. Regulations. Ammendments. Weed Control 19/2010.

Alberta Research Council (ARC). 1998. Criteria and indicators for monitoring biodiversity in Alberta’s forests. Part I: review of legislation, policies, external agreements, and programs. A progress completion report. Alberta Environmental Protection Pub. No. T/422. Edmonton, AB. Pp 121.

Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, (1960) Lexicon of Geologic Names in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and Arctic Archipelago. Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary.



Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD 2006). Alberta Timber Harvest Planning and Operating Ground Rules Framework for Renewal. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Public Lands and Forests Division, Forest Management Branch. 94pp.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD) 2007. the Alberta Wildlife Act in: Status of Alberta Species: 2005. http://www.srd.gov.ab.ca/fishwildlife/escc/currentlylisted.aspx

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD). 2005. The general status of Alberta wild species 2005, Edmonton, AB. http://www.srd.gov.ab.ca/fw/wildspecies/index.htm. [Accessed January 30, 2008].

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD). 2005. The general status of Alberta wild species 2005, Edmonton, AB.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD). 2011. General status of Alberta wild species 2010. Alberta Fish and Wildlife website.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD). 2005. Alberta Vegetation Inventory Interpretation Standards: Version 2.1.1. Resource Information Management Branch: Edmonton, AB.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD). 2005. Status of Alberta Wild Species. Government of Alberta. Edmonton, AB. URL: http://www.srd.alberta.ca/BioDiversityStewardship/SpeciesAtRisk/GeneralStatus/StatusOfAlbertaWildSpecies2005/Default.aspx. Accessed: November 01, 2011.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development and Alberta Conservation Association (ASRD and ACA). 2010. Status of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) in Alberta: Update 2010. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development Wildlife Status Report No. 37 (Update 2010). Edmonton, AB. 44pp.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development and the Alberta Conservation Association. 2000. Biodiversity/Species Observation Database. Accessible through: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fisheries & Wildlife Management Division, 2nd Flr. Great West Life Bldg., 9920-108 St., Edmonton, Alberta, T5K 2M4.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2005. Status of the barred owl (Strix varia) in Alberta. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Wildlife Status Report No. 56, Edmonton, AB. 15 pp.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2005. Wildlife guidelines for land use activities in Areas 3 and 4 of the Southwest Region, September 15, 2005. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division. 29pp.



Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2007. 2007 Alberta guide to hunting regulations. 86pp.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2010. 2010 Alberta guide to hunting regulations. 94pp.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2007. Alberta regeneration survey manual. Forest Management Branch, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 56 pp.

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2007. Timber damage tables 2007/2008. Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. URL:http://www.srd.gov.ab.ca/lands/managingpublicland/landinformation/timberdamagetables/default.aspx

Alberta Transportation, 2001. “Fish Habitat Manual: Guidelines & Procedures for Watercourse Crossings in Alberta”.

Alberta Water Resources Commission. 1993a. Alberta’s peatlands and non-settled area wetlands: a background report. Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 60 pp.

Alberta Water Resources Commission. 1993b. Wetland management in the settled area of Alberta – an interim policy. Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 14 pp.

Alberta, Government of the Province of 1980. Historical Resources Act. Queen’s Printer, Edmonton.

Alexander, S.M., P.C. Paquet, T.B. Logan, and D. Joanne Saher. 2005. Snow-tracking versus radiotelemetry for predicting wolf-environment relationships in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(4): 1216-1224.

Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation, (2007) The Alexis Nakota History and Culture Program. Document available at http://www.alexisnakotasioux.com, last accessed September 26, 2007.

Allen L. 2011. Alberta Conservation Information Management System Ecological Community Tracking List. Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation. Edmonton, AB.

Allen M.K. Nip, 1991. Changes in Hydrology and Water Quality Following Forest Harvesting and their Impact on Salmonid Fishes in the Tri-Creek Basin. Forestry Land and Wildlife, ISBN: 0-086499-617-9, Publication No. T/199.

Allen W.H. 1994. Reintroduction of endangered plants: biologists worry that mitigation may be considered an easy potion in the political and legal frameworks of conservation. Bioscience Vol. 44(2). Pp 65-68.



Allen, A.W. 1983. Habitat suitability index models: Fisher. U.S. Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS-82/10.45. 19pp.

Allen, L. 2007. Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre Preliminary Ecological Community Tracking List. Alberta Community Development, Edmonton, Alberta. Pub. No. T/527 116 pp.

Alpine Environmental Ltd. 2005. Classification of wetlands in the Mercoal East Phase 2 area: Alberta (Project No. DV-12315-PL.02). Calgary, AB. Pp 51.

Altman, B., and R. Sallabanks. 2000. Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In The Birds of North America, No. 502 (A. Poole, and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

AMA (2011a) Alberta Municipal Affairs. Alberta Municipalities Financial Information System, 2008 data. Edmonton, Alberta.

AMA (2011b) Alberta Municipal Affairs. Municipal and Regional Services Commissions Profiles, Accessed April 2011 at: http://www.municipalaffairs.gov.ab.ca/mc_municipal_profiles.cfm

AMA (2011c) Alberta Municipal Affairs. Alberta Official Population List. Accessed April 2011 at: http://municipalaffairs.gov.ab.ca/mc_official_populations.cfm

AMEC (AMEC Earth and Environment Ltd.). 2008. Air Quality Assessment Luscar Coal Valley Project.

AMEC. 2004. Analysis of Airborne Ozone and Ozone Precursor Measurements in the Oil Sands: Summer 2001 and 2002. Prepared for Cumulative Effects Management Association. Calgary, AB. 170 pp.

AMEC. 2005. Mackenzie Gas Project Effects of Noise on Wildlife Prepared for: Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited Prepared by: AMEC Americas Limited July 2005.

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2006. Climate Variations, Climate Change, and Water Resources Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, Virginia.

American Thoracic Society 1985. Guidelines as to What Constitutes an Adverse Respiratory Health Effect, with Special Reference to Epidemiologic Studies of Air Pollution.

Andersen ME, Dorman, DC, Clewell HJ III, Taylor MD, Nong A. 2010. Multi-Dose Route, Multi-Species Pharmacokinetic Models for Manganese and their Use in Risk Assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 73: 217-234.



Anderson, A. and D. Trew. 1997. Zoobenthos Surveys in the Gregg and McLeod Rivers 1985. Alberta Environmental Protection Water Sciences Branch. 82 pp.

Anderson, Kat and Gary Paul Nabhan, (1991) Gardeners in Eden. Wilderness, Fall 1991.

Anderson, Raoul (1970) Alberta Stoney (Assiniboin) Origins and Adaptations: A Case for Reappraisal. Ethnohistory 17(1/2): 49-61.

Anderson, Ross A. and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1975) Jasper National Park Archaeological Inventory. Manuscript Report Series 158, Parks Canada, Ottawa.

Andren, H. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71: 355-366.

Andres D. et al, 1987. Hydrological, Thermal, Sediment, and Channel Regimes of the Tri-Creeks Experimental Basin. Forest Research Branch, Alberta Energy and Natural Resources. Report no. SWE - 87/01.

Andruskiw, M., J.M. Fryxell, I.D. Thompson, and J.A. Baker. 2008. Habitat-mediated variation in predation risk by the American marten. Ecology 89(8):2273-2280.

Apps, C.D. 2000. Space-use, diet, demographics, and topographic associations of lynx in the southern Canadian Rocky mountains: a study. Pages 351-372 in L.R Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-30WWW. 480 pp.

Argus, G.W. and K.M. Pryer, 1990. Rare Vascular Plants in Canada Our Natural Heritage. Canada Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario.

Armstrong, E. and D. Euler. 1983. Habitat usage of two woodland buteo species in central Ontario. Can.-Field Nat. 97:200-207.

Arregoces, C.J. and L.A. Leskiw, (2007) Soil reclamation Assessment of the Coal Valley Mine (Halpenny West and East dumps, Pit 14/15 dump, Pit 41/42, Pit 20/21, Pit 24, and Pit 35/45). Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Prepared by Paragon Soil and Environmental Consulting Inc. September 2007.

Aseniwuche Winewak Nation of Canada 2007. The People: Our Ancestral History. Information available at http://www.aseniwuche.com/, last accessed November 27, 2007

Asgar-Deen, Michele, Russell Hall, Jim Craig, and Cynthia Riediger, (2003) New Biostratigraphic Data from the Lower Jurassic Fernie Formation in the Subsurface of West-Central Alberta and their Stratigraphic Implications. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40: 45-63.



ASRD (Alberta Sustainable Resource Development) 2005. Fish and Wildlife Division. Wildlife Guidelines for Land Use Activities in Areas 3 and 4 of the Southwest Region

ASRD (Alberta Sustainable Resource Development). 2005. The General Status of Alberta Wild Species 2000. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Service. Edmonton, AB. 51 pp.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. August 2007.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1998. Toxicological Profile for Sulphur Dioxide. Atlanta, GA: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. December 1998.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1999. Toxicological Profile for Methylmercury. US Department of Health and Human Services.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. August 2007.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2008. Draft Toxicological Profile for Manganese. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

Aubry, K.B., G. M. Koehler, and J.R. Squires. 2000. Ecology of Canada lynx in southern boreal forests. Pages 373-396 in L.R Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-30WWW. 480 pp.

Aune, K. and W. Kasworm. 1989. Final report – East Front Grizzly Studies. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 332 pp.

Avery, M. L. 1995. Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carilinus). In The Birds of North America, No. 220 (A. Poole, and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington , D.C.

Azadniv, M., Utell, M.J., Morrow, P.E., Gibb, F.R., Nichols, J., Roberts, N.J. Jr., Speers, D.M., Torres, A., Tsai, Y., Abraham, M.K., Voter, K.Z. and Frampton, M.W. 1998. Effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure on human host defense. Inhal Toxicol 10(6): 585-601

B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, 1990. Health, Safety and Reclamation Code for Mines in British Columbia. Prepared by Engineering and Inspection Branch, Victoria, B.C.



Baayens, D.M., and M.K Brewin. 1997. Analysis of the “No Black – Put It Back” Education Contest Surveys: Identification of effective mediums for delivering bull trout messages. Bull Trout Task Force (Alberta), c/o Trout Unlimited Canada, Calgary, AB. 21 p. + app.

Bailey, M.M. 1972. Age. Growth, reproduction, and food of the burbot Lota lota (Linnaeus), in Southwestern Lake Superior. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. Volume 101, No. 4.

Bailey, T.N., E.E. Bangs, M.F. Portner, J.C. Malloy, and R.J. McAvinchey. 1986. An apparent overexploited lynx population in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 279-290.

Balcom, Rebecca J.(1983) Yellowhead Mine and Townsite, Historical Resources Monitoring Program, Final Report, Permit 82-93. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Balcom, Rebecca J., (1982) Historical Resource Mitigation, Yellowhead Mine and Townsite, Final Report, Permit 81-156. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Ball, Bruce F., (1983) Archaeology of the Athabasca River Valley Between Jasper and Hinton, 1981: Final Report. Research Report, (ASA Permit 81-065), Copy on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Banci, V. 1989. A Fisher Management Study for British Columbia. Wildlife Bulletin No. B-63. B.C. Ministry of Environment, Wildlife Branch. Victoria B.C.

Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. Published for the National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada by University of Toronto Press. Reprinted 1977 (with corrections), Toronto, Canada.

Banks, T., D. Farr, R. Bonar, B. Beck, and J. Beck. 1999. Brown Creeper Reproductive Habitat, habitat suitability index model. Version 3. Foothills Model Forest. Hinton, Ab

Barnes, J.L. and D.A. Westworth. 1994. Methodological framework for cumulative effects assessment. In: A.J. Kennedy (ed.), Cumulative Effects Assessment in Canada: From Concept to Practice. Calgary, Alberta: Society for Professional Biologists.

Barrett, Stephen W. and Stephen F. Arno, (1982) Indian Fires as Ecological Influences in the Northern Rockies. Journal of Forestry: 647-651.

Barrett, Stephen W., (1981) Indian Fires in the Pre-Settlement Forests of Western Montana. In Proceedings of the Fire History Workshop, pp. 35-41. General Technical Report RM-81, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado.



Barrett, Stephen W., (1996) The Historic Role of Fire in Waterton Lakes National Park. Final Report, Parks Canada Contract No. KWL 30004. Parks Canada, Waterton Park, Alberta.

Barrow & Yu (2005): Climate Scenarios for Alberta, Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative, May

Barrow, E. 2009. Climate Scenarios for Saskatchewan. Prepared for the Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative (PARC), Regina. 131pp. www.parc.ca.

Barrow, E.M. and Yu. G. 2005. Climate Scenarios for Alberta. A Report Prepared for the Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative (PARC) in co-operation with Alberta Environment. University of Regina, Saskatchewan. 73 pp.

Bayrock, L.A., and T.H.F. Reimchen, (1980) Surficial Geology, Alberta Foothills and Rocky Mountains. Map produced by Alberta Environment and the Alberta Research Council, Edmonton.

Beanlands, G.E. and P.N. Duinker. 1983. An Ecological Framework for Environmental Impact Assessment. Institute for Resource and Environmental Studies. Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Beaudoin, Alwynne B., Milt Wright and Brian Ronaghan, (1996) Late Quaternary Landscape History and Archaeology in the "Ice Free Corridor". Some Research Results from Alberta. Quaternary International 32:113-126.

Beaverbones, F. 2007. Coal Valley expedition report. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Prepared by O’Chiese Camp. 5pp.

Bechard, Marc J. and Theodor R. Swem. 2002. Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:

Beckingham J.D., Archibald J.H. 1996. Field Guide to Ecosites of Northern Alberta. Special Report 5. Natural Resources Canada. Canadian Forest Service Northwest Region. Northern Forestry Center. UBC Press. Vancouver, BC.

Beckingham J.D., Corns I.G.W., Archibald J.H. 1996. Field guide to ecosites of west-central Alberta. Special Report 9. Natural Resources Canada. Canadian Forest Service Northwest Region. Northern Forestry Center: UBC Press. Vancouver, BC.

Beckingham, J.D., I.G.W. Corns, and J.H. Archibald. 1996. Field guide to ecosites of west-central Alberta. Nat. Resourc. Can., Can. For. Serv., Northwest Reg., North. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. Spec. Rep. 9.

Beckingham, J.D.; Corns, I.G.W; Archibald, J.H. 1996. Field Guide to Ecosite of West-Central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada



Beier, P. 1993. Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat areas for cougars. Conservation Biology. 7(1): 94-108.

Beier, P., and J. E. Drennan. 1997. Forest structure and prey abundance in foraging areas of northern goshawks. Ecological Applications 7:564-571.

Beier, Paul, and Joseph E. Drennan. 1997. Forest Structure and Prey Abundance in Foraging Areas of Northern Goshawks. Ecological Applications 7:564B571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0564:FSAPAI]2.0.CO;2

Beil, M. and Ulmer, W.T. 1976. Wirkung von NO2 im MAK-Bereich auf Atemmechanik und bronchiale Acetylcholinempfindlichkeit bei Normalpersonen [Effect of NO2 in workroom concentrations on respiratory mechanics and bronchial susceptibility to acetylcholine in normal persons]. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 38: 31-44.

Belant, J.L. 2007. Human-caused mortality and population trends of American marten and fisher in a U.S. National Park. Natural Areas Journal 27(2):155-160.

Benn, B. And S. Herrero. 2002. Grizzly bear mortality and human access in Banff and Yoho National Parks, 1971-98.

Bent, A. C. 1961. Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part II. Reprinted from the Smithsonian Institution U. S. National Museum Bulletin 170, 1938. Dover Publication, Inc., New York.

Bent, A. C. 1961. Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part II. Reprinted from the Smithsonian Institution U. S. National Museum Bulletin 170, 1938. Dover Publication, Inc., New York.

Bentz, J., D. Brierley, W. Hay, S. Nelson, S. Robertson and R. Wehnrhahn, 1986. Integrated Resource Inventory of Coal Branch Study Area. Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Edmonton, Alberta.

Bentz, J.A., Saxena, A., Normand, T.T., Geowest Environmental Consultants Ltd. 1995. Environmentally Significant Areas Inventory, Foothills Natural Region, Alberta. Prepared for Land Information Division Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton, Alberta.

Bereziuk, Darryl A., (2001) The Smuland Creek Site and Implications for Palaeoindian Site Prospection in the Peace Region of Northwestern Alberta. In Sovremeniye Problemiy Evraziyskovo Paleolitovedeniya (Modern Problems in the Euarasian Palaeolithic), edited by A.P. Derevianko and G.I. Medvedev, pp. 382-402. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk, Russia.



Bereziuk, Darryl, Robin Woywitka and Eric Damkjar, (2010) Green Zone Adaptive Management Program: Systematic Field Evaluation of Archaeological Resource Management Practices within Alberta's Eastern Slopes. Paper presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, April 28- May 2, 2010, Calgary, Alberta.

Bergeron, L. 2007. E-mail August 7, 2007 to B. MacCallum, Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. Re: road-use survey for Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd.

Berry, D.K. 1998. Alberta’s Arctic Grayling Management and Recovery Plan. Alberta Env. Protection. Natural Resources Service, Fisheries Management Division. 27pp.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1996. Cumulative effects and environmental assessment of the proposed Cheviot Mine Development: ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Appendix 33 Volume VIII in Cheviot Mine Project Application March 21, 1996 to the Energy Utilities Board. Cardinal River Coals Ltd., Hinton AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1996. Cumulative effects and environmental assessment of the proposed Cheviot Mine Development: ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Appendix 33 Volume VIII in Cheviot Mine Project Application March 21, 1996 to the Energy Utilities Board. Cardinal River Coals Ltd., Hinton AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1997. Wildlife resources of the CN Line Revision, Mountain Park Subdivision Mile 6.4 to Mile 10.6. Prepared for Green Plan Ltd., Edmonton. 34pp.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1999. Cheviot Mine cumulative effects assessment for elk, selected bird species and Harlequin Duck. Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd., Hinton AB. 112pp. Part E, Appendix 9, in Cheviot Mine Cumulative Effects Assessment. Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Submitted November 15, 1999 to the Cheviot Coal Project Joint Review Panel, Alberta Energy Utilities Board/Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Calgary AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1999. Environmental assessment and cumulative effects of the proposed Coal Valley Mine Extension Project: ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB. 164pp.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1999a. Environmental assessment and cumulative effects of the proposed Coal Valley Mine Extension Project: ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB. 164pp.



Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1999b. Cheviot Mine cumulative effects assessment for elk, selected bird species and Harlequin Duck. Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd., Hinton AB. 112pp. Part E, Appendix 9, in Cheviot Mine Cumulative Effects Assessment. Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Submitted November 15, 1999 to the Cheviot Coal Project Joint Review Panel, Alberta Energy Utilities Board/Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Calgary AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 2003. Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Block, Phase 1 wildlife report. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 2004. Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Block, wildlife report 2001-2003. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 2004. Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Block, wildlife report 2001-2003. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 2005. Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Block, Phase 2 wildlife assessment. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1995. Wildlife inventory of the Coal Valley Mine 1991-1992. Prepared for Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd., Edson, AB. 114 pp.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1995. Wildlife inventory of the Coal Valley Mine. Prepared for Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1995. Wildlife inventory of the Coal Valley Mine 1991-1992. Prepared for Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd., Edson, AB. 114 pp.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1997. The distribution and movement patterns of ten gray wolves in West Central Alberta: November 1994 to July 1996. Prepared for Alberta Department of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources Services, Wildlife Management Division.

Bighorn Environmental Design Ltd. 1999. Environmental Assessment and cumulative effects of the proposed Coal Valley Mine Extension project: Ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Prepared for Luscar Ltd. – Coal Valley Mine, Edson, Alberta.

Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. 2006. Ungulate aerial survey of the Cheviot Mine area December 3, 2005. Prepared for Elk Valley Coal Corporation, Hinton, AB.

Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. 2006. Ungulate aerial survey of the Cheviot Mine area December 3, 2005. Prepared for Elk Valley Coal Corporation, Hinton, AB.

Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. 2007. Luscar and Cheviot Mine wildlife inventory 2006. Prepared for Elk Valley Coal Corporation, Cardinal River Coals Operation, Hinton, AB.



Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. 2012. Robb Trend Project: Ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., by Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. Alberta.

Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. 2008. Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project: Ungulates, small mammals, avifauna, amphibians. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., by Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd. Alberta.

Bighorn Wildlife Technologies Ltd.. 2008. Mercoal West-Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project: Ungulate, small mammal, avifauna, amphibian assessment. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. 152pp plus maps.pared

Binnema, Ted (2006) “With Tears, Shrieks, and Howlings of Despair”: The Smallpox Epidemic of 1781-1782. In Alberta Formed Alberta Transformed, ed. by Michael Payne, Donald Wetherell, and Catherine Cavanaugh, pp. 111-132. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton.

Biodiversity Working Group, 1995. Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, Canada’s Response to the Convention and Biological Diversity.

BIOS 1996. Cheviot Mine Project. Specific and cumulative environmental effects analysis for mammalian carnivores. Prep. by BIOS Env. Res. and Planning Assoc. Ltd. Prep. for Cardinal River Coals Ltd. 122 pp.

Bissonette, J.A., R.J. Fredrickson, and B.J. Tucker. 1989. American marten: A case for landscape-level management. Trans. 54th N.A. Wildl and Nat. Res. Conf. 89-101.

Blackburn, J., R. McCleary and C. Johnson. 2001. Foothills Model Forest Fish and Stream Survey Locations McLeod Working Circle 1995-2001.

Blackburn, M., and C.F. Johnson 2004. Status and distribution of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the Pembina River, Alberta. Technical Report, T‐2004‐003, produced by Alberta Conservation Association, Edson, Alberta, Canada. 25 pp +App.

Blanchard, B. M. and R.R. Knight. 1995. Biological Consequences of Relocating Grizzly Bears in the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of Wildlife Management, 59(3):560-565.

Blanchard, B.M. 1987. Size and growth of the Yellowstone grizzly bear. Int. Conf. Bear Res. Manage. 7: 99-107.

Blomberg, A., Krishna, M.T., Bocchino, V., Biscione, G.L., Shute, J.K., Kelly, F.J., Frew, A.J., Holgate S.T. and Sandstrom. T. 1997. The inflammatory effects of 2 ppm NO2 on the airways of healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156: 418-424.



Blomberg, A., Krishna, M.T., Helleday, R., Söderberg, M., Ledin, M.C., Kelly, F.J., Frew, A.J., Holgate, S.T. and Sandström. T. 1999. Persistent airway inflammation but accommodated antioxidant and lung function responses after repeated daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159: 536-543.

Blondel, J., C. Ferry, and B. Frochot. 1981. Point counts with unlimited distance. Studies in Avian Biology 6:414-420.

Blondel, J., C. Ferry, and B. Frochot. 1981. Point counts with unlimited distance. Studies in Avian Biology 6:414-420.

Boag, T.D., 1987. Food Habits of Bull Char, Salvelinus confluentus, and Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, Coexisting in a Foothills Stream in Northern Alberta. University of Alberta, Department of Zoology. Edmonton, Alberta.

Boethling RS, Fenner K, Howard P, Klecka G, Madsen T, Snape JR, and Whelan MJ. 2009. Environmental persistence of organic pollutants: guidance for development and review of POP risk profiles. Integr Environ Assess Manag 5(4)pp 539-556.

Bonar, R. 2001. Pileated woodpecker habitat ecology in the Alberta Foothills. PhD dissertation, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 75pp.

Bonar, R. 2001. Pileated woodpecker habitat ecology in the Alberta Foothills. PhD dissertation, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 75pp.

Bonar, R.L., H. Lougheed, and D.W. Andison. 2003. Natural disturbance and old forest management in the Alberta foothills. The Forestry Chronicle 79(3): 455-461.

Bookhout, T.A. 1995. Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis). In Birds of North America, No. 139 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Bookhout, T.A. 1995. Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis). In Birds of North America, No. 139 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists= Union, Washington, D.C.

Boorman, J. 2003. Baseline Fisheries Resource Assessment of Waterbodies on and adjacent to the Proposed Mercoal East Mine Extension. Report of Pisces Environmental Consulting Services Ltd. to Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine, Edson, AB. 35 pp. + App.

Borden, Charles E., (1952) A Uniform Site Designation System for Canada. Anthropology in British Columbia 3: 44-48.

Botting, Gary 2005. Chief Smallboy: In Pursuit of Freedom. Fifth House Ltd. Calgary.



Boulanger, J. 2005. Demography of Foothills Model Forest grizzly bears: 1999-2003. Pages 38-58 in: Foothills Model Forest Grizzly Bear Research Project 2000 Annual Report, G. Stenhouse and R. Munro (eds.).

Boulanger, J. and G. Stenhouse. 2009. Demography of Alberta grizzly bears 199-2009. Unpublished report. 23pp.

Boulanger, J., G. Stenhouse, G. MacHutchon, M. Proctor, S. Himmer, D. Paetkau, and J. Cranston. 2005. Grizzly bear population and density estimates for the 2005 Alberta (proposed) Unit 4 Management Area inventory. 31 pp.

Bowman, J., J.C. Ray, A.J. Magoun, D.S. Johnson and F.N. Dawson. 2010. Roads, logging, and the large mammal community of an eastern Canadian boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 88:454-467.

Boxall et al. (2005) Boxall, Peter, Chan, Wing, and McMillan, Melville. “The Impact of Oil and Natural Gas Facilities on Rural Residential Property Values: A Spatial Hedonic Analysis.” Resource and Energy Economics. 27. (2005).

Boxma (2011) Re/Max Boxshaw Four Realty, Henry Boxma. Telephone Interview, September 12.

Boyd, D.K. and D.H Pletscher. 1999. Characteristics of dispersal in a colonizing wolf population in the central Rocky Mountains. Journal of Wildlife Management. 63(4): 1094-1108.

Bradley, Bruce A., (1993) Paleo-Indian Flaked Stone Technology in the North American High Plains. In Kostenski to Clovis: Upper Paleolithic-Paleo-Indian Adaptations, edited by Olga Soffer and N.D. Praslov, pp. 251-262. Plenum Press, New York.

Bradley, Bruce A., and George C. Frison, (1996) Flaked-Stone and Worked-Bone Artifacts from the Mill Iron Site. In The Mill Iron Site, pp. 43-69. Edited by George C. Frison. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Bradley, Norman A., (1991) Flaked Stone Technology in the Northern High Plains. In Prehistoric Hunters of the High Plains, edited by George C. Frison, pp. 369-397. Academic Press, San Diego.

Bradshaw J.A., Hebert D.M., Rippin A.B., and Boutin S. 1995. Winter peatland habitat selection by woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1567-74.

Brand, C.J. and Keith, L.B. 1979. Lynx demography during a snowshoe hare decline in Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management, 43 (4): 824-849.

Brand, C.J., L.B. Keith, and C.A. Fischer. 1976. Lynx responses to changing snowshoe hare densities in central Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management, 40 (3): 416-428.



Brewin, M.K. 1997. The Bull Trout Task force (Alberta): A Human Dimensions Instrument. Submitted for publication to the Wild Trout VI Conference, Bozeman, MT, August 17-20, 1997.

Brierley, J.A., B.D. Walker, C.J. Tomas and P.E. Smith, (1998) Alberta Soil Names, Generation 3 Users’ Handbook. Land Resource Unit, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.

Brierley, J.A., B.D. Walker, C.J. Tomas and P.E. Smith, 1998.Alberta Soil Names, Generation 3 Users’ Handbook. Land Resource Unit, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.

Brink, Jack W. and Robert J. Dawe, (1986) An Introduction to the Archaeology of the Grande Cache Region in the North Alberta Rocky Mountains. In Eastern Slope Prehistory: Selected Papers, edited by Brian Ronaghan, pp. 121-146. Archaeology Survey of Alberta Occasional Paper No. 30.

Brink, Jack W., (1979) Archaeological Research in Alberta Provincial Parks Eastern Slopes Region: 1979. Final Report, Permit 79-25. Report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Brinker, D. F., K. E. Duffy, D. M. Whalen, B. D. Watts, and K. M. Dodge. 1997. Autumn migration of northern saw-whet owls (Aegolius acadicus) in the middle Atlantic and northeastern United States: What observations from 1995 suggest. Biology and Conservation of Owls of the Northern Hemisphere 190:74-89.

British Columbia Environment (2009). Air Quality Objectives and Standards. Updated April 2009. http://www.bcairquality.ca/reports/pdfs/aqotable.pdf

British Columbia Forest Service. 1995. Forest Practices Code of British Columbia – Biodiversity Guidebook. BC Environment, Province of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia. URL:http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/fpc/fpcguide/biodiv/biotoc.htm.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. 1998. Ground-based inventory methods for selected ungulates: moose, elk and deer. Standards for components of British Columbia’s biodiversity No. 33. 52pp.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. 1998. Ground-based inventory methods for selected ungulates: moose, elk and deer. Standards for components of British Columbia's biodiversity No. 33. 52pp.

Brodo I.M., Sharnoff S.D., Sharnoff S. 2001. Lichens of North America: Yale University Press. Connecticut,USA. Pp 795.

Bromley, M. 1985. Wildlife management implications of petroleum exploration and development in wildland environments. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-191. Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah. 42 pp.



Brook, J.R., T.F. Dann and R.T. Burnett. 1997. The Relationship Among TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 and Inorganic Constituents of Atmospheric Particulate Matter at Multiple Canadian Locations. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 47: 2-19.

Brown, V.K., 1988. Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicology. Edward Arnold – A Division of Hodder & Stoughton: London.

Browne, C, B. Eaton, C. Pazkowski, and R. Chapman. 2003. Toads in trouble. Research Links. Vol. 11 No. 3:12.

Browne, C. R., and M. B. Bomberger-Brown. 1999. Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). In Birds of North America, No. 452 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The birds of North America, Inc., Philidelphia, PA.

Browne, C.R., and M.B. Brown. 1999. Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). In Birds of North America, No. 452 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Brumbaugh, W.J. and P.T. Luckie, 1982. Glossary of Terms as presented in the BTU Magazine by the McNally Group. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Bruton, M. N. 1985. The effects of suspensoids on fish. Hydrobiologia 125: 221-241.

Buchner, Anthony P., (1978) The Tukwakin Site (GdQp-1). Report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Buckmaster, G., M. Todd, K. Smith, R. Bonar, B. Beck. J. Beck, and R. Quinlan. 1999. Elk Winter Foraging. Habitat suitability index model. Version 5. Foothills Model Forest, Hinton, AB.

Bull, E. L., S. R. Peterson, and J. W. Thomas. 1986. Resource partitioning among woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Res. Note PNW-444. U.S. For. Serv. Portland, OR.

Bunnel, F.L. and D.E.N. Tait. 1981. Population dynamics of bears – implications. Pages 75-98 in C.W. Fowler and T.D. Smith, editors, Dynamics of large mammal populations. John Wiley &Sons Inc., New York, USA.

Bureau of Chemical Safety (BCS), Health Canada. 2004. Fish Consumption: Review and Recommendation of Current Intake Figures for Canadian Consumers. Available on-line:http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/chem-chim/mercur/merc_fish_poisson_e.html#appd

Burn D.H., Mansour R., Zhang K. and Whitfield P.H., 2011. Trends and Variability in Extreme Rainfall Evenets in British Columbia. Canadian Water Resources Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1.



Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America: Vol. 1, Conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agric. Handbook 654. U.S. Forest Service, Timber Management Research, Wash. D.C. 877 pp.

Buskirk, S.W. and L.F. Ruggiero. 1994. American marten. IN: American marten, fisher, lynx, and wolverine in the western United States. Ruggiero et al. eds., USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-254, pp. 7 –37.

Buskirk, S.W. and S.O. Powell. 1994. Habitat ecology of fisher and American marten. Pages 282-296 in S.W. Buskirk, A. Harestad, M. Raphael and R. Powell, editors. Marten, sables and fishers: Biology and conservation. Cornell University press, Ithaca, New York.

Buskirk, S.W., L.R Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, D. E. Pearson, J. R. Squires, and K.S. McKelvley. 2000. Comparative ecology of lynx in North America. Pages 397-418 in L.R Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-30WWW. 480 pp.

Cablk, M.E. and S. Spalding. 2003. Final Report: Baseline and initial monitoring assessment of Martes americana, the American marten, at Heavenly Ski Resort, lake Tahoe. Prep. For USFS LTBMU, Wildlife Division, lake Tahoe by Desert Research institute. 87 pp.

Cairns and Telfer. 1980. Habitat use by 4 sympatic ungulates in boreal mixed wood forest. JWM 44:849-857.

Cal EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines Part I: Determination of Acute Reference Exposure Levels for Airborne Toxicants. Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency. March 1999.

Cal EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 2007. Review of the California Ambient Air Quality Standard For Nitrogen Dioxide: Technical Support Document. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board and Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/no2-rs/no2tech.pdf

Calder, E. Marie., and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1977) Archaeological Investigations, Luscar Sterco Coal Valley Project, Prehistoric Sites FgQe-14, 16, and 18 (ASA Permit 76-62). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Calder, E. Marie., and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1978) Archaeological Investigations, Site FhQg-2, Highway 40 – Robb Area, ASA Permit 77-19. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cown, J. M. Cooper , G. W. Kaiser, and M. C. E. McNall. 1990. The birds of British Columbia . Vol 2: Diurnal Birds of Prey through Woodpeckers. Royal Brit. Columbia Mus., Victoria.

Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cown, J. M. Cooper , G. W. Kaiser, and M. C. E. McNall. 1990. The birds of British Columbia . Vol 2: Diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, BC.

Campbell, Tracy, Adena Dinn, and Germaine Conacher, (2009) Métis Consultation in Alberta: Reality Check. Paper prepared by Calliou Group for Métis Nation of Ontario.

Canada Department of Energy, Mines and Resources - Surveys and Mapping Branch 1961. 83F/3E & W Cadomin 1:50,000 Map Sheet. Canada Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 1999. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines. Winnipeg, MB: CCME.

Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2006. Wild species 2005: the general status of species in Canada. http://www.wildspecies.ca/wildspecies2005/index.cfm?lang=e. [Accessed January 30, 2008].

Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 1994, A Reference Guide to CEAA – Addressing Cumulative Environmental Effects. Prepared by the Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office, September 1994.

Cannings, R. J. 2005. The 105th Christmas Bird Count in Canada, December 14, 2004 to January 5, 2005. American Birds, Vol 59: 8 and 9.

Cannings, R. J. 2005. The 105th Christmas Bird Count in Canada, December 14, 2004 to January 5, 2005. American Birds, Vol 59: 8 and 9.

CANSIM. Table 385-0001. Available at http://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?LANG=E&RegTkt=&C2Sub=&C2DB=PRD&ROOTDIR=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII_FLst&SrchVer=2&ChunkSize=50&CIITables=3766

Cardinal River Coals Ltd. 1996. The Cheviot Mine Application. Cardinal River Coals Ltd.

Carrara, Paul E. , (1989) Late Quaternary Glacial and Vegetative History of the Glacier National Park Region, Montana. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 1902.



Carrington, J.W. (editor), 1971. The Northern Miner, Northern Miner Press Ltd., Toronto, Ontario.

Carter, M.R., Ed., 1993Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science. Pages 141-145. Lewis Publishers.

CASA (Clean Air Strategic Alliance). Data Warehouse. http://www.casadata.org/Reports/SelectCategory.asp Accessed Oct 2011.

Caton, E. L. 1996. Effects of fire and salvage logging on the cavity-nesting bird community in northwestern Montana. Phd Thesis. Univ. of Montana, Missoula.

Cauboue, M, W.L. Strong, L. Archambault and R.A. Sims 1996. Terminology of Ecological Land Classification in Canada. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec. Information Report LAU-X-114E.

CCE (2011) Canadian Centre for Energy. Timeline of Coal Development. Found at: http://www.centreforenergy.com/AboutEnergy/Coal/History.asp. Last accessed October 10, 2011.

CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). 2006. A protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality Guidelines. ISBN-10 1-896997-45-7 PDF.

CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). 2007. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines.

CCME, (2007) Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines: Selenium. Environmental and Human Health. Scientific Supporting Document. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg.

CCME, (2011) Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health, Summary Tables. December 2011.

CCME, 2007. Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health - Summary Tables. September 2007.

CCME, 2007b. Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines: Selenium. Environmental and Human Health. Scientific Supporting Document. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg.

CCME. 2000. Canada-Wide Standards for Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone. Endorsed June 5-6, 2000. Quebec, PQ.

CCME. 2006. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Winnipeg, Manitoba.



CCS (Canadian Cancer Society). 2010. General cancer statistics for 2010. Available at: http://www.cancer.ca/canada-wide/about%20cancer/cancer%20statistics/stats%20at%20a%20glance/general%20cancer%20stats.aspx.

CEAA (1994): A reference Guide to CEAA – Addressing Cumulative Environmental Effects; Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office, September.

CEAA, 1994. Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office, A Reference Guide for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, Addressing Cumulative Environmental Effects, September, 1994.

Centre for Biological Diversity. 2000. Petition to list the fisher (Martes pennanti) as an endangered species in its West Coast range. Sierra Nevada Forest Protection Campaign. 91 pp.

Centre, Delta, BC. 23pp.

CEPA. 1995. Arsenic and its Compounds. Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Canadian Environmental Protection Agency.

CEPA. 2001. Acetaldehyde. Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Canadian Environmental Protection Agency.

CEPA. 2001. Formaldehyde. Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Canadian Environmental Protection Agency.

Chapin, T.G., D.J. Harrison, and D.D. Katnik. 1998. Influence of landscape pattern on habitat use by American marten in an industrial forest. Conservation Biology 12:1327-1337.

Chapman, J. and G. Felhamer., eds. 1982. Wild mammals of North America: Biology, management, and economics. J. Chapman and G. Feldhamer, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md. p. 688-703.

Chapman, P.M. 1999. Selenium – a potential time bomb or just another contaminant? Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 5(6): 1123-1138.

Cheng, L. 2009. Acid deposition Excel Spreadsheet. Distributed by M. Davies on behalf of Alberta Environment.

Chernipeski, B.M. (2008) Soil Resources of the Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Areas. January, 2008. Report prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. – by CHERNIPESKI Soil Consulting Ltd.

Chernipeski, B.M., 2005. Soil Resources of the Mercoal East – Phase 2 Study Area. March 2005. Report prepared for Luscar Ltd. - Coal Valley Mine by Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 59 pages plus Appendix.



Christensen, Ole A. and L. V. Hills, (1985) Part 1: Palynologic and Paleoclimatic Interpretation of Holocene Sediments, Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta. In: Postglacial Pollen in Southwestern Alberta and Southeastern British Columbia, by Hills L. V., Christensen, O.A., Fergusson, A., Driver, J. C. and B. O. K. Reeves. Climatic Change in Canada Critical Periods in the Quaternary Climatic History of North America, edited by C. R. Harrington, pp. 345-396. National Museum of Natural Sciences Project on Climatic Change in Canada during the Past 20,000 Years. Syllogis No.55.

Christensen, Ole A., (1971) Banff Prehistory: Prehistoric Settlement and Subsistence Technology in Banff National Park. National Historic Site Service, Manuscript Report No. 67, Ottawa.

Cirrus Consultants. 2002. The CRC Private Haulroad Project, Air Quality Evaluations. Cardinal River Coals LTD, Report 846.0-R1-6-6, July 2002.

Clark, Donald W., (1981)Prehistory of the Western Subarctic. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 6, Subarctic, edited by June Helm, pp. 107-129. Washington, Smithsonian Institution.

Clayton, J.S., W.A. Ehrlich, D.B. Cann, J.H. Day and I.B. Marshall, (1977) Soils of Canada. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Publ. 1544, 2 vol. plus maps.

Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) Data Warehouse [Online]. Available from internet: <URL: http://www.casadata.org/reports/ selectreport.asp?Source=&CID=6>

Clevenger, A.P., B. Chruszcz, K. Gunson, and J. Wierzchowski. 2002. Roads and wildlife in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks-Movements, mortality and mitigation. Final Report. Report prep. for Parks Canada, Banff, AB.

Climate Scenarios for Alberta (Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative, May 2005)

CMHC 2011 RMR Prov highlights, Spring 2011. Ottawa, 2011.

Coal Valley Mine. 1999. Coal Valley Mine Extension Project. Application submitted to the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board and Alberta Environment.

Coal Valley Resources Inc (CVRI). 2012. The Robb Trend Project Application

Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI), 2008. Coal Valley Mine, Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Application submitted to the Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment.

Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI). 2010. Yellowhead Tower Pits 152 & 162: Mine Licence and EPEA Amendment Application.

Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI). 2005. Dispersion Modelling Evaluation of the Coal Preparation Plant. Prepared by Cirrus Consultants.



Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI). 2005. Dispersion Modelling Evaluation of the Coal Preparation Plant. Prepared by Cirrus Consultants.

Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI). 2007. Air Quality Assessment Luscar Coal Valley Project. Prepared by AMEC Earth & Environmental.

Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI). 2008. Coal Valley Mine, Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Application submitted to the Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment.

Coal Valley Resources Inc. 2006. Coal Valley mining extension public disclosure document. Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Project. Edson, AB, Canada. 11 pp.

Company, Springfield, Massachusetts.

Conard, H. S. 1956. How to know the mosses and liverworts. Revised Edition. WMC Brown Co. Dubuque, Iowa, USA.

Consultant Report #1 (CR#1). 2012. Air Quality Assessment In Support of the EIA for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Robb Trend Project. Prepared by MEMS (Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd.). February 2012

Consultant Report #11 (CR#11). 2012. Robb Trend Project: Surface Water Quality Report. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Prepared by: Hatfield Consultants: North Vancouver, British Columbia. February, 2012.

Consultant Report #2 (CR#2). 2012. Fisheries Assessment. Prepared by Pisces Environmental Consulting Services Ltd.

Consultant Report #3 (CR#3). 2012. Groundwater Assessment for the Robb Trend Project. Prepared by MEMS (Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd.). February 2011.

Cooke, J. G., L. L. Irwin, L. D. Bryant, R. A. Riggs, and J. W. Thomas. 1998. Relations of forest cover and condition of elk: a test of the thermal cover hypothesis in summer and winter. Wildlife Monographs No. 141. The Wildlife Society, Inc. 61pp.

Coote, D.R. and W.W. Pettapiece, (1989) Wind Erosion Risk. Agriculture Canada. Publ. 5255/B, 12 pp plus map.

COSEWIC. 2007. Canadian species at risk, 2007. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa, Canada. http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/index_e.cfm [Accessed January 30, 2008].

COSEWIC. 2011. Canadian Species at Risk. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.



Cottonwood Consultants Ltd. 1981. Coal Valley Mine 1980 wildlife monitoring program and habitat reclamation review. prepared for Luscar Ltd. by C. Wallis and C. Wershler. 48pp.

Cottonwood Consultants Ltd. 1981. Coal Valley Mine 1980 wildlife monitoring program and habitat reclamation review. prepared for Luscar Ltd. by C. Wallis and C. Wershler. 48pp.

Cottonwood Consultants Ltd. and Sweetgrass Consultants Ltd. 1978. Coal Valley 1980 wildlife monitoring program - 1978 study. prepared for Luscar Ltd. by C. Wallis and C. Wershler. 115pp.

Cottonwood Consultants Ltd. and Sweetgrass Consultants Ltd. 1978. Coal Valley 1980 wildlife monitoring program - 1978 study. prepared for Luscar Ltd. by C. Wallis and C. Wershler. 115pp.

Coues, Elliot (ed) 1897. New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest: The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry and David Thompson (Three Volumes). Ross & Haines reprint 1965. Minneapolis.

Crabtree, Donald, (1982) An Introduction to Flintworking, 2nd Edition. Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello.

Crampton, L.H., and R. M. R. Barclay. 1995. Relationships between bats and stand age and structure in aspen mixed wood forests in Alberta. Pages 211-225 in Stelfox, J. B. (editor). Relationships between stand age , stand structure and biodiversity in aspen mixed wood forests in Alberta. Jointly published by Alberta Environmental Centre (AECV95-R1), Vegreville, Alberta and Canadian Forest Service (Project No. 0001A), Edmonton, Alberta. 308pp.

Crick, H. Q. P. 2004. The impact of climate change on birds. Ibis 146:48-56.

Cristescu, B, G.B. Stenhouse, M. Symbaluk, and M.S. Boyce. 2011. Land-use planning following resource extraction – lessons learned from grizzly bears at reclaimed and active open pit mines. Volume 2: Pages 207-218 In: Fourie, A., M. Tibbet, and A. Beersing (eds.). Mine Closure 2011. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Center for Geomatics. 570 pp.

Crum H., Anderson L.E. 1981. Mosses of eastern North America. Vol 2: Columbia University Press. New York, Gilford, Surrey, USA.

Crum, H. 1984. Sphagnopsida. Sphagnaceae. North American Flora series II, 11: 1–180.

Cumming S.G. 2001. Forest type and wildfire in the Alberta boreal mixedwood: what do fires burn? Ecological Society of America. Ecological Applications. Vol 11(1). Pp 97-110.



Cumulative Effects Assessment Working Group. 1999. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. .

Cushman, S.A., M.G. Raphael, L.F. Ruggiero, A.S. Shirk, T.N. Wasserman, and E.C. O’Doherty. 2011. Limiting factors and landscape connectivity: the American marten in the Rocky Mountains. Landscape Ecology 26:1137-1149.

CVRI (2008): Application and Environmental Impact Assessment for the Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project, Report prepared for the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board, Alberta Environment and Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, February 2008.

CVRI 2008. Coal Valley Mine, Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Application submitted to the Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment.

CVRI 2008: Coal Valley Resources Inc. (CVRI) 2008: Application and Environmental Impact Assessment for the Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project, Report prepared for the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board, Alberta Environment and Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, February 2008.

CVRI, (2008) Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Project Application. March, 2008.

CVRI, 2007. Coal Valley Mine, Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Submitted to the Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment.

CVRI. 2006. Coal Valley Mining Expansion: Public Disclosure Document. 11 pp.

CVRI. 2008. Application for Mercoal West-Yellowhead Tower Mine Expansion Project.

CVRI. 2012. Application for Robb Trend Mine Project.

Cyr, T., (2006) The Dog Child Site (FbNp-24): A 5500 Year-Old Multicomponent Site on the Northern Plains. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Saskatchewan.

Daily, C. G., P. R. Ehrlich, and N. M. Haddad. 1993. Double keystone bird in a keystone species complex. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science. USA 90:592–594.

Daily, C. G., P. R. Ehrlich, and N. M. Haddad. 1993. Double keystone bird in a keystone species complex. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science. USA 90:592B594.



Damp, Jonathan E. and B.O.K. Reeves, (1981) Final Report: Obed - Marsh Thermal Coal Project Historical Resources Impact Assessment. Consultant's Report, (ASA Permit 81-052). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Dark, S.J. 1997. A landscape-scale analysis of mammalian carnivore distribution and habitat use by fisher. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.

Davies, M. and P. Fellin. 1999. The Potential for Ozone Formation in Alberta: A Discussion Paper. Prepared for Shell Canada Ltd Ozone Experts Forum, June 10-11, 1999.

Davies, R.W., and G.W. Thompson. 1976. Movements of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in the Sheep River Watershed, Alberta. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33:2395-2401.

Davis, M. and T. Crosby. 2007. To have and to hold. Perspectives: Research and Creative Activities. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois. URL: http://www.siu.edu/~perspect/07_sp/peatlands.html. Accessed October 15, 2011.

de Vor and de Groot (2009) de Vor, Friso and de Groot, Henri L.F. “The Impact of Industrial Sites on Residential Property Values: A Hedonic Pricing Analysis for the Netherlands.” Tinbergen Insititute Discussion Paper. (2009).

Delong, S.C. 1988. Natural disturbance rates and patch size distribution of forests in northern British Columbia: implications for forest management. Northwest Science 72 (special issue): 35-48.

Dempsey, Hugh (2006) 1870: A Year of Violence and Change. In Alberta Formed Alberta Transformed, ed. by Michael Payne, Donald Wetherell, and Catherine Cavanaugh, pp. 208-234. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton.

Dempsey, Hugh (2010) Maskepetoon: Leader, Warrior, Peacemaker. Heritage House Publishing Company Ltd., Victoria.

Dempsey, Hugh, (1973) A History of Rocky Mountain House. Canadian National Historic Sites Service, Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 6.

Dempsey, Hugh, (1986) Indian Tribes of Alberta. Revised, Expanded, and Updated. Glenbow Museum. Calgary.

den Otter, Andy A., (1967) A Social History of the Alberta Coal Branch. M.A. thesis, Department of History, University of Alberta.

Denniston, Glenda, (1981) Sekani. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 6, Subarctic, edited by June Helm, pp. 433-441. Washington, Smithsonian Institution.



Densmore, A.A., (1971) A Refraction Program in Northeastern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics 7 (1): 66-79.

Dentherm Resources Limited (1982a): Coalspur Project, Volume V, Environmental Impact Assessment, Section 3.4, Groundwater Hydrology; Draft document for the Coalspur Project – application not submitted. July .

Dentherm Resources Limited (1982b): Coalspur Project, Volume 3,Geotechnical, Section 6 - Hydrogeology; Draft document for the Coalspur Project – application not submitted. August

Department of Energy and Natural Resources, 1976. A Coal Development Policy for Alberta. Government of Alberta.

Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 1986. Policy for the Management of Fish Habitat. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Ottawa, Ontario.

Department of Fisheries and Oceans. 2006. Practitioners Guide to Habitat Compensation. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Ottawa, Ontario.

Devine, Heather (2006) “OEconomy Must Now Be the Order of the Day”: George Simpson and the Reorganization of the Fur Trade to 1826. In Alberta Formed Alberta Transformed, ed. by Michael Payne, Donald Wetherell, and Catherine Cavanaugh, pp. 161-180. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton.

Devlin, R.B., Horstman, D.P., Gerrity, T.R., Becker S. and Madden, M.C. 1999. Inflammatory response in humans exposed to 2.0 ppm nitrogen dioxide. Inhalation Toxicol. 11: 89-109.

Devon NEC Corporation. 2010. Application for approval of the Devon Jackfish 3 project. Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment. Prep. for Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment by Devon NEC Corporation. Calgary, AB.

Dodds, W.K. (2006) Eutrophication and trophic state in rivers and streams. Limnological Oceanography 61 (1, part 2) 671-680.

DOJC (Department of Justice Canada), (2011) First Nation(s) – Aboriginal. Information available at http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/dept-min/pub/legis/n14.html, last accessed December 8, 2011

Doll, Maurice F.V., (1982) The Boss Hill Site (Fd Pe 4) Locality 2: Pre-Archaic Manifestationsin the Parkland of Central Alberta, Canada. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Human History Occasional Paper No. 2.



Douglas, C.W. and M.A. Strickland. 1987. Fisher, Pages 510-529, in M. Novak, J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard and B. Malloch (eds.). Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.

Downes, C. M., and B. T. Collins. 2007. Canadian bird trends web site Version 2.2. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3.

Driver, J.C., L.V. Hills and B.O.K. Reeves, (1985) Part 3: Holocene Palynology of Crowsnest Lake, Alberta, with comments on Holocene Palaeoenvironments of the Southern Alberta Rockies and Surrounding Areas. In: Postglacial Pollen in Southwestern Alberta and Southeastern British Columbia, by Hills L. V., Christensen, O.A., Fergusson, A., Driver, J. C. and B. O. K. Reeves. Climatic Change in Canada Critical Periods in the Quaternary Climatic History of North America, edited C. R. Harrington, pp. 345-396. National Museum of Natural Sciences Project on Climatic Change in Canada during the Past 20,000 Years. Syllogis No.55.

Driver, Jonathan C., (1978) Holocene Man and Environments in the Crowsnest Pass, Alberta. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary.

Driver, Jonathan C., (1982) Early Prehistoric Killing of Bighorn Sheep in the Southeastern Canadian Rockies. Plains Anthropologist 27(98):265-271.

Driver, Jonathan C., (1983) DjPp-8, A Prehistoric Campsite on the Continental Divide: A Report for the 1976 Excavations (Permit 76-43). Research Report for the Alberta Historical Resources Foundation. Copy on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Driver, Jonathan C., (1998) Human Adaptation at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in Western Canada, 11,000 - 9000 BP. Quaternary International 49/50:141-150

Ducks Unlimited. 2007. Western Boreal Forest, Canada Region 5. Ducks Unlimited online, http://ducks.org/page2513.aspx [Accessed October 17, 2007].

Dudas, M.J. and S. Pawluk, 1980. Natural Abundances and Mineralogical Partitioning of Trace Elements in Selected Alberta Soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 60:763-771.

Dumanski, J., T.M. Macyk, C.F. Veauvy, and J.D. Lindsay, (1972) Soil Survey and Land Evaluation of the Hinton-Edson Area, Alberta. Alberta Soil Survey Report No. 31, Research Council of Alberta.

Dunham, J., B. Rieman, and G. Chandler. 2003. Influences of Temperature and Environmental Variables on the Distribution of Bull Trout within Streams at the Southern Margin of Its Range. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23. pp. 894-904.



Dunn, E. H. 1997. Setting priorities for conservation, research and monitoring of Canada’s landbirds. Technical Report Series No. 293, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Canada.

Dyke, A.S., A. Moore, and L. Robertson, (2003) Deglaciation of North America. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 1574.

Eberhart, K.E. and P.M. Woodard. 1987. Distribution of residual vegetation associated with large fires in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 17: 1207-12.

EC (2011b). National Inventory Report: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada 1990-2009. http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/A07097EF-8EE1-4FF0-9AFB-6C392078D1A9/NationalInventoryReportGreenhouseGasSourcesAndSinksInCanada19902009ExecutiveSummary.pdf Accessed: December 2011.

Ecological Land Surveys Ltd. 2003. Botanical, vegetation and ecological resource survey of the Mercoal East area. Ecological Land Surveys Ltd. Calgary, AB. Pp 144.

Ecological Land Surveys Ltd., 2003. Botanical, Vegetation and Ecological Resource Survey of the Mercoal East Area. 135 pages plus maps.

Effler, S.W. and W.G. Perkins. 1987. Failure of Spring Turnover in Onondaga Lake, NY. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 34: 285-291.

Elliot, Jack, (1971) Jasper National Park and Ya-Ha-Tinda Ranch Archaeological Survey. National Historic Sites Service, Manuscript Report No.44, Parks Canada, Ottawa.

Elody, B. I. 1983. Techniques for capturing, marking, monitoring, and habitat analysis for the Barred Owl in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Master’s thesis, Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.

Elody, B. I. 1983. Techniques for capturing, marking, monitoring, and habitat analysis for the Barred Owl in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Master=s thesis, Michigan Technological University, Houghton.

Ember Research Services Ltd. 2003. Aspen stands stop fires, don’t they? Chisholm/Dogrib Fire Research Initiative Quicknote 3: Foothills Model Forest. Hinton, AB. Pp 2.

End-Pit Lake Working Group 2004. Guidelines for Lake Development at Coal Mine Operations in Mountain Foothills of the Northern East Slopes, Report # ESD/LM/00-1, Alberta Environment, Environmental Service.



Energy and Utilities Board, Alberta Environment, Natural Resources Conservation Board (EUB/AE/NRCB) 2000. Cumulative effects assessment in Environmental Impact Assessment requirements under the Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. Information Letter IL-98-x

Engineering Noise Control, Theory and Practice. David A. Bies and Colin H. Hansen, 2003, Spon Press

Ens, Gerhard J. (2006) Fatal Quarrels and Fur Trade Rivalries: A Year of Living Dangerously on the North Saskathewan 1806-1807. In Alberta Formed Alberta Transformed, ed. by Michael Payne, Donald Wetherell, and Catherine Cavanaugh, pp. 133-160. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton.

Environment Canada - Climate Change Scenarios Network, 2007. Available at: http://www.ccsn.ca/I-and-A/canada/scattergrams/intro2-e.html

Environment Canada (2011b). National Inventory Report: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada 1990-2009. http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/A07097EF-8EE1-4FF0-9AFB-6C392078D1A9/NationalInventoryReportGreenhouseGasSourcesAndSinksInCanada19902009ExecutiveSummary.pdf Accessed: December 2011.

Environment Canada (EC). 2010. North American Breeding Bird Survey - Canadian Results and Analysis Website version 3.00. Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3

Environment Canada, 1993. “Gregg River Coal Mine PMP.” Prepared by R.F. Hopkinson for W-E-R AGRA Ltd., Calgary, Alberta for Gregg River Mine, Hinton.

Environment Canada, 2006a. Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) Climate Data. Calgary, Alberta.

Environment Canada, 2006b. Water Survey of Canada (WSC) Streamflow, Water Level and Sediment Concentration Data. Calgary, Alberta.

Environment Canada. (EC). 2011a. GHG Emissions Quantification Guidance: Emission Factors from Canada's GHG Inventory - Fuel Combustion. URL: http://www.ec.gc.ca/ges-ghg/default.asp?lang=En&n=AC2B7641-1. Accessed: December 2011.

Environment Canada. 1993. Guidelines for Monitoring Benthos in Freshwater Environments. Prepared for Environment Canada by EVS Consultants, January 1993.

Environment Canada. 2002. Metal mining guidance document for aquatic environmental effects monitoring. June 2002.



Environment Canada. 2005. Revised pulp and paper EEM guidance document. Environment Canada. July 2005.

Environmental Codes of Practice for Steam Electric Power Generation – Construction Phase. Report EPS 1/PG/3, Environment Canada, 1989.

ERCB. 1981 Energy Resources Conservation Board Guide G-2, How to apply for Government Approval of Coal Projects in Alberta..

Expert Committee on Soil Survey, (1987) Soil Survey Handbook, Vol. 1. Land Resource Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Tech. Bulletin 1987-9E.

Expert Committee on Soil Survey, 1982. The Canadian Soil Information System (CanSIS). Manual for Describing Soils in the Field. J.H. Day (editor), Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa.

Expert Committee on Soil Survey, 1987. Soil Survey Handbook, Vol. 1. Land Resource Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Tech. Bulletin 1987-9E.

Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review Ecological Systematics 34:487-515.

Fahrig, L. and G. Merriam. 1985. Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Ecology 66:1762-1768.

FEARO (Federal Environment Assessment Review Office). 1990. Post-Rafferty Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP) Implementation Guidelines. Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office, Hull, Quebec.

FEARO (Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office). 1994a. A Reference Guide for Canadian Environmental Assessment Act Addressing Cumulative Environmental Effects. Ottawa, ON.

Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Office (FEARO). 1994b. A Reference Guide for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act: determining whether a project is likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects. Ottawa, ON.

Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Office. 1994. A Reference Guide for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act: Determining Whether a Project is Likely to Cause Significant Adverse Environmental Effects. Ottawa, Ontario.

Federation of Alberta Naturalists. (FAN). 2007. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta: a second look. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, AB. 626pp.

Federation of Alberta Naturalists. (FAN). 2007. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta: a second look. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, AB. 626pp.



Fedje, Daryl, W., (1988a) Banff Prehistory: A Provisional Palaeocultural Sequence. Manuscript on file, Archaeological Research Services Unit, Canadian Parks Service, Western Region, Calgary.

Fedje, Daryl, W., (1988b) The Norquay and Eclipse Sites: Trans-Canada Highway Twining Mitigation in Banff National Park. Canadian Parks Service Microfiche Report Series No. 395

Fedje, Daryl, W., (1989) Archaeological Resource Description and Analysis Banff National Park. Report on file, Archaeological Research Services Unit, Canadian Parks Service, Western Region, Calgary.

Fedje, Daryl, W., (1996) Early Human Presence in Banff National Park. In Early Human Occupation in British Columbia, edited Roy L. Carlson and Luke Dalla Bona, pp.36-44. UBC Press, Vancouver.

Fedkenheuer, A.W., L.J. Knapik and D.G. Walker, 1987. Minesoil and Landscape Reclamation of the Coal Mines in Alberta's Mountains and Foothills. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council Report 87-2. 174 pp.

Felicetti, L.A., C.T. Robbins, and L.A. Shipley. 2003. Dietary protein content alters energy expenditure of the mass gain of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76(2): 256-261.

Fengxiang, X.H., Su, Y., Sridhar, B.B.M. and Monts, D.L. 2004. Distribution, transformation and bioavailability of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil. Plant and Soil 265:243-252.

Fenton, M., and J.W. Ives, (1990) Geoarchaeological Studies of the Beaver River Sandstone, Northeastern Alberta. In Archaeological Geology of North America, edited by N.P. Lasca and J. Donahue, pp. 123-135. Geological Society of America, Centennial Special Volume 4.

Ficht, J., and K. Smith. 2004. Aerial survey for moose in WMU 340. Fish and Wildlife Division. Edson, Alberta. 5pp.

Ficht, J., and K. Smith. 2004. Aerial survey for moose in WMU 340. Fish and Wildlife Division. Edson, Alberta. 5pp.

Filion, Y., 2000. Climate Change: Implications for Canadian Water Resources and Hydropower Production. Canadian Water Resources Journal. Vol. 25 No. 3, page 255-269.

Fish and Wildlife Division, Wildlife Resource Inventory Unit.

Fisher, J.T. and L. Wilkinson. 2005. The reposne of mammals to forest fire and timber harvesting in the North American boreal forest. Mammal Review 35(1):51-81



Flora of North America. 2011. URL: http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 November, 2011.

FMIS (Fisheries Management Information System). 2007. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development.

Foothills Research Institute (FRI). 2009. Ecological landscape cover classes for the Foothills Natural Sub-regions. URL: http://foothillsresearchinstitute.ca/pages/home/default.aspx. Accessed: November 02, 2011.

Forbis, Richard G., (1968) Fletcher: A Paleo-Indian Site in Alberta. American Antiquity 33(1): 1-10.

Ford, B.S., P.S. Higgins, A.F. Lewis, K.L. Copper, T.A. Watson, M.C. Gee, G.L. Ennis and R.L. Sweeting. 1995. Literature Reviews of the Life History, Habitat Requirements and Mitigation/Compensation Strategies for Thirteen Sport Fish Species in the Peak, Liard and Columbia River Drainages of British Columbia. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2321.

Forestry Corp. 1999. Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine Extension, Timber Volume Assessment. Pp 17.

FORREX, 2007. Mountain Pine Beetle and Watershed Hydrology Workshop: Preliminary Results of Research from BC, Alberta and Colorado. July 10, 2007 Workshop. Forest Research Extension Partnership.

Fortin, C., and J. Huot. 1995. Ecologie comparee du Coyote, du Lynx du Canada et du Renard roux au parc national Forillon. Rapport Final for Parcs Canada, Departement de Biologie, Universite Laval, Quebec.

Foucard T. 2001. Svenska Skorplavar. Interpublishing, Stockholm.

Fox, D. and M. Kellerhaus. 2008. Causes of summertime high ozone in Alberta Canada. Air & Waste Management Association. Paper 10.3155/2008ACE08.241.

Fraley, J.J, Shepard, B.B. 1989. Life History, Ecology, and Population Status of Migratory Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Flathead Lake and river System, Montana. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks.

Francis, Peter D., (1994) Evidence for Early Post-Glacial Hunters in Jasper National Park. Research Links 2(3):3.

Frebold, Hans, (1957) The Jurassic Fernie Group in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and Foothills. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 287.

Freeman, Andrea K.L., (2006) Radiocarbon age estimates from the SCAPE Project 2000-2005. Plains Anthropologist 51 (199): 451-486.



Freeman, Milton M. R. 1992. The Nature and Utility of Traditional Ecological Knowledge. Northern Perspectives 20 (1).

Frison, George C., and Bruce A Bradley, (1980) Folsom Tools and Technology at the Hanson Site, Wyoming. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Frison, George C., C. Vance Haynes, Jr., and Mary Lou Larson, (1996) Discussion and Conclusions. In The Mill Iron Site, pp. 205-216. Edited by George C. Frison. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Fuller, A. K., D. J. Harrison, and J. H. Vashon. 2007. Winter habitat selection by Canada lynx in Maine: prey abundance or accessibility? Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1980–1986

Fuller, T.K., W.E. Berg, G.L. Raddle, M.S. Lenarz, and G.B. Joselyn. 1992. A history and current estimate of wolf distribution and numbers in Minnesota. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20:42-55.

Gainer, Brenda (1981) The Human History of Jasper National Park, Alberta. Parks Canada Manuscript Report No. 441.

Ganeva A., Natcheva R. 2003. Check-list of the bryophytes of Bulgaria with data on their distribution. I. Hepaticae and Anthocerotae. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 24: 229-239.

Geist, V. 1981. Behaviour: Adaptive strategies in Mule Deer. Mule and Black Tailed Deer of North America. 157-223 pp.

Geist, V. 1981. Behaviour: Adaptive strategies in Mule Deer. Mule and Black Tailed Deer of North America. Pages 157-223.

Geist, V. 1999. Moose, behaviour, ecology conservation. Voyageur Press. 144pp.

Geographic Dynamics Corp, 2007. Evaluation of Reclaimed Wetland and Riparian Resources for Coal Valley Mine: EIA Report. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Geographic Dynamics Corp. Edmonton, Alberta.

Geographic Dynamics Corp. 2007. Vegetation and wetland resource assessment & rare plant survey of Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Expansions. Prepared by Geographic Dynamics Corp., Edmonton AB for Coal Valley Resources Inc., Edson AB.

Geographic Dynamics Corp. (GDC). 2007. Evaluation of Reclaimed Wetland and Riparian Resources for Coal Valley Mine: EIA Report. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., by Geographic Dynamics Corp., Edmonton, AB.



Geographic Dynamics Corp. (GDC). 2008. Vegetation and Wetland Resource Assessment & Rare Plant Survey of Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., by Geographic Dynamics Corp., Edmonton, AB.

Geographic Dynamics Corp., (2007) Vegetation and Wetland Resource Assessment & Rare Plant Survey of Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., by Geographic Dynamics Corp., Edmonton, Alberta.

Gibeau, M.L.,S.Herrero, J.L.Kansas and B.Benn.1996. Grizzly bear population and habitat status in Banff National Park: report to the Banff Bow Valley task Force. 62pp.

Gibson, C., and D. Sheets. 1997. Natal Ridge elk study, Vol. I and II. Prepared for Elkview Coal Corporation, BC.

Gibson, C., and D. Sheets. 1997. Natal Ridge elk study, Vol. I and II. Prepared for Elkview Coal Corporation, BC.

Ginsberg, GL and BF Toal 2009. Quantitative approach for incorporating methylmercury risks and omega-3 fatty acid benefits in developing species-specific fish consumption advice. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117: 267-275.

Glenbow Museum. Calgary. 1986. Indian Tribes of Alberta. Revised, Expanded, and Updated

Godbout, G. and J-P Ouelett. 2010. Fine-scale habitat selection of American marten at the southern fringe of boreal forest. Ecoscience 17(2):175-185

Goggans, R., R. D. Dixon, and L. C. Seminara. 1988. Habitat use by Three-toed and Black-backed woodpeckers. Nongame Rep. 87-3-02. Oregon Dep. Fish Wildlife.

Golder Associates. 2002. Horizon Oil Sands Project Application for Approval, Volume 5, Appendix D: Fish and Fish Habitat Baseline. Submitted to Alberta Energy and Utilities Board and Alberta Environment.

Golder. 2006. Pit Lake Modelling Phase II: Task A validation and refinement of existing RMA10 and Dyresm pit lake hydrodynamic results. Submitted to: Cumulative Environmental Management Association. Submitted by: Golder Associates Ltd. 127 pp.

Golding, D. L., 1981. Hydrological Relationships in Interior Canadian Watersheds. University of British Columbia, p 107-119.

Gong, H., Jr., Linn, W.S., Clark, K.W., Anderson, K.R., Geller, M.D. and Sioutas, C. 2005. Respiratory responses to exposures with fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide in the elderly with and without COPD. Inhalation Toxicol. 17: 123-132.



Goodman, J.E., Chandalia, J.K., Thakali, S. and Seeley, M. 2009. Meta-analysis of nitrogen dioxide exposure and airway hyper-responsiveness in asthmatics. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 39(9):719-742

Gordon, S., J. Bentz, D. O’Leary, and D. Clish. 1997. Common ecological land classification and associated attribute database for the Yellowhead ecosystem. Prepared by GEOWEST Environmental Consultants Ltd. for the Foothills Model Forest. Edmonton, AB, Canada. 49 pp.

Gorham, Leslie R., and Beth I. Hrychuk, (1997) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Alberta Natural Gas Company Ltd., Central Foothills Gathering System Project, Final Report, Permit 97-091. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Gould J. 2006. Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre tracking and watch lists-vascular plants, mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Alberta Community Development, Parks and Protected Areas Division. Edmonton, AB.

Gould, J. 2000. Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre preliminary lichen tracking list. Alberta Community Development, Parks and Protected Areas Division, Edmonton, Alberta.

Government of Alberta 2006. The Government of Alberta’s First Nations Consultation Guidelines on Land Management and Resource Development. Document available at http://www.aand.gov.ab.ca/AANDFlash/Files/Albertas_Consultation_Guidelines.pdf, last accessed September 26, 2007.

Government of Alberta (2006) The Government of Alberta’s First Nations Consultation Guidelines on Land Management and Resource Development. Document available at http://www.aand.gov.ab.ca/AANDFlash/Files/Albertas_Consultation_Guidelines.pdf, last accessed September 26, 2007.

Government of Alberta 2011. Environmental Assessment Program – Guide to preparing environmental impact assessment reports in Alberta, February 2011. 26 pp.

Government of Alberta. 1992. Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000, Chapter E-12. Alberta Queen’s Printer, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 161 pp.

Government of Alberta. 1996. Alberta Water Act. Alberta Queen’s Printer, Edmonton, AB, Canada. URL:http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/Documents/acts/W03.CFM.

Government of Alberta. 2003. Water for Life: Alberta’s Strategy for Sustainability. Government of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. URL:http://www.waterforlife.gov.ab.ca/index.html.



Government of Alberta. 2011. 2011 Alberta Guide to Sportfishing Regulations.

Government of British Columbia. 2003. Part E: Ambient freshwater and effluent sampling. In: British Columbia Field Sampling Manual. BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia.

Government of British Columbia. 2006. Mountain Pine Beetle Action Plan 2006-2011. URL: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/actionplan/2006/Beetle_Action_Plan.pdf.

Government of Canada. 1991. The Federal policy on wetland conservation. Environment Canada, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 15 pp.

Government of Canada. 1992. Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 1992, C. 37. Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Ottawa, Ontario. 32 pp.

Government of Canada. 1995. Arsenic and its Compounds. Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Canadian Environmental Protection Agency.

GovernmentofAlberta.http://www.srd.alberta.ca/FishWildlife/WildlifeManagement/BearManagement/GrizzlyBears/GrizzlyBearMortalityRates.aspx

Graham, JD. 1993. The legacy of one in a million. Risk in Perspective 1(1). Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. March 1993.

Graham, K., J. Duval, and G. Stenhouse. 2005. Quantitative assessment of grizzly bear road crossings in west-central Alberta. Pages 21-31 in Stenhouse, G. and Graham, K. editors. Foothills Model Forest Grizzly Bear Research Program 1999-2003 Final Report. 289 pp.

Grande Cache Coal (GCCoal). 2004. EPEA Application for Amendment of Approvals No. 12 Mine South B2 Extension Pit.

Great Plains Research Consultants (1985) Jasper National Park: A Social and Economic History. Parks Canada, Ottawa.

Gregory, G.S., J.A. Servizi, and D.W. Martens. 1993. Comment: Utility of Stress Index for Predicting Suspended Sediment Effects. N. Am. J. Fish. Man. 13:868-873.

Grinnell, George Byrd, (1892) Blackfoot Lodge Tales. The Story of a Prairie People. C. Scribners & Sons. New York.

Grout, A.J. 1928-40. Moss flora of North America. 3 vols. Self-published, New Fane, VT.



Gryba, Eugene M., (1982) The 1982 Archaeological Survey of Alberta Highways and Recreation Area Developments. Final Report, Permit 82-072. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Gryba, Eugene M., (1983) Sibbald Creek: 11,000 Years of Human Use of the Alberta Foothills. Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Occasional Paper No. 22.

Gryba, Eugene M., (1998) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Northwestern Utilities Limited, Jasper Loop Pipeline Project, Final Report, Permit 98-087. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Gunson. 1983. In Johnston, S.M., L.M. Ciarniello and D. A. Westworth. 1996. Status report of carnivores in the Yellowhead Region. Prep. for Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division, by Westworth, Brusnyk and Associates Ltd. 148 pp.

Gunther, K.A., M.J. Biel., and H.L. Robison. 1998. Factors influencing the frequency of road-killed wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 32-42 in G.L. Evink, D. Ziegler, and J. Berry, eds. Proceedings of the International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation. FL-ER-69-98, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida. 263 pp.

Hackbarth Environmental Consulting Ltd. (1999): Nitrate in Surface Runoff from Coal Mines in the Coal Branch – A Review of Existing Information; Report prepared for Luscar Ltd.

Hackbarth, D. (1981): The Effects of Surface Mining of Coal on Water Chemistry near Grande Cache, Alberta; Alberta Research Council Bulletin 40, 64 pages.

Hackbarth, D. 1999. Nitrate in Surface Runoff from Coal Mines in the Coal Branch: A Review of Existing Information.

Haida Nation v. British Columbia (Minister of Forests) 2004. 3 S.C.R. 511, 2004 SCC 73

Hall, Russell L., Debra R. Kendall, David G. Taylor, and James Craig, (2000) A New Ammonite and Coccolith Fauna from the Lowermost Fernie Formation (Hettangian) in Northwestern Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37: 1373-1376.

Hallett, Douglas J. and Robert C. Walker, (2000) Paleoecology and its Application to Fire and Vegetation Management in Kootenay National Park, British Columbia. Journal of Paleolimnology 24:401-414.

Halsey L.A., Vitt D.H, Beilman D., Crow S., Mehelcic S., Wells R. 2004. Alberta wetland inventory classification system version 2.0. Pub. No. T/031.

Halsey L.A., Vitt D.H. 1996. Alberta Wetland Inventory Standards 2.0. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Edmonton, AB.



Halsey, L.A., D.H. Vitt, D. Beilman, S. Crow, S. Mehelcic, and R. Wells. 2003. Alberta Wetland Inventory Standards 2.0. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Hamer, D. and S. Herrero. 1983. Ecological studies of the grizzly bear in Banff National Park. Final report. Parks Canada Contract WR 4-80, Western Regional Office, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Harestad, A. S. and D. G. Keisker. 1989. Nest tree use by primary cavity-nesting birds in south central British Columbia. Can. J. Zool. 67:1067-1073.

Hargis, C.D. and D.R. McCullough. 1984. Winter diet and habitat selection of marten in Yosemite National park. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:40-46.

Hargis, C.D., J.A. Bissonette and D.L. Turner. 1999. The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American martens. Journal of Applied Ecology 36:157-172.

Hart, Hazel (1980) History of Hinton. Friesen & Sons Ltd., Edmonton.

Hatfield (Hatfield Consultant’s Partnership). 2008. Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project Surface Water Quality Report. February 2008.

Hatfield (Hatfield Consultants). 2008. Surface Water Quality EIA: Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Project.

Hatfield (Hatfield Consultants). 2011. An Evaluation of water quality in existing end-pit lakes in the Coal Valley Mine Area. 46pp + Appendices.

Hatfield Consultants. 2008. Coal Valley Mine: An Evaluation of Existing End-Pit Lakes. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Prepared by Hatfield Consultants. 42 pp. + App.

Hatfield Consultants. 2012. Robb Trend Coal Mine Project: Surface Water Quality Report. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Incorporated.

Hatfield, 2008. Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project, Environmental Impact Assessment: Surface Water Quality.

Hatler, D. F., and C. L. Mahon. 1994. Standardized methodologies for the inventory of biodiversity in British Columbia: techniques for medium-sized territorial carnivores. Resource Inventory Committee, Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Victoria, BC. 58pp.

Hatler, D. F., and C. L. Mahon. 1994. Standardized methodologies for the inventory of biodiversity in British Columbia: techniques for medium-sized territorial carnivores. Resource Inventory Committee, Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Victoria, BC. 58pp



Hayes G., Holl K.D. 2003. Cattle Grazing Impacts on Annual Forbs and Vegetation Composition of Mesic Grasslands in California: Conservation Biology. Vol 17(6). Pp 1694-1702.

Hayward, G. D., and P. H. Hayward. 1993. Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus). In the birds of North America. No. 63 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds) Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C., The American Ornithologists Union.

Hayward, G.D., and P.H. Hayward. 1993. Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus). In the birds of North America. No. 63 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds) Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists Union.

HCF (2010) Heritage Community Foundation. Rockies, Coal Branch and Nordegg. Found at: http://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101215220301/http://www.albertasource.ca/abitalian/background/rockies_cb_overview.html. Last accessed Oct. 28, 2011.

Head, Thomas H., (1987) Archaeological Resource Assessments Jasper National Park. Report on file, Archaeological Research Services Unit, Parks Canada, Western Region, Calgary.

Head, Thomas H., (1989) Final Report: Historical Resources Impact Assessment 1988 Transportation and Parks Developments Northern Alberta: Final Report. Consultant's Report, (ASA Permit 88-027), Bison Historical Services Ltd. for Alberta Transportation and Utilities and Alberta Recreation and Parks, Copy on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Head, Thomas H., (1990) Final Report: Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Berland/Pembina Resource Roads. Consultant's Report, (ASA Permit 89-069). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Head, Thomas H., (1998a) Final Report: Historical Resources Impact Assessment Alberta Natural Gas Company Ltd. Central Foothills Gathering System Project and NPS 8 & 10 Minehead Gas Gathering System NE. Consultant's Report, (ASA Permit 97-134). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Head, Thomas H., (1998b) Final Report: Historical Resources Impact Assessment Imperial Oil Resources Voyager Gas Gathering Pipeline. Consultant's Report, (ASA Permit 98-050). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Health Canada. 1987. Manganese. Technical document. Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/alt_formats/hecs-sesc/pdf/pubs/water-eau/manganese/manganese-eng.pdf.



Health Canada. 1994. Human Health Risk Assessment for Priority Substances. Canadian Communication Group Publishing. Ottawa, ON.

Health Canada. 2006. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document. Arsenic. Prepared by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Health and the Environment. Health Canada: Ottawa. May 2006

Health Canada. 2007. Human Health Risk Assessment of Mercury in Fish and Health Benefits of Fish Consumption. Bureau of Chemical Safety. Food Directorate. Health Products and Food Branch. March 2007.

Health Canada. 2009a. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada, Part I: Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQRA), Version 2.0. Contaminated Sites Division, Safe Environments Programme, Ottawa, ON. May 2009.

Health Canada. 2009b. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada, Part II: Health Canada Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs) and Chemical-Specific Factors, Version 2.0. Contaminated Sites Division, Safe Environments Programme, Ottawa, ON. May 2009.

Health Canada. 2011. Dietary Intakes of Contaminants & Other Chemicals for Different Age-Sex Groups of Canadians. Average dietary intakes (µg/kg bw/day) of trace elements for Canadians in different age/sex groups for Total Diet Study in 2007. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/surveill/total-diet/intake-apport/index-eng.php

Healy, Susan and William A. Calder. 2006. Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:

Hearn, B.J., D.J. Harrison, A.K. Fuller, C.G. Lundrigan, and W.J., Curran. 2010. Paradigm shifts in habitat ecology of threatened Newfoundland marten. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(4):719-728.

Hegmann G., Cocklin C., Creasey R., Dupis S., Kennedy A., Kingsley L., Ross W., Spaling H., and Stalker D. 1999. Cumulative effects assessment practitioner’s guide. Prepared by: AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. And the CEA Working Group for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency: Hull, Quebec.

Hegmann, G. L. et al. 1995. Cumulative Effects and the Energy Resources Conservation Board Review Process. Prepared by the MacLeod Institute for Environmental Analysis for the Energy Resources Conservation Board, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta



Hegmann, G., C. Cocklin, R. Creasey, S. Dupuis, A. Kennedy, L. Kingsley, W. Ross, H. Spaling, and D. Stalker. 1999. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Prepared by AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. and the CEA Working Group for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Hull, Quebec.

Hegmann, G., C. Cocklin, R. Creasy, S. Dupuis, A. Kennedy, L. Kingsley, W. Ross, H. Spaling and D. Stalker. 1999. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Prepared by Axys Environmental Consulting Ltd. and the CEA Working Group for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Hull, Quebec. URL:http://www.acee.gc.ca/015/001/010/2_e.htm.

Heinemeyer, K.S. and J.L. Jones. 1994. Fisher biology and management: a literature review and adaptive management strategy. USDA Forest Service Northern Region, Missoula, MT. 108 pp.

Heinen, K. and G. Merriam. 1990. The elements of connectivity where corridor quality is variable. Landscape Ecology 4: 157-170.

Heitkemper D.T., Vela N.P., Stewart K.R. and Westphal C.S. 2000. Determination of total and speciated arsenic in rice by ion chromatography and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 16, pp. 299-306.

Heitzmann, R. J. (1984) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Westcoast Petroleum Company Limited, Crystal Field Water Supply Pipeline and Water Intake Site. Permit Report 84-045 on file, Archaeological Survey, Historic Resources Management Branch, Edmonton.

Heitzmann, R. J., (1985) The Tam-No-Amna Site (FfPq-4), A Late Prehistoric Site in the Boreal-Cordilleran Transition Zone of Alberta. Final Report, Permit 84-48. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Helgesen H. and Larsen E.H. 1998. Bioavailability and speciation of arsenic in carrots grown in contaminated soil. Analyst, May 1998, Vol 123. pp. 791-796.

Helsel, D.R. 2005. Nondetects and Data Analysis – Statistics for Censored Environmental Data. Wiley-Interscience, Denver, CO. 2005. pp.77-78.

Hennessy, R.J., Gregory, J.M. and J.F.B. Mitchell, 1997. Changes in Daily Precipitation Under Enhanced Greenhouse Conditions. Climate Dynamics, 13:667-680.

Herrero, S. 2005. Chapter 8 - Nutritional and hormonal status of some Eastern Slopes Grizzly Bear Project bears and possible links to low reproductive output. Pages 134-135 in S. Herrero, editor. Biology, demography, ecology and management of grizzly bears in and around Banff National Park and Kananaskis Country: The final report of the Eastern Slopes Grizzly Bear Project. Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.



Hey, R.D., Bathurst, J.C., Thorne, C.R eds. 1982. Gravel-Bed Rivers: Fluvial Processes, Engineering and Management. John Wiley and Sons, 875 pages [ISBN 0-471-10139-7]

HH (2007) Hinton History. Robb Mine. Found at: www.hintonhistory.com/mines/robb.htm Last accessed Oct. 28, 2011.

Hickman, Michael and Charles E. Schweger, (1991) A Palaeoenvironmental Study of Fairfax Lake, a small lake situated in the Rocky Mountain Foothills of west-central Alberta. Journal of Paleolimnology 6:1-15.

Hildebrandt, D. 1988. An overview of the fisheries Resource in the upper McLeod River drainage. Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Division. 61 pp.

Hilderbrand, G.V., C.C. Schwartz, C.T. Robbins, M.E. Jacoby, T.A. Hanley, and C. Servheen. 1999. The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:132-138.

Hill M.O., Bell N., Bruggeman-Nannenga M.A., Brugues M., Cano M.J, J Enroth, Flatberg K.L., Frahm J.P., Gallego M.T., Garilleti R., Guerra J., Hedenas L., Holyoak D.T., Hyvo Nen J., Ignatov M.F., Lara F., Mazimpaka V., Munoz J., Soderstrom L. 2006. An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia. Journal of Bryology. Vol 28. Pp 198-267.

Hill, M. O. et al. 2006. An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia. Journal of Bryology, 28: 198-267.

Himour, Brad, (1999) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Chevron Canada Resources, Gregg Lake Pipeline Project, Final Report, Permit 99-066. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Hingtgen, T. M., and W. R. Clark. 1984. Small mammal recolonization of reclaimed coal surface-mined land in Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:1255-1261.

Hinton Wood Products (HWP). 2010. Forest Management Plan Mountain Pine Beetle Amendment.

Hinton Wood Products, 2006. 2006 Recreation Survey. An Examination of the Results from Hinton Wood Products’ Recreation Survey conducted in 2006.

Hinton Wood Products. 2007. FMA Access Map. 1:250,000 map updated February 10, 2007 by Hinton Wood products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd.

Hinton Wood Products. 2007. Hinton Wood Products Woodlands Development Plan Submission including Mountain Pine Beetle Strategy 2007-2011. URL:http://www.weldwood.com/hinfr01/internet/corporate/publications.



Hobbs R.J., Huenneke L.F. 1992. Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation. Conservation Biology. Vol 6. Pp 324-337.

Hobson, D., and Ficht, J. 2002. Aerial survey on elk winter ranges in the mountain areas of the Southwest Region - SW3 Foothills Area, February - March 2002. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, Edson, AB.

Hobson, D., and Ficht, J. 2002. Aerial survey on elk winter ranges in the mountain areas of the Southwest Region - SW3 Foothills Area, February - March 2002. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, Edson, AB.

Hobson, D., Smith, K., and Webb, S., Edited by Ranger, M., and Webb, S. 2009/2010. Delegated Aerial Ungulate Surveys 2009/2010 Survey Season, Section 6.5 Wildlife Management Unit 340 Moose. Alberta Conservation Association, Sherwood Park, Alberta.

Hodges, K.E. 2000. The ecology of snowshoe hares in northern boreal forests. In, Ruggiero, L.F., K. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey and R.R. Squires (eds.). Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-30WWW. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Hodgson, E., R.B. Mailman and J.E. Chambers (eds). 1988. Dictionary of Toxicology. The McMillan Press, London.

Hoffman, N. 1997. Distribution of Picoides woodpeckers in relation to habitat disturbance within the Yellowstone area. Master's Thesis. Montana State Univ.

Holroyd, G. L. and K. J. Van Tighem. 1983. Ecological (Biophysical) land classification of Banff and Jasper National Parks. Vol. III: The Wildlife Inventory. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton, AB. 691pp.

Holroyd, G. L. and K. J. Van Tighem. 1983. Ecological (Biophysical) land classification of Banff and Jasper National Parks. Vol. III: The Wildlife Inventory. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton, AB. 691pp.

Holt, D. W., and J. M. Hillis. 1987. Current status and habitat associations of forest owls in western Montana. Pages 281-288 in Biology and conservation of northern forest owls (Nero, R., R.J. Clark, R.J. Knapton, and R.H. Hamre, eds.) USDA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-142, Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exper. Stat., Ft. Collins CO.

Holt, D. W., and J. M. Hillis. 1987. Current status and habitat associations of forest owls in western Montana. Pages 281-288 in Biology and conservation of northern forest owls (Nero, R., R.J. Clark, R.J. Knapton, and R.H. Hamre, eds.) USDA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-142, Rocky Mtn. For.and Range Exper. Stat., Ft. Collins CO.



Honda-McNeil, Jaime and Denise Parsons (editors), (2003) Best Practices Handbook for Traditional Use Studies. Government of Alberta, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development, Edmonton.

Hong W.S. 1994. Tritomaria in Western North America. The Bryologist. Vol 97(2). Pp 166-170.

Howald A.M. 1996. Translocation as a mitigation strategy: lessons from California. In: Falk D.A., Millar G.L., Olwell M. Eds. Restoring Diversity: Strategies for Reintroduction of Endangered Plants. Island Press. Washington, D.C.

HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank). 2010. Database on-line search for Sulfur dioxide. Available at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~ME7p1C:1.

http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/053

http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/084doi:10.2173/bna.84

http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/198doi:10.2173/bna.198




http://srd.alberta.ca/FishWildlife/SpeciesAtRisk/GeneralStatusOfAlbertaWildSpecies/GeneralStatusOfAlbertaWildSpecies2010/SearchForWildSpecies.aspx

http://www.srd.gov.ab.ca/fw/wildspecies/index.htm. [Accessed January 30, 2008].

http://www.weldwood.com/hinfr01/internet/hinnet.nsf.

Hubert, W.A., R.S. Helzner, L.A. Lee, and P.C. Nelson. 1985. Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Arctic Grayling Riverine Populations. US Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(10.110). 34pp

Hudecek-Cuffe, Caroline, (2000) Final Report Department of Anthropology University of Alberta Archaeological Field School Jasper National Park. July 13-August 19,1998. Report on File, Parks Canada, Western Region, Calgary.

Hunt, Jennifer, (1981a) Historical Resource Impact Assessment, Hanlan-Medicine Lodge Segment, Gulf Foothills Gas Gathering System, Final Report, Permit 81-42. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Hunt, Jennifer, (1981b) Historical Resource Impact Assessment, Gulf Foothills Gas Gathering System, Shaw-Mountain Park Segment, Final Report, Permit 81-119. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Hunt, Jennifer, (1982) Heritage Resource Impact Mitigation of Six Sites Near Robb, Alberta, Permit 81-147. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Husted, Wilfred M., and Robert Edgar, (2002) The Archaeology of Mummy Cave, Wyoming: An Introduction to Shoshonean Prehistory. Midwest Archaeological Center Special Report No.4 and Southeast Archaeological Center Technical Report Series No. 9.

Hutchinson, G.E. 1938. On the relationship between the oxygen deficit and the productivity and topology of lakes. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 36: 336-355.

Hydrocon Engineering (Continental) Ltd. (Hydrocon). 1983. Coalspur Mine – Hydrology Review and Update. Prepared for Dentherm Resources Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta.

Hydrocon Engineering (Continental) Ltd., 1982. “Coal Valley Hydrologic Design Criteria.” Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta.

Hydrocon Engineering (Continental) Ltd., 1985. Marmot Creek Experimental Watershed Study. Water Survey of Canada, Calgary, Alberta. File No: 216-26.3

Hydroconsult EN3 Services Ltd. (Hydroconsult), 1999a. “Coal Valley Mine Extension EIA – Surface Hydrology, Quantity of Flow, Sediment Concentrations.” Prepared for Luscar Ltd.

Hydroconsult EN3 Services Ltd. (Hydroconsult), 1999b. “Cheviot Coal Mine Project, Cumulative Effect Assessment, Surface Water Quantity and Sediment” Prepared for Cardinal River Coals Ltd.

Hyvonen, J. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Pogonatum. Acta Botanica Fennica, 138:1-87.

INAC 2007. Information available at the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs website at http://sdiprod2.inac.gc.ca/fnprofiles/, last accessed September 26, 2007.

INAC, (2002) Words First: An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. Communication Branch, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Document available at http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/webarchives/20071114213423/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/pub/wf/index_e.html, last accessed December 8, 2011.

INAC, (2011) Information available at the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs website at http://sdiprod2.inac.gc.ca/fnprofiles/, last accessed November 15, 2011.

Industrial Noise Control and Acoustics. Randall F. Barron, 2003, Marcel Dekker Inc.



International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1993, Standard 9613-1, Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors – Part 1: Calculation of absorption of sound by the atmosphere, Geneva Switzerland.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1996, Standard 9613-2, Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors – Part 2: General method of calculation, Geneva Switzerland.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Standard 1996-1, Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise – Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures, 2003, Geneva Switzerland.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Standard 9613-1, Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors – Part 1: Calculation of absorption of sound by the atmosphere, 1993, Geneva Switzerland

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Standard 9613-2, Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors – Part 2: General method of calculation, 1996,Geneva Switzerland.

Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc. (Intrinsik) 2012. Human Health Risk Assessment – For Coal Valley Rob Trend Project. (CR#5).

IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2001. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Washington DC. National Academy Press. P. 10-1 to 10-22.

Iowa State University (ISU). 2009. Botrychium spathulatum. Iowa State University Herbarium. URL: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~herbarium/botrychium/B-spathulatum.pdf. Accessed: November, 2011.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2006. Emission Factor Database. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/find_ef_main.php. Accessed March 2010.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C.A. (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, N.Y., USA, 881 pp.. See: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.htm/.

IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2007. Special report on the regional impacts of climate change and assessment of vulnerability. http://www.grida.no/climate/ ipcc/regional/index/htm [Accessed October 17, 2007].



IPCC. .2007a, Climate Models and Their Evaluation (Chapter 8 of IPCC AR4 - Climate Change 2007) (Randall, D.A., Wood, R.A., Bony S., Colman R., Fichefet T., Fyfe J., Kattsov, V., Pitman A., Shukla J., Srinivasan J., Stoffer R.J., Sumi A., and Taylor K.E. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, N.Y., USA, 881 pp. See: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf/.

IPCC. 2007b. Regional Climate Projections (Chapter 11 of IPCC AR4 - Climate Change 2007) (Christensen, J.H., Hewitson, B., Busuioc A., Chen A., Gao X., Held I., Jones R., Kolli R.K., Kwon W.-T., Laprise R., Magaňa Rueda V., Mearns L., Menéndez C.G., Räisänen J., Rinke A., Sarr A., and Whetton P. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, N.Y., USA, 881 pp. See: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter11.pdf/

IPCS (2001) Arsenic and arsenic compounds. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 224).

Ireland R.R. 2003. Herzogiella: Bryophyte Flora of North America, Provisional Publication. Buffalo Museum of Science. Buffalo, NY. URL: http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/bfna/v2/HypnHerzogiella.htm. Accessed: November, 2011.

Ives, John W., (1990) A Theory of Northern Athabascan Prehistory. Westview Press, Boulder.

Jackson, Jerome A. and Henri R. Ouellet. 2002. Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:

Jackson, Lionel E. Jr., 1989. Physical and Geochemical Observation on Land Reclamation of Open-Pit Mines, Alberta and British Columbia. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada. Paper 88-12.

Jackson, Lionel E., (1989): Physical and geochemical observations on land reclamation of open-pit mines, Alberta and British Columbia; Geological Survey of Canada Paper 88-12, pp 39-56.

Jacob, D. J. and D. A. Winner, D.A. 2009. Effect of climate change on air quality. Atmospheric Environment 43:51–63.

Janssens, J.A. 1983. Journal Hattori Botanical Laboratory 54: 251-298.

Jenness, Diamond, (1932) The Indians of Canada. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 65, Anthropological Series No. 15.

Jenness, Diamond, (1937) The Sekani Indians of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 84, Anthropological Series No. 20.



Jenness, Diamond, (1967) The Indians of Canada (6th Edition). (First edition 1932) National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 65, Anthropological Series No. 15.

Jensen, W.F., T.K. Fuller, and W.L. Robinson. 1986. Wolf (Canis lupus) distribution on the Ontario-Michigan border near Sault St. Marie. Canadian Field-Naturalist 100:363-366.

Jerzykiewicz, T. and J.R. McLean, (1980) Lithostratigraphical and Sedimentological Framework of Coal-Bearing Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary Strata, Coal Valley Area, Central Alberta Foothills. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Paper 79-12.

Johnsgard, P. A. 1988. North American owls. Smithsonian Inst. Press. Washington, D.C.

Johnsgard, P. A. 1988. North American owls. Smithsonian Inst. Press. Washington, D.C.

Johnson D., Kershaw L., MacKinnon A., Pojar J. 1995. Plants of the western boreal and aspen parkland. Lone Pine Publishing. Edmonton, AB.

Johnson, A. and S. H. Anderson. 2003. Conservation assessment for the Northern Saw-whet Owl in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming (University of Wyoming).

Johnson, Ann, Brian O.K. Reeves, and Mack W. Shortt, (2004) Osprey Beach (Site 48YE409/410), Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Report on file, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Mammoth, and The Yellowstone Park Foundation, Bozeman.

Johnson, D., Kershaw, L., MacKinnon, A., Pojar, J., 1995. Plants of the western boreal and aspen parkland. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Jones, A. 2006. 2006 recreation survey. An examination of the results from Hinton Wood Products' recreation survey conducted in 2006. Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills. 40pp

Jones, A. 2006. 2006 recreation survey. An examination of the results from Hinton Wood Products’ recreation survey conducted in 2006. Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills. 40pp.

Jorres, R., Nowak, D., Grimminger, F., Seeger, W., Oldigs, M. and Magnussen, H. 1995. The effect of 1 ppm nitrogen dioxide on bronchoalveolar lavage cells and inflammatory mediators in normal and asthmatic subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 8: 416-424.

Kabata-Pendias, A. and H. Pendias, (1992) Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, Second Edition. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.



Kaczensky, P., F. Knauer, B. Krze, M. Jonozovic, M. Adamic and H. Gossow. 2003. The impact of high speed, high volume traffic axes on brown bears in Slovenia. Biological Conservation 111(2):191-204.

Kansas, J. 2001. Human and recreational use in the Bighorn Backcountry. Prepared for Land and Forest Division, Clearwater Forest Area, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development by URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd. 10pp.

Kansas, J.L. 2005. Grizzly Bears and Mining in the Cheviot Region - Retrospective Analysis – Draft for Discussion. Prepared for Elk Valley Coal Corporation and Cardinal River Operations, Hinton, Alberta.

Kansas, J.L. and Collister, D.M. 1999. Cumulative effects assessment for grizzly bears: Supplemental information – Cheviot Mine Project. Prep. for Cardinal River Coals Ltd. by URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd., Calgary, Alberta. 87 pp.

Kansas, J.L. and J. Herrero. 1999. Specific and cumulative impact assessment for mammalian carnivores, south block and west extension – Coal Valley Mine. Prepared for Luscar Ltd. – Coal Valley Mine, Edson, Alberta.

Kansas, J.L. and M.D. Symbaluk. 2011. Balancing focal species, recreation and biodiversity in mountain coal mine closure planning. Volume 1 - Pages 423-431 In: A.B. Fourie, M. Tibbet, and A. Beersing (eds.) Mine Closure 2011 – Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomatics, Perth. 646 pp.

Kansas, J.L. and M.L. Charlebois. 2003. Response of ungulates and mid-sized carnivores to oil and gas activity and development in the Christina Lake area of northeast Alberta. Prep. For Devon Canada Corporation by URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd. Calgary, AB.

Kansas, J.L. and M.L. Charlebois. 2005. Winter wildlife use of riparian buffers and timber harvest blocks – McLean Creek Planning Area. Prep. For Spray Lake Sawmills Ltd. by URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd.

Kansas, J.L. and M.L. Charlebois. 2006. Monitoring responses of ungulates and mammalian carnivores to oil and as development in the Christina Lake/Jackfish Region: 2006 progress report. Prep. For Devon Canada Corporation by URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd. Calgary, AB.

Kansas, J.L. and M.L. Charlebois. 2008. Project and cumulative impact statement for mammalian carnivores – Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project. Prep. for Coal Valley Resources Inc. by URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd., Calgary, AB. 141 pp.

Kasstan, Steven, (2004) Lithic Technology at the Below Forks Site, FhNf-25: Stratagems of Stone Tool Manufacture. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Saskatchewan.



Kay, Charles E., and Clifford White, (2001) Reintroduction of Bison into the Rocky Mountain Parks of Canada: Historical and Archaeological Evidence. In Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceeding of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands, edited by David Harmon, pp. 143-151. The George Wright Society, Hancock, Michigan.

Kearney, M.S., (1981) Late Quaternary Vegetation and Environments of Jasper National Park, Alberta. PhD Thesis, University of Western Ontario, London.

Keim, J.L., P.D. DeWitt, and S.R. Lele. 2011. Predators choose prey over prey habitats: evidence from a lynx-hare system. Ecological Applications 21(4):1011-1016.

Keith, L. B., and L. A. Winberg. 1978. A demographic analysis of the snowshoe hare cycle. Wildlife Monographs Number 58. 70pp.

Kelly, Jeffrey F., Eli S. Bridge and Michael J. Hamas. 2009. Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:

Kelly, Robert L., and Lawrence C. Todd, (1988) Coming into the Country: Early Paleoindian Hunting and Mobility. American Antiquity 53 (2): 231-244.

Kennedy, Margaret, Thayer Smith, and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1982) Final Report, Conservation Excavations, DjPq-1 – An 8000 Year Record of Human Occupation in the Crowsnest Pass, B.C. Consultants Report for Alberta Natural Gas, on file, Lifeways of Canada Limited.

Kennett, S. A. 2000. Cumulative effects assessment and the Cheviot Project: What’s wrong with this picture? Resources No. 68.

Kennett, S. A. 2000. The future for cumulative effects management: beyond the environmental assessment paradigm. Resources No. 69.

Kenward, R, S. Walls, A. South, and N. Casey. 2008. Ranges8 v2.7. Anatrak Ltd., Wareham, UK.

Kershaw L., Gould J., Johnson D., Lancaster J. 2001. Rare vascular plants of Alberta. The University of Alberta Press, and the Canadian Forest Service. Edmonton, AB.

Kershaw, L., J. Gould, D. Johnson and J. Lancaster. 2001. Rare vascular plants of Alberta. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, AB; and Nat. Resource. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Cent. Edmonton, AB.

Kitano, S., K. Maekawa., S. Nakano., K.D. Fausch. 1994. Spawning Behavior of Bull Trout in the Upper Flathead Drainage, Montana, with Special Reference to Hybridization with Brook



Knapik, L. J., Rosentreter, R.L. 1999. Characteristics and Quality of Minesoil Profiles and Minesoil Landscapes at the Coal Valley Mine. Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd.

Knapik, L.J. and B.M. Chernipeski, (1999) Soil Resources of the Coal Valley Mine – South Block and West Extension Areas. March 1999. Report prepared for Luscar Ltd. by Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 69 pages plus Appendix.

Knapik, L.J. and R.L. Rosentreter, (1999) Characteristics and Quality of Minesoil Profiles and Minesoil Landscapes at the Coal Valley Mine. Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. for Luscar Ltd. 62 pp.

Knapik, L.J., (1984) Evaluation of Soil and Overburden Quality for Reclamation at Coal Valley. Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. for Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd. 86 pp.

Knapik, L.J., A.M. Hammermeister and D.G. Walker, 1995. Characteristics and Quality of Minesoil Landscapes and Minesoil Profiles at the Luscar Mine. Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. for Cardinal River Coals.

Kneteman, J. 1995. Aerial survey of elk in the Mountain Wildlife Management Units of the Northern East Slopes Regions, March, 1995. Alberta Environmental Protection, Natural Resources Services, Wildlife Management Division, Hinton, AB.

Kneteman, J. 1995. Aerial survey of elk in the Mountain Wildlife Management Units of the Northern East Slopes Regions, March, 1995. Alberta Environmental Protection, Natural Resources Services, Wildlife Management Division, Hinton, AB.

Koehler, G.M. 1990. Population and habitat characteristics of lynx and snowshoe hares in north central Washington. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68: 845-851.

Koehler, G.M., and J. D. Brittell. 1990. Managing spruce-fir habitat for lynx and snowshoe hares. Journal of Forestry, 90: 10-14.

Kolbe, J.A., J.R. Squires, D.H. Pletscher and L.F. Ruggiero. 2007. The Effect of Snowmobile Trails on Coyote Movements Within Lynx Home Ranges. Journal of Wildlife Management 71(5): 1409-1418.

Krahe, R. 2001. Saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) and the Queen Charlotte owl project (Q.C.O.P.). Society for the Conservation of Owls Annual Report 2001.

Krauskopf, K.B., (1979) Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York. 617 pp.

Krebs C.J., K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). 1999. Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-30WWW. 480 pp.



Krebs, C. J., and J. H. Meyers. 1974. Population cycles in small animals. Advances in Ecological Research 8:268-399.

Krohn, W.B., S.M. Arthur and T.F. Paragi. 1994. Mortality and vulnerability of a heavily trapped fisher population. Pages 137-145, in S.W. Buskirk, A. Harestad and M. Raphael (eds.). Martens, Sables and Fishers: Biology and Conservation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Krohn, W.B., W.J. Zielinski and B.B. Randall. 1997. Relations, among fishers, snow and martens in California: results from small-scale spatial comparisons. Pages 211-232 in G. Proulx, H.N. Bryant and P.M. Woodard (editors). Martes: Taxonomy, Ecology, Techniques and Management. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 474 pp.

Kučera J. and J. Váňa. 2003. Check and Red List of bryophytes of the Czech Republic (2003). Preslia, 75: 193–222.

Kučera J., Zmrhalová M., Buryová B., Plášek V. & Váňa J. (2004): Bryoflora of the Úpská jáma cirque and adjacent localities of the Eastern Krkonoše Mts. – Časopis Slezského Zemského Muzea, Ser. A, 53: 143–173.

Kucera, E., and W. A. Fuller. 1978. A winter study of small rodents in Aspen Parkland. Journal of Mammalogy. Vol. 59(1). (PP)

Kulle, B.J., B. Neal, and R. Wondrasek, (2000) Historical Resources Impact Mitigation, Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project 1998 Season, Vol. 1 of 2, ASA Permit 98-122. Consultant's report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Kulle, Barbara, and Barbara Neal, (1998a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment and Mitigation Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project 1996 Season, Volumes 1-3, ASA Permit 96-056. Consultant's report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Kulle, Barbara, and Barbara Neal, (1998b) Historical Resources Mitigation, Cardinal Rivers Coal Ltd., Cheviot Mine Project, Sites FfQh-27 and FfQh-32, Permit 97-115. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Kürschner H., Erda A. 2005. Bryophytes of Turkey: An Annotated Reference List of the Species with Synonyms from the Recent Literature and an Annotated List of Turkish Bryological Literature. Turkish Journal of Botany. Vol 29. Pp 95-154.

Kuzyk, Gerald W., Jeff Kneteman, and Fiona K.A. Schmiegelow. 2004. Winter habitat use by Wolves, Canis lupus, in relation to forest harvesting in west-central Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(3): 368-375.



Kwiecien, Grzegorz, Kevin Brett, and Todd Kristensen, (2010) Pre-Contact Sites in Boreal Forest Dune Fields of Northwest Alberta. Paper presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, April 28- May 2, 2010, Calgary, Alberta.

Kyba, Daniel, and Jane Ross, (2001) Exploring the Historic Coal Branch: A Guide to Jasper’s Front Ranges. Rocky Mountain Books, Calgary.

Lake, D.W., (1967) The Historical Geography of the Coal Branch. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Geography, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Lancaster, P.A., J. Bowman, and B.A. Pond. 2008. Fishers, farms and forests in eastern North America. Environmental Management 42:93-101.

Landals, A.J., (2001) Lake Minnewanka Site 2000 Mitigation Program. Interim Report. Copy on file Parks Canada, Cultural Resources Services, Western Canada Service Centre, Calgary.

Landals, Alison J., Barbara J. Kulle, Gloria J. Fedirchuk and Len Hills (Volume A); Landals, Alison J., Barbara J. Kulle and Gloria J. Fedirchuk (Volume B); Landals, Alison J., Barbara J. Kulle, Gloria J. Fedirchuk and Len Hills (Volume C); Landals, Alison J., Barbara J. Kulle, Gloria J. Fedirchuk and Len Hills (Volume D), (1995) Historical Resources Impact Assessment Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project: Volume A- Background Information; Historical Resources Impact Assessment Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project. Volume B - Precontact Sites; Historical Resources Impact Assessment Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project. Volume C - Historic Sites (Part 1 of 3); Historical Resources Impact Assessment Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project Volume C Historic Sites (Part 2 of 3) Figures, Plates and Tables; Historical Resources Impact Assessment Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project Volume C Historic Sites (Part 3 of 3) Appendices; Historical Resources Impact Assessment Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Cheviot Mine Project. Volume D - Summary, ASA Permit 95-025 and 95-031. Consultant's report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Landhausser S.M., Deshaies D., Lieffers V.J. 2010. Disturbance facilitates rapid range expansion of aspen into higher elevations of the Rocky Mountains under a warming climate. Journal of Biogeography. Vol 37. Pp 68-76.

Langemann, E. Gwyn and William Perry, (2001) Banff National Park of Canada Archaeological Resource Description and Analysis. Draft Copy. Parks Canada Cultural Resource Services, Western Canada Service Centre, Calgary.

Langemann, E. Gwyn, (1998) A Description and Evaluation of Eight Housepit Sites in Banff National Park. Paper presented at the 31st annual meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, Victoria.



Larson, M-L., (1990) Early Plains Archaic Technological Organization: The Laddie Creek Example. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara.

Lawrence, D., C.T. Lane, M.G. Willoughby, C. Hincz, D. Moisey and C. Stone. 2005. Range Plant Community Types and Carrying Capacity for the Lower Foothills Subregions of Alberta, Fourth Approximation. Prepared by: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Public Lands and Forests, Edmonton Alberta.

Lawton, E. 1971. Moss flora of the Pacific northwest. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Japan. 362 pp. + 195 plates.

Le Blanc, Raymond J., (2004) Archaeological Research in the Lesser Slave Lake Region: A Contribution to the Pre-Contact History of the Boreal Forest of Alberta. Canadian Museum of Civilization Mercury Series, Archaeology Paper 166.

Leech, S., A. Wiensczyk, and J. Turner. 2009. Ecosystem management: A practitioners’ guide. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 10(2):1–12.

Leech, S., A. Wiensczyk, and J. Turner. 2009. Ecosystem management: A practitioners’ guide. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 10(2):1–12.

Lessard, J.L. and D.B. Hayes. 2003. Effects of Elevated Water Temperatures on Fish and Macroinvertebrate Communities Below Small Dams. River Research and Applications. Vol. 17:7 pp. 721-732.

Levine, T., Marcus, W., Chen, C., Rispin, A., Scott, C.S., and Gibb, H. 1988. Special report on ingested inorganic arsenic: skin cancer, nutritional essentiality. Washington DC, US EPA.

Lifeways of Canada Limited. 2007. Traditional Use Studies/Consultation: Briefing Notes for EIA, Coal Valley Mine Extension. Prepared by D. Meyer. 4 pp.

Lifeways of Canada Limited. 2011. Traditional Use Study list of vegetation used by Aboriginal groups consulted for the Coal Valley Mine – Robb Trend Project. Lifeways of Canada: Calgary, AB.

Lifeways of Canada Limited., (2012) Aboriginal Consultation, Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Land Use. Proposed Coal Valley Mine Robb Trend Project.

Lifeways of Canada Limited., 2008. First Nations Consultation and Traditional Use Studies. Proposed Coal Valley Mine Extensions.

Lifeways. 2008. Mercoal West-Yellowhead Tower Mine Expansion Project: Traditional Land Use Report.

Lifeways. 2012. Robb Trend Mine Project: Traditional Land Use Report.



Light, James A., (1985) Excavations at FgQe-11, Mitigation of the Luscar Sterco Coal Valley Mine Disturbance in Pit 42-1, Final Report, Permit 85-70. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Light, James A., (1989) Excavations at FiQk-28: Archaeological Mitigation in William A. Switzer Provincial Park, Final Report, Permit 88-65. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Longman, P. 2007. Vegetation Development on Reclaimed Lands at Coal Valley Mine, 1979-2003. Masters Thesis Preliminary Results. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 6 pp.

Longman, P. 2007. Vegetation Development on Reclaimed Lands at Coal Valley Mine, 1979-2003. Masters Thesis Preliminary Results. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Looman, J., and Best, K.F.1979. Budd’s flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. Publication number 1662. 863 pp.

Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J., Hector, A., Hooper, D., Huston, M., Raffaelli, D., Schmid, B., Tilman, D. and Wardle, D. (2001). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges. Science, 294, 804-808.

Loveseth, Beatrice A., (1980) The Crowsnest Lake Dancehall Site (DjPp-3): Interpretation Based on Lithic Artifact and Type Analyses. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary.

LSU Herbarium. 2007. Herbarium of Louisiana State University. URL:http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/.

Luscar 1999. Surface Water Quality Impact Assessment: Coal Valley Extension. Prepared by Luscar Ltd., March 1999.

Luscar Ltd. (1999): Coal Valley Mine Extension Application – Mercoal East Phase 1 and West Extension Areas; Report prepared by Coal Valley Mine, Edson, Alberta.

Luscar Ltd. (2003b): Coal Valley Mine Lovett and Embarras Pits (Mercoal Phase 1) Supplemental Information Response Part 2. Report Prepared by Coal Valley Mine, Edson Alberta.

Luscar Ltd. (2005): Mercoal Phase 2 Project EUB Mine Licence and AENV AEPEA Application.

Luscar Ltd. 1994. Development of sport fisheries in lakes created by coal mining operations in the eastern slopes. 151 pp.



Luscar Ltd. 1999. Air Quality Evaluation of the Proposed Mine Permit Extension. Luscar Ltd. – Coal Valley Mine. Prepared by Cirrus Consultants.

Luscar Ltd. 1999. Coal Valley Mine Extension Project. Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine.

Luscar Ltd. 1999. Surface Water Quality Impact Assessment: Coal Valley Extension. Prepared by Luscar Ltd., March 1999.

Luscar Ltd. 2002. Coal Valley Mine: Annual wastewater, groundwater, domestic wastewater, and waterworks, combined report for 2001.


Luscar Ltd. 2004. Coal Valley Mine: Annual wastewater, groundwater, domestic wastewater, and waterworks, combined report for 2003..



Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd. (1998): Application for Renewal of Alberta Environmental Protection & Enhancement Act Approvals – Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd. Coal Valley Mine;

Luttmerding, H.A., D.A. Demarchi, E.C. Lea, D.V. Meidinger and T. Vold 1990. Describing Ecosystems in the Field. British Columbian Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia. MOE Manual 11.

Lyon, J. L. 1983. Road density models describing habitat effectiveness for elk. Journal of Forestry. Vol.81(9):592-595 pp.

MacArthur R.H., MacArthur J.W. 1961. On bird species diversity. Ecology. Vol 42. Pp 594-598.

MacCallum, B. 1995. Winter survey of the ungulates and other wildlife on the proposed Cheviot Mine and surrounding area, 1994. Bighorn Environmental Design.

MacCallum, B. 2003. Reclamation to wildlife habitat in Alberta=s Foothills. Technical Paper #14 in Price, W., W. Gardner and C. Howell. Proceedings of the 27th annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium, Kamloops BC, September 15-18, 2003. The British Columbia Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation. Bitech Publishers Ltd., Richmond, BC.



MacCallum, B. 2003. Reclamation to wildlife habitat in Alberta’s Foothills. Technical Paper #14 in Price, W., W. Gardner and C. Howell. Proceedings of the 27th annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium, Kamloops BC, September 15-18, 2003. The British Columbia Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation. Bitech Publishers Ltd., Richmond, BC.

MacCallum, N. B., and V. Geist. 1992. Mountain restoration: soils and surface wildlife habitat. GeoJournal 27.1:23-46.

Mace, R.D. and J. S. Waller. 1997. Final report: Grizzly bear ecology in the Swan Mountains, Montana. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 191 pp.

Machmer, M. M., and C. Steeger. 1995. The ecological roles of wildlife tree users in forest ecosystems. Report prepared for British Columbia Min. For. Res. Program, Land Manage. Handbook 35. 54pp.

Machmer, M.M., and C. Steeger. 1995. The ecological roles of wildlife tree users in forest

Mackay, D., Shiu, W. and Ma, K. 1993. Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals: Volumes I-IV.: Lewis Publishers. Chelsea, Michigan.

Mackay, D., Shiu, W.Y. and Paterson, S. 1992. Generic Models for evaluating the regional fate of chemicals. Chemosphere. 24. pp. 695–717.

Mackay, D., W.-Y. Shiu and K.-C. Ma. 1995. Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties and environmental fate of organic compounds. Vol. IV. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.

Mackay, W.C. 1999. Coal Valley Mine Extension: Cumulative effects of reclaimed end-pit lakes on water quality and fisheries resources. Prepared for: Luscar Ltd. Prepared by: W.C. Mackay & Associates. 39 pp.

Mackay, W.C., G.R. Ash, and H.J. Norris (eds.). 1990. Fish ageing methods for Alberta. R.L.&L. Environmental Services Ltd. in association with Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 113pp.

Mackenzie W.H., Moran J.R. 2004. Wetlands of British Columbia: a guide to identification. BC Ministry of Forests research branch. Victoria, BC. Land Management Handbook No. 52.

MacKinnon, A., J. Pojar, R. Coupé (eds.). 1992. Plants of northern British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lone Pine Publishing. Canada.

MaCracken, J. G., D. W. Uresk, and R. M. Hansen. 1985. Habitat used by shrews in southeastern Manitoba. Northwest Science 59:24-27.



Macyk, T.M., (1991) Characterization and Reclamation of Coal Tailing Materials. Prepared for Luscar - Sterco (1977) Ltd. by Environmental Technologies, Alberta Research Council.

Magne, Martin P.R., (1985) Lithics and Livelihood: Stone Tool Technologies of Central and Southern Interior British Columbia. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper No. 13.

Maj, M. 1996. Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus): Assessment of monitoring and management in the Northern Region. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, Montana, USA. 32pp.

Maj, M. 1996.Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus): Assessment of monitoring and management in the Northern Region. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, Montana. 32 p.

Manalta Coal Ltd. 1982. Mercoal Project Vol. I, Application and executive summary and Vol II, Environmental Impact Assessment. Submitted to the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) by Mercoal Minerals Ltd.

Manalta Coals Ltd. 1982. Section 3.9 Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology of Mercoal Minerals Ltd. Mercoal Project Vol II Environmental Impact Assessment. pp 268-295.

Mandelbaum, David G. 1979. The Plains Cree. Canadian Plains Studies 9. Canadian Plains Research Center, Regina.

Mandyrk, Carole Stein, (1992) Paleoecology as Contextural Archaeology: Human Viability of the Late Quaternary Ice Free Corridor, Alberta, Canada. PhD Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Mandyrk, Carole Stein, (1996) Late Wisconsinan Deglaciation of Alberta: Processes and Paleogeography. Quaternary International 32: 79-85.

Mark D. Piorecky and David R. C. Prescott. 2004. Distribution, abundance and habitat selection of Northern Pygmy and Barred owls along the eastern slopes of the Alberta Rocky Mountains. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division. Alberta Species at Risk Report No 91, Edmonton, AB. 26pp.

Market Facts of Canada. 1991. Research Report: National Seafood Consumption Study. Conducted for: Health and Welfare Canada. #C388/JdeB. Cited in: Health Canada 2007

Marks, J. S. and J. H. Doremus. 2000. Are northern saw-whet owls, nomadic? Journal of Raptor Research 34(4):299-304.



Matrix 2008: Matrix Solutions Inc. (2008): Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project Environmental Impact Assessment, Surface Hydrology; Report prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., January 2008.

Matrix Solutions Inc. 2012. Robb Trend Project Environmental Impact Assessment – Surface Hydrology. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc.

Matrix. 2008. Mercoal West-Yellowhead Tower Mine Expansion Project: Surface Water Hydrology Report.

Matrix. 2012. Mercoal West-Yellowhead Tower Mine Expansion Project: Surface Water Hydrology Report.

Matson, R.G., and Martin P.R. Magne, (2007) Athapaskan Migrations: The Archaeology of Eagle Lake, British Columbia. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Mattson, D.J. 1993. Background and proposed standards for managing grizzly bear habitat security in the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Cooperative Park Studies Unit. University of Idaho. Moscow, ID. 17 pp. Missoula, MT. 8 pp.

Mattson, D.J. 2000. Causes and consequences of dietary differences among Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). Dissertation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA. 173 pp.

Mattson, D.J., Barber, K. Maw, R. and R. Renkin. 1999. Coefficients of productivity for Yellowstone’s grizzly bear habitat. United States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Moscow, Idaho

Mazur, K. M., P. C. James and S. D. Frith. 1997. Barred owl nest site characteristics in the boreal forest of Saskatchewan, Canada. Pages 267-271 in Duncan, J. R., H. D. Johnson and T. H. Nicholls (eds.). Biology and conservation of owls of the northern hemisphere: 2nd international symposium. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report N-190, St. Paul, Minnesota. 635 pp.

McCann, N.P. and R.A. Moen. 2011. Mapping potential core areas for lynx (Lynx canadensis) using pellet counts from snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and satellite imagery. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89:509-516.

McCarthy, J. M., O. F. Canziani, N. A. Leary, D. J. Dokken, and K. S. White, Eds, 2001. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 1032 pp.

Mcclay A.S., Fry K.M., Korpela E.J., Lange R.M., and Roy L.D. 2004. Costs and Threats of Invasive Species to Alberta’s Natural Resoures. Alberta Research Council: Edmonton, Alberta.



McCullough, E.J. and B. J. Kulle, (1990) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Gulf Canada Resources Limited, Coalbranch Pipeline Project, ASA Permit 90-60. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

McCullough, Edward J., (1982a) Historical Resources Overview and Preliminary Assessment, Esso Minerals Canada Limited, Hinton East Coal Properties, ASA Permit 82-63. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

McCullough, Edward J., (1982b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Esso Minerals Canada Limited, Hinton East Coal Properties, Test Pit Target Areas, ASA Permit 82-126. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

McCune B., Geiser L. 1997. Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press. Corvallis, Oregon. A co-publication with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Pp 386.

McCune, B., J.B. Grace, and D.L. Urban. 2002. Analysis of Ecological Communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, United States. 300 pp.

McGarigal, K., and B.J. Marks. 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. Pages 1-122. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-351, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.

McGrath, H.J., 2001. Developmental Changes in Chemical and Physical Properties of Coal Valley Minesoils in the Central Alberta Foothills. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

McGuffie, K., Henderson-Sellers, A., Holbrook, N., Kothavala, Z., Balchova, O. and J. Hoekstra, 1999. Assessing Simulations of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Variability with Global Climate Models for Present and Enhanced Greenhouse Climates. International Journal of Climatology, 19:1-26.

McKelvey, K.S., K.B. Aubry, J.K. Agee, S.W. Buskirk, L F. Ruggiero, and G. M. Koehler. 2000. Lynx conservation in an ecosystem management context. Pages 419-442 in L.R Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-30WWW. 480 pp.

McKillop, Jennifer, (2002) Towards Culturally Appropriate Consultation: An Approach for Fort MacKay First Nation. Unpublished Master of Environmental Design project, Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary.



McLellan, B.N., F.W. Hovey, R.D. Mace, J.G. Woods, D.W. Carney, M.L. Gibeau, W.L. Wakkinen, and W.F. Kasworm. 1999. Rates and causes of grizzly bear mortality in the interior mountains of British Columbia, Alberta, Montana, Washington and Idaho. Journal of Wildl. Manage. 63(3): 911-920.

McParland, Pat, (1977) Experiments in the Firing and Breaking of Rocks. Calgary Archaeologist 5: 31-33.

McVey, Wayne H., (2002) Demographic Profile of the Cooperatives and Enterprises of the Aseniwuche Winewak Nation of Canada. Final Report Prepared for Alberta Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development, available at http://www.aseniwuche.com/pages/demo.pdf

Mech, D.L. 1989. Wolf Population Survival in an Area of High Road Density American Midland Naturalist. 121: (2) 387-389.

Meffe, G.K. and C.R. Carroll. 1997. Principles of conservation biology. 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates Inc. Sunderland, MA. 729 pp.

Mellina, E. S. G. Hinch, E. M. Donaldson, and G. Pearson. 2005. Stream habitat and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) physiological stress responses to streamside clear-cut logging in British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 541-556.

MEMS (Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd.) 2005. Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Phase 2 water quality impact statement. Prepared for Luscar Ltd.

MEMS 2008: Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. (2008): Hydrogeology EIA for Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Areas; Report prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., February 2008.

MEMS. 2008. Hydrogeology EIA: Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower. Prepared by Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. for Coal Valley Resources Inc.

MEMS. 2012. Hydrogeology EIA: Robb Trend Mine Project. Prepared by Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. for Coal Valley Resources Inc.

Métis Nations Association of Alberta. 1997. Pers. Comm. Rafique Islam, Sector Advisor, Edmonton

Meyer, D. 2007. Traditional use studies/consultation briefing notes for EIA Coal Valley Mine Expansion. Lifeways of Canada Limited, Calgary AB.

Meyer, Daniel A.(2010) Archaeological Survey and Historic Resources Inventory of Buck Lake Provincial Recreation and Natural Areas, 2009 Program, Final Report, Permit 2009-181. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Meyer, Daniel A., (2003a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division, Weldwood FMA 2002 Developments, Final Report, Permit 02-132. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2003b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Alberta Newsprint Company, Alberta Newsprint FMA 2002 Cut Blocks, Final Report, Permit 02-286. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2004a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division Weldwood FMA 2003 Developments, Final Report (Permit 2003-117). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2004b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Alberta Newsprint Company, Alberta Newsprint FMA 2004 AOP Cut Blocks, Final Report, Permit 03-299. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2005a)Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundance Forest Industries, Sundance FMA 2004-2005 AOP Cut Blocks, Final Report, Permit 04-381. Consultant’s report to on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2005b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundre Forest Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd. (formerly Sunpine Forest Products Ltd.), Sundre Wood Products FMA 2003 Developments, Final Report, Permit 03-135. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2005c) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd., Hinton Wood Products FMA 2004 Developments, Final Report, Permit 04-213. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2005d) New Sequences for Old Grassland: Recent Work on Two Early and Middle Period Sites in West-Central Alberta. Paper presented at the 63rd Plains Anthropological Conference, Edmonton, Alberta.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2005e) Site Location Predictive Modeling in the West-Central Foothills of Alberta. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Chacmool Conference, Calgary, Alberta.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2005f) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Alberta Sustainable Resources Development, Forest Protection Division, FireSmart Cut Block Along Drystone Creek Near Hinton, Final Report, Permit 2004-344. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2006a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundance Forest Industries, Sundance FMA 2005-2006 AOP Cut Blocks, Final Report, Permit 05-472. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Meyer, Daniel A., (2006b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Shell Canada Limited, Anderson 6-1-51-23-W5M Well Site and Access Road, Final Report, Permit 2006-157. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2006c) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Husky Energy Inc, Ansell 14-7-51-48-W5M Tie-In Pipeline, Final Report, Permit 2006-723. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., (2010)Archaeological Survey and Historic Resources Inventory of Buck Lake Provincial Recreation and Natural Areas, 2009 Program, Final Report, Permit 2009-181. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe 2007. Archaeology along the Canadian Rocky Mountain Front Ranges: Excavations at the Upper Lovett Campsite. Expedition 49 (2): 28-35.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2006) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills, Hinton Wood Products FMA 2005 Developments, Final Report, Permit 05-206. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2007) Archaeology along the Canadian Rocky Mountain Front Ranges: Excavations at the Upper Lovett Campsite. Expedition 49 (2): 28-35.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2007a) Archaeology along the Canadian Rocky Mountain Front Ranges: Excavations at the Upper Lovett Campsite. Expedition 49 (2): 28-35.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2007b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, McLeod River Provincial Recreation Area, Proposed New Campground, Final Report, Permit 2007-229. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2007c) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Shell Canada Limited, Anderson 15-8-51-23-W5M Tie-In Pipeline Project, Final Report, Permit 2007-214. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2008) Excavations at the Upper Lovett Campsite (FgQf-16) from 2005 to 2006. Poster presented at the 2008 Annual Conference of the Archaeological Society of Alberta, Medicine Hat, May 2-4, 2008.



Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2009a) Ya-Pe-Oo: The 2008 Archaeological Survey of Buck Lake. Poster presented at the 2009 Annual Conference of the Archaeological Society of Alberta and the Saskatchewan Archaeological Society, Bodo, Alberta.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2009b) Archaeological Survey and Historic Resources Inventory of Buck Lake Provincial Recreation and Natural Areas, Final Report, Permit 2008-341. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2009c) Historical Resources Impact Assessment and Stage I Mitigation, Coal Valley Resources Inc., Coal Valley Mine, Yellowhead Tower Extension and Robb Trend Exploration, Final Report, Permit 2008-160. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jason Roe, (2010) The Gods of the Valleys Are Not the Gods of the Hills: FgQf-16 and the Early Middle Period in the Foothills, Final Report, Permits 05-206 & 06-599. Report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., and Jessica Langer, (2008) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundance Forest Industries Ltd., Sundance FMA 2007 Developments, Final Report, Permit 2007-441. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., Brian O.K. Reeves, and Murray Lobb, (2002) Historical Resources Impact Assessment and Mitigation, Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division, Embarras 12 Forestry Unit, Haul Roads, Cut Blocks, and Gravel Source, Final Report, Permit 01-296. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., Janet Blakey, and Jason Roe, (2009) Stampede Site (DjOn-26) Archaeological Excavations, 2008 Phase 2 Investigations, Final Report, Permit 2008-257. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., Jason Roe, and Amanda Dow 2007. Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd., Hinton Wood Products FMA 2006 Developments, Final Report (Permit 2006-264). Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., Jason Roe, and Courtney Lakevold, (2011) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Coal Valley Resources Inc., Coal Valley Mine, Robb Trend Project, Final Report, Permit 2010-234. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Meyer, Daniel A., Jason Roe, and Jessica Langer, (2009) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd., Hinton Wood Products FMA 2007 Developments, Final Report, Permit 2007-217. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., Kendra Kolomyja, and Jason Roe, (2010) Historical Resources Impact Mitigation and Stage II Mitigation, FhQg-5 (Yellowhead Mine and Townsite), Coal Valley Resources Inc., Coal Valley Mine, Yellowhead Tower Extension, Final Report, Permit 2009-237. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, Daniel A., Nancy Saxberg, Brad Somer, Jason Roe, and Carmen Olson, (2007) Historical Resources Impact Mitigation, Elk Valley Coal Corporation, Cardinal River Operations, Cheviot Mine 2005 Mitigation Excavations, Final Report, Permit 2005-396. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Meyer, David and Scott Hamilton, (1993) Neighbours to the North: People of the Boreal Forest. In Plains Indians A.D. 500 –1500. Edited by Karl L. Schleiser, pp.96-127. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

Mikisew Cree First Nation v. Canada (Minister of Canadian Heritage), (2005) 3 S.C.R. 388, 2005 SCC 69

MILLENNIUM EMS Solutions 2012 – Robb Trend Project EIA.

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. 2008. Hydrogeology EIA Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower. February 2008.

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. 2011a. Robb Trend CEA time frames. E-mail, D. McCoy, July 5, 2011.

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. 2011b. RSA timesteps mapping. E-mail, J-L. Greter, November 14, 2011

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. 2012c. Vegetation and wetlands resource assessment report for the Robb Trend Project. 2012. Prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc. Prepared by Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd., Edmonton, AB.

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. (2011): 2011 Annual Report – Groundwater Monitoring – Coal Valley Mine; Report prepared for Coal Valley Resources Inc., December.

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. 2005. Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Phase 2 water quality impact statement. Prepared for Luscar Ltd.

Millennium EMS Solutions Ltd. 2008. Mercoal West-Yellowhead Tower Mine Expansion Project: Groundwater Report.



Millennium EMS. (2012) Vegetation and Wetlands Resource Assessment Report for the Robb Trend Project -

Miller, R. B. and W. H. Macdonald. 1949. Preliminary Biological Surveys of Alberta Watersheds 1947-1949. Alberta Government Department of Lands and Forests. 139 pp.

Miller, Susan L.M., and Robert R. Stewart, (1990) Effects of Lithilogy, Porosity, and Shaliness on P- and S-Wave Velocities from Sonic Logs. Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics 26 (1 and 2): 94-103.

Millikin, R. L. 1988. A comparison of spot, transect and plot methods for measuring the impact of forest pest control strategies on forest songbirds. Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report FRM-X-83. 83pp.

Millikin, R. L. 1988. A comparison of spot, transect and plot methods for measuring the impact of forest pest control strategies on forest songbirds. Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report FRM-X-83, Edmonton, AB. 83pp.

Mills, J.G. and M.A. Zwarich, (1975) Heavy Metal Content of Agricultural Soils in Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 5:295-300.

Mills, LS, M.E Soule, and D.F. Doak. 1993. The keystone-Species Concept in Ecology and Conservation. BioScience 43:219-224.

Minister of Supply and Services Canada. 1995. Canadian Biodiversity Strategy: Canada’s response to the convention on biological diversity. Catalogue No. En21-134/1995E. Biodiversity Convention Office. Environment Canada, Hull, QC.

Mitsch W.J. and Gosselink J.G. (2007). Wetlands. John Wily7 & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.

Mladenoff, D.J., T.A. Stickley, R.G. Haight, and A.P. WYdeven. 1995. A regional landscape analysis and prediction of favorable gray wolf habitat in the northern Great Lakes. Conservation Biology 9:279-

MNA (Métis Nation of Alberta), (2007) Information available at The Metis Nation of Alberta website http://www.albertametis.com/MNAHome/Home.aspx, last accessed December 7, 2011.

Moberly, Henry John, and William Bleasdell Cameron (1929) When Fur was King. University of Michigan, Dutton.

MOE (Ministry of Environment) 1997. Ambient water quality criteria for dissolved oxygen. Environmental Protection Division Water, Air and Climate Change Branch. Overview Report.



Monenco, (1990) Literature Review on the Drilling Waste Solids. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council Report No. RRTAC 90-09. 83pp.

Montgomerie, Robert and Bruce Lyon. 2011. Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:

Morgantini, L. E. 1995. The Ya Ha Tinda: An ecological overview. Wildlife Resources Consulting Ltd. Edmonton, Alberta. (Vol PP)

Morgantini, L.E. and J.L. Kansas. 2003. Differentiating mature and old-growth forests in the Upper Foothills and Subalpine Subregions of west-central Alberta. The Forestry Chronicle, 79(3): 602-612.

Morrow, P.E., Utell, M.J., Bauer, M.A., Smeglin, A.M., Frampton, M.W., Cox, C., Speers D.M. and Gibb, F.R. 1992. Pulmonary performance of elderly normal subjects and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exposed to 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide. Am Rev Respir Dis 145: 291-300.

Moss E.H. 1983. Flora of Alberta, Second Edition. Revised by Packer J.G.: University of Toronto Press. Toronto, ON. Pp 687.

Moss E.H. 1994. The Flora of Alberta Second Edition. Revised by John G. Packer: University of Toronto Press Incorporated: 1983, 1994. Toronto, Buffalo, London.

Moss, Madonna L., and Jon M. Erlandson, (2001) The Archaeology of Obsidian Cove, Suemez Island, Southeast Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 38 (1): 27-47.

Mowat, G. 2006. Winter habitat associations of American martens Martes Americana in interior wet-belt forests. Wildlife Biology 12 (1):51-61.

Mowat, G., K.G. Poole, and M. O’Donoghue. 2000. Ecology of lynx in northern Canada and Alaska. Pages 265-306 in L.R Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-30WWW. 480 pp.

Mowrey, R. A., and J. C. Zasada. 1984. Den tree use and movements of northern flying squirrel in interior Alaska and implications for forest management. Pages 351-356 in Meeham, W.R., Merril, T.R., and Hanley, T.A. (editors). Fish and wildlife relationships in old-growth forests. American Institute of Fish Research and Biology, Juneau, Alaska.

Mullen, S.M., 2006. Furbearer harvests and landscape change in the Rocky Mountain foothills of Alberta. Master of Science thesis. University of Alberta. 120 pp.



Munro, R.H.M, S.E. Nielsen, M.H. Price, G.B. Stenhouse, M.S. Boyce. 2006. Seasonal and diel patterns of grizzly bear diet and activity in west-central Alberta. Journal of Mammology 87:1112-1121.

Murphy, A. and J. Kneteman. Edited by Ranger, M. and Anderson, R. 2010/2011. Delegated Aerial Ungulate Surveys 2010/2011 Survey Season, Section 5.3 Wildlife Management Unit 344, 437 – 446 Elk. Alberta Conservation Association, Sherwood Park, Alberta.

Murphy, E. C. and W. A. Lehnhausen. 1998. Density and foraging ecology of woodpeckers following a stand-replacement fire. J. Wildl. Manage. 62:1359-1372

Murphy, Peter J., Robert W. Udell, Robert E. Stevenson, and Thomas W. Peterson (2007) A Hard Road to Travel: Land, Forests and People in the Upper Athabasca Region. Foothills Model Forest, Hinton.

Murray, D.L., and S. Boutin. 1991. The influence of snow on lynx and coyote movements: does morphology effect behavior? Oecolgia 88: 463-469.

Murray, D.L., S. Boutin, M. O’Donaghue and V.O. Nams. 1995. Hunting behavior of a sympatric felid and canid in relation to vegetative cover. Animal Behavior 50: 1203-1210.

Naeth, M.A., D.J. White, D.S. Chanasyk, T.M. Macyk, C.B. Powter and D.J. Thacker, 1991. Soil Physical Properties in Reclamation. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council Report No. RRTAC 91-4. ISBN 0-7732-0880-1. 216 pp.

Nagy, J.A. and R.H. Russell. 1978. Ecological studies of the boreal forest grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L.). Annual Report for 1977. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton, Alberta. 72 pp.

Nakicenovic N. and R. Swart (Eds). 2000. IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios 2000: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, N.Y., USA, 570 pp. See http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/emission/index.htm/.

National Pollution Inventory (NPI). 1999. Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Explosives Detonation and Firing Ranges Version 3.0; March 1999 (NPI Unit of the Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage).

National Pollution Inventory (NPI). 2012. Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Explosives Detonation and Firing Ranges Version 3.0; January 2012.

National Wetland Working Group. 1997. The Canadian Wetland Classification System: Second Edition. University of Waterloo. Waterloo, Ontario.

National Wetlands Working Group. 1988. Wetlands of Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series, No. 24. Environment Canada and Polyscience Publications Inc. Ottawa, Ontario. 452 p.



National Wetlands Working Group. 1997. Canadian Wetland Classification System. Wetlands Research Centre, Waterloo, Ontario. 68 pp.

Natural Regions Committee (NRC). 2006. Natural regions and subregions of Alberta. Compiled by D.J. Downing and W.W. Pettapiece. Government of Alberta, Pub. No. T/852.

Natural Regions Committee. 2006. Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta. Compiled by D. J. Downing, and W. W. Pettapiece. Government of Alberta Pub. No. I/005.

Natural Resources Conservation Services, USDA, 2009. - Reducing Deer Browse Damage - Forestry Technical Note #44.

Natural Resources Conservation Services, USDA, 2009. - Reducing Deer Browse Damage - Forestry Technical Note #44.

Nature Serve. 2011. Nature Serve Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [webapplication]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. URL: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/. Accessed: November, 2011.

NatureServe. 2006. NatureServe Explorer: An Online Encyclopedia of Life. URL:http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/.

Neff, D. J. 1968. The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census, and distribution: a review. The Journal of Wildlife Management Vol. 32(3):597-614.

Neff, D. J. 1968. The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census, and distribution: a review. The Jour. of Wildl. Manage. Vol. 32(3):597-614 pp.

Nellis, C.H., S. Wetmore, and L. Keith. 1972. Lynx-prey interactions in central Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management 36:320-329.

Nelson, J.S. and M.J. Paetz. 1992. The Fishes of Alberta 2nd Edition. The University of Alberta Press & The University of Calgary Press. 385 pp +Appendices.

Nelson, L. Jr., and F. W. Clark. 1973. Correction for sprung traps in catch/effort calculations of trapping results. Journal of Mammalogy 54:295-298.

Nelson, L. Jr., and F. W. Clark. 1973. Correction for sprung traps in catch/effort calculations of trapping results. Journal of Mammalogy 54:295-298.

NESERC (Northern East Slopes Environmental Resources Committee). 2000. Grizzly bear conservation in the Yellowhead Ecosystem, a strategic framework. Parks Canada and Government of Alberta. 28pp.



Newcombe, C. P. and J. O. T. Jenson. 1995. Channel suspended sediments and fisheries: A synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 16: 693-727.

Newton, I. 1979. Population ecology of raptors. Buteo Books, Vermillion, South Dakota. 399pp.

Nielsen, S. E., Stenhouse, G. B., & Boyce, M. S. (2006). A habitat-based framework for grizzly bear conservation in Alberta. Biological Conservation, 130(2), 217-229.

Nielsen, S.E., J. Cranston, and G.B Stenhouse. 2009. Identification of priority areas for grizzly bear conservation and recovery in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Conservation Planning Vol. 5: 38-60.

Niemi, G. J. 1978. Breeding birds of burned and unburned areas in northern Minnesota. Loon 50:73-84.

Nietfeld, M., J. Wilk, K. Woolnough, and B. Hoskin. 1984. Wildlife habitat requirement summaries for selected wildlife species in Alberta. Alberta Energy and Natural Resources -

Nietfeld, M., J. Wilk, K. Woolnough, and B. Hoskin. 1984. Wildlife habitat requirement summaries for selected wildlife species in Alberta. Alberta Energy and Natural Resources - Fish and Wildlife Division, Wildlife Resource Inventory Unit, Edmonton, AB.

Nikiforuk, L. (editor), 1995. Canada-Alberta Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture Agreement (CAESA) Soil Inventory Project Procedures Manual. Agriculture Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.

NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health). 1974. Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide. United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 74-111.

Noise and Vibration Control Engineering, Principles and Applications. Istvan L. Ver and Leo L. Beranek, 2006, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Norris, Dave, Krista Gilliand, and Terry Gibson, (2010) Investigations at EjPg-30 – A Mummy Cave Site in the Three Hills Region of Alberta. Paper presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, April 28- May 2, 2010, Calgary, Alberta

Norton, M. R. 1999. Status of the Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) in Alberta. Alberta Environment, Fisheries and Wildlife Management Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Wildlife Status Report No. 23, Edmonton, AB. 24 pp.



Noss, R.F. and L.D. Harris. 1986. Nodes, networks and MUMs: preserving diversity at all scales. Env. Manage. 10: 299-309.

Noss, R.F., H.B. Quigley, M.G. Hornocker, T. Merril, and P.C. Paquet. 1996. Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology, Vol. 10, No. 4, 949-964.

NPRI. 2009. Environment Canada. National Pollution Release Inventory. http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/websol/querysite/release_details_e.cfm?opt_npri_id=0000017605&opt_report_year=2009 accessed November, 2011

Nyholm, E., 1954–1969. Illustrated moss flora of Fennoscandia. II. Musci. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Lund.

O’Donaghue, M., E. Hofer, and F. I. Doyle. 1995. Predator versus predator. Natural History 104(3): 6-9.

O’Donaghue, M., S. Boutin, C. J. Krebs, and E. J. Hofer. 1997. Numerical responses of coyotes and lynx to the snowshoe hare cycle. Oikos 80: 150-162.

O’Donaghue, M., S. Boutin, C.J. Krebs, G. Zuleta, D.L. Murray, and E.J. Hofer. 1998. Functional responses of coyotes and lynx to the snowshoe hare cycle. Ecology, 79: 1193-1208.

O’Neil, J. and L. Hildebrand. 1986. Fishery Resources Upstream of the Oldman River Dam. Prepared for Alberta Environment by R. L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. Edmonton, Alberta. 131 p + App.

Ohlsson K.E. 1973. New and Interesting Macrolichens of British Columbia. The Bryologist. Vol 76(3). Pp 366-387.

Oil Sands Vegetation Reclamation Committee. 1998. Guidelines for reclation to forest vegetation in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. ISBN 0-7785-0411-5.

Olsen, B.T. 1999. Breeding habitat ecology of the barred owl (Strix varia) at three spatial scales in the boreal mixedwood forest of north-central Alberta. M.Sc.thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 77 pp.

Olson, C.R., Hobson, D.P, and Pybus, M.J. 2011. Changes In Population Size of Bats As A Hibernaculum In Alberta, Canada, In Relation to Cave Disturbance And Access Restrictions. Northwestern Naturalist, 92(3):224-230, published by the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology.

OME. 1987. Organic vs. inorganic arsenic in selected food samples. Report No. 87-48-45000-057. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Hazardous Contaminants Coordination Branch. Cited In: Yost et al., 1998.



Osborne, T. O. 1987. Biology of the Great Gray Owl in interior Alaska. in Biology and conservation of northern forest owls: Symposium proceedings, 1987 February 3-7, Winnipeg, MB. R. W. Nero, R. J. Clark, R. J. Knapton, and R. H. Hamre, (editors) Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-142. U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Stn, Fort Collins, CO.

Osborne, T. O. 1987. Biology of the Great Gray Owl in interior Alaska. in Biology and conservation of northern forest owls: Symposium proceedings, 1987 February 3-7, Winnipeg, MB. R. W. Nero, R. J. Clark, R. J. Knapton, and R. H. Hamre, (editors) Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-142. U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Stn, Fort Collins, CO.

Pace, T.G. 2005. Methodology to Estimate the Transportable Fraction (TF) of Fugitive Dust Emissions for Regional and Urban Scale Air Quality Analyses. EPA Publication: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/invent/transportable_fraction_080305_rev.pdf

Paine, R, T. 1966. Food Web Complexity and Species diversity. American Naturalist. 100:65-75.

Paquet, P. 1993: Ecological studies of recolonizing wolves in the Central Canadian Rocky Mountains, Final Report 1989-1993; John, Paul & Associates.

Paragi, T.F., W.N. Johnson, and D.D. Katnik, and A.J. Magoun. 1997. Selection of post-fire seres by lynx and snowshoe hares in the Alaskan taiga. Northwest Naturalist 78: 77-86.

Parker, G.R. 1981. Winter habitat use and hunting activities of lynx (Lynx canadensis) on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Pages 221-248 in J.A. Chapman and D. Pursley, editors. Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings, August 3-11, 1980. Frostburg, MD.

Parker, Patricia L., and Thomas F. King 1998. National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register, History and Education.

Parks Canada 1996. Parks Canada submission to the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board – Cheviot Mine Project, January 1997.41pp.

Parks, Douglas R., and Raymond J. DeMallie (1992) Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: A Classification. Anthropological Linguistics 34(1/4): 233-255.

Paton J.A. 1999. The liverwort flora of the British Isles: Colchester, Harley Books. Pp 626.

Paul First Nation 2007. Information available at http://www.paulfirstnation.com/default.aspx?ID=0-0, last accessed on November 28, 2007.



Pawluk, S. and L.A. Bayrock, 1969. Some Characteristics and Physical Properties of Alberta Tills. Research Council of Alberta Bulletin, Number 26, Edmonton, Alberta.

Payer, D.C. and D.J. Harrison. 2003. Influence of forest structure on habitat use by American marten in an industrial forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 179: 145-156.

Peck, Trevor R., (2001) Bison Ethology and Native Settlement Patterns During the Old Women’s Phase on the Northwestern Plains. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary.

Peck, Trevor R., (2005) Wimpey Evidence for the Refinement of ‘Mummy Cave Complex’ Projectile Point Systematics on the Alberta Plains. Paper presented at the 63rd Plains Anthropological Conference, Edmonton, Alberta.

Peers, Laura 1994. The Ojibwa of Western Canada, 1780 to 1870. The University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg.

Penner, D.F. 1976. Preliminary baseline investigations of forbearing and ungulate mammals using Lease No. 17. Environmental Research Monograph 1976-3. Prepared by Renewable Resources Consulting Services Ltd. for Syncrude Canada Ltd., Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada.

Peterson, E.B., et al. 1987. Cumulative Effects Assessment in Canada: An Agenda for Action and Research. Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council, Hull, Quebec.

Pettapiece, W.W., 1986. Physiographic Subdivisions of Alberta, 1:1,500,000. Agriculture Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.

Pickard, R., (1986a) An Archaeological Assessment of the Patricia Lakes Site, Jasper National Park. In Eastern Slope Prehistory: Selected Papers, edited by Brian Ronaghan, pp. 121-146. Archaeology Survey of Alberta Occasional Paper No. 30.

Pickard, R., (1986b) An Archaeological Assessment of the Patricia Lake and Day Use Sites, Jasper National Park. Microfiche Report Series 238, Parks Canada, Ottawa.

Pickard, R., (1987) Archaeological Resources Description Canadian National Railway Corridor, Report on File, Archaeological Research Services Unit, Parks Canada, Western Region, Calgary.

Pickard, R., (1988) Jasper National Park Archaeological Resource Description and Analysis. Report on file, Archaeological Research Unit, Parks Canada, Western Region, Calgary.

Pielou, E.C. 1966. Shannon’s formula as a measure of specific diversity: its use and misuse. American Naturalist 100: 463-465.



Pinel, H. W., W. W. Smith, and C.R. Wershler. 1991. Alberta birds, 1971 - 1980. Volume 1. Non-passerines. Provincial Museum of Alberta Natural History Occasional Paper No. 13. Natural History Section, Provincial Museum of Alberta Edmonton, AB.

Pinel, H. W., W. W. Smith, and C.R. Wershler. 1991. Alberta birds, 1971 - 1980. Volume 1. Non-passerines. Provincial Museum of Alberta Natural History Occasional Paper No. 13. Natural History Section, Provincial Museum of Alberta Edmonton, AB.

Piorecky, M. D. 2003. Distribution, abundance and habitat selection of northern pygmy and barred owls along the eastern slopes of the Alberta Rocky Mountains. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary.

Piorecky, M. D., and D. R. C. Prescott. 2004. Distribution, abundance and habitat selection of northern pygmy and barred owls along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Report no.91, Edmonton, AB. 26 pp.

Piorecky, M.D., and D.R.C. Prescott. 2004. Distribution, abundance and habitat selection of northern pygmy and barred owls along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Report no.91, Edmonton, AB. 26 pp.

Pisces Environmental Consulting Services Limited. 2005. Environmental Impact Statement for Fisheries Resources for the Coal Valley Mine Mercoal East Block Phase 2 Extension. Prepared for Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine.

Pisces Environmental Consulting Services Ltd. (Pisces) 2007. “Coal Valley Mine Mercoal West And Yellowhead Tower Extensions, Aquatic Resources Environmental Impact Assessment.” Draft report prepared for Coal Valley Resources Incorporated, December 2007.

Pisces Environmental Consulting Services Ltd. 2004. Environmental Impact Statement for Fisheries Resources for the Coal Valley Mine Meral East Block South Permit Extension. Prepared for Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine.

Pollock, John W., (1978) Prehistoric and Historic Resources Impact Assessments for Alberta Forest Service Campgrounds in Central and Northern Alberta. Final Report, Permit 77-032. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Pontius R.W., and M. Parker. 1973. Food habits of mountain whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni (Girard). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. Vol 102 #9 October 1973.



Poole, Alan F., Rob O. Bierregaard and Mark S. Martell. 2002. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:

Poole, Colin C. and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1990) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, TP 46 & 47, R 19. W5M, Coal Valley Mine East Extension, South of Edson, Alberta, Final Report, Permit 90-084. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Poole, Colin C., and Courtney Cameron, (2008) Coal Valley Resources Inc., Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project, Historical Resources Impact Assessment, TPS 48 and 49 R 21 and TP 49 R 22 All W of 5 M, Near Coalspur, Alberta, Summary Report, Permit 2007-414. Part of Consultant Report #4, Historical Resources in Coal Valley Mine, Mercoal West and Yellowhead Tower Mine Extension Project, Project Application, Volume 3. Report on file, Coal Valley Resources Inc.

Poole, Colin C., Terry Beaulieu, and Brian Beaulieu, (1999) Historical Resources Impact Assessment Coal Valley Mine Extension - South Block and West Extension Areas Coal Mine. Townships 47 & 48, Ranges 19 to 21, W of 5th M near Edson, Alberta Volume I; Volume II (Appendices - Tables, Figures, Feature Figures, Plates); Volume III (Appendices - E. Alberta Community Development Letter of Requirements, Including Schedule A, Site Data Inventory Forms, Feature Forms, Artifact Catalogue): Final Report, ASA Permit 98-111. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Poole, K.G. 1994. Characteristics of an unharvested lynx population during a snowshoe hare decline. Journal of Wildlife Management 58: 608-618.

Poole, K.G. and G. Mowat. 2001. Alberta furbearer harvest analysis. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division. Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 31, Edmonton, Alberta. 51pp.

Poole, K.G., A.D. Porter., A. deVries., C.Maundrell., S.D. Grindal. and C.C. St. Clair. 2004. Suitability of a young deciduous-dominated forests for American marten and the effects of forest removal. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82:423-435.

Poole, K.G., L.A. Wakelyn, and P.N. Nicklen. 1996. Habitat selection by lynx in the Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74: 845-850.

Postovit, H. R., and B. C. Postovit. 1987. Impacts and mitigation techniques. Pages 183-213 in Pendleton, B. A. G., B. A. Millsap, K. W. Cline, and D. M. Bird (eds). Raptor management techniques manual. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC.

Potvin, F., R. Courtois. And L. Belanger. 1999. Short-term response of wildlife to clear-cutting in Quebec boreal forests: multi-scale effects and management implications. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 29: 1120-1127.



Poulin, R. G., S. D. Grindel, and R. M. Brigham. 1996. Common Nighthawk. The Birds of North America. No. 213. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philedelphia, and The American Ornithologists= Union, Washington, D.C. 19pp.

Poulton, T.P., J.E. Christopher, B.J.R. Hayes, J. Losert, J. Tittemore, and R.D. Gilchrist, (1994) Chapter 18: Jurassic and Lowermost Cretaceous Strata in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. In Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, G.D. Mossop and I. Shetson (comp.), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Research Council, Calgary, Alberta, out-of-print, but available on-line at URL: <http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca/publications/ATLAS_WWW/ATLAS.shtml>, [last accessed March 10, 2005].

Powell, R.A. 1993. The fisher: life history, ecology and behavior. 2nd edition. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Powell, R.A. and W. J. Zielinski. 1994. Fisher. Pages 38-73, in Ruggerio, L.F., K. B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, L.J. Lyon and W. J. Zielinski (eds.). The Scientific Basis for Conserving Forest Carnivores, American Marten, Fisher, Lynx and Wolverine in the Western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-254. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA.

Power Plant Construction Noise Emissions. Allan M. Teplitzky& Eric W. Wood, Internoise ’78 Conference Proceedings, pp 279 – 284.

Powers, R.F., (2002) Effect of Soil Disturbance on the Fundamental, Sustainable Productivity of Managed Forests. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech Rep. PSW-GTR-183. Pages 63 to 81.

Prescott, D. R. C., and R.R. Bjorge. 1999. Status of the Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) in Alberta. Alberta Environment, Fisheries and Wildlife Management Division , and Alberta Conservation Association. Wildlife Status Report No. 24. Edmonton, AB. 28pp.

Preston, C. R., and R. D. Beane. 1993. Red-tailed Hawk, (Buteo jamaicensis). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America. Number 52. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, and American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C., USA.

Preston, C. R., and R. D. Beane. 1993. Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). in The birds of North America, No. 52 (A. Poole, and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.

Pritchard, G.T. and C.T. Robbins. 1989. Digestive and metabolic efficiencies of grizzly and black bears. Can. J. Zool. 68: 1645-1651.



Province of Alberta, (2005) Conservation and Reclamation Regulation. Alberta Regulation 115/93. Of Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Chapter E-12. Queen's Printer for Alberta, Edmonton. 17 pp.

Province of Alberta, (2007) Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Chapter E-12. Queen's Printer for Alberta, Edmonton. 162 pp.

Province of Alberta, 1992. Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act

Province of Alberta, 2005. Conservation and Reclamation Regulation. Alberta Regulation 115/93. Of Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Chapter E-12. Queen's Printer for Alberta, Edmonton. 17 pp.

Quigg, J. Michael, and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1975) Archaeological Salvage Investigations, Alberta Highways and Transport Construction Projects, Crowsnest Pass, Hwys 3, 507, 922: West of Lundbreck-West of Burmis. Consultant’s report for the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Recreation, on file, Lifeways of Canada Limited.

R. v. Powley, (2003) [2003] 2 S.C.R. 207, 2003 SCC 43

Rabinowitz D. 1981. Seven Forms of Rarity. In The Biological Aspects of Rare Plant Conservation: John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. Pp 205-217.

Raleigh, R.F., T. Hickman, R.C. Solomon, and P.C Nelson. 1984. Habitat suitability information: Rainbow Trout. US Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/10.60. 64pp

Ralph, C. J., S. Sroege, and J. R. Sauer (technical eds.) 1995. Monitoring bird populations by point counts. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-149. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA.

RAMP. 2005. RAMP Technical design and rationale document. Prepared for the RAMP Steering Committee by Hatfield Consultants Ltd., Stantec Consulting Ltd., Mack, Slack, and Associates Inc., and Western Resource Solutions. November 2005.

RCMP (2011a) Edson RCMP, Sargeant Jack Poitras, Constable Theresa Nelson. Telephone Interview, November 25.

RCMP (2011b) Hinton RCMP, Staff Sargeant Blair McDonald. Telephone Interview, October 19.

Reeves, Brian O.K. and Edward J. McCullough, (1976) Archaeological Reconnaissance, Alberta Transportation Highway Construction Program – Transitional Parkland and Boreal Forest, ASA Permit 76-020. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Reeves, Brian O.K. and John Dormaar, (1972) A Partial Holocene Pedological and Archaeological Record from the Southern Alberta Rocky Mountains. Arctic and Alpine Research 4:325-336.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1969) The Southern Alberta Paleo-Cultural-Paleo-Environmental Sequence. In Post-Pleistocene Man and His Environment on the Northern Plains. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Paleo-Environmental Workshop of the University of Calgary Archaeological Association, pp. 6-66, edited by R.G. Forbis, L.B. Davis, O.A. Christensen, and G. Fedirchuk.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1970) Working Papers in the Metric and Nonmetric Description and Classification of Chipped Stone Tools, 3rd Edition. Manuscript on file, Lifeways of Canada Limited.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1972) The Archaeology of Pass Creek Valley, Waterton Lakes National Park, Volume 2. National Historic Sites Service Manuscript Report 61, Ottawa.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1973) The Concept of an Altithermal Hiatus in Northern Plains Prehistory. American Anthropologist 75(5): 1221-1253.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1976a) [Coal Valley] Impact of Archaeological Resources, ASA Permit 75-050. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1976b) Historical Site Impact Assessment, Calgary Power Ltd., Edson-Coal Valley 138 kV Transmission Lines 740L and 743L. ASA Permit 76-076. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (1976c) Historical Resources Inventory Report, Cardinal River Coals Ltd., Luscar Coal Lease Area. ASA Permit 76-053. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (2000) Mistakis: The People and Their Land The Past 10,000 Years. Glacier National Park Archaeological Inventory and Assessment Program 1993-1996. Final Technical Draft Report on file, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, Montana.

Reeves, Brian O.K., (n.d.) 1972 Archaeological Investigations in the Bighorn Reservoir. Manuscript in possession of the author.

Reeves, Brian O.K., and Claire Bourges, (2002) Weldwood (Hinton Division) Forestry Management Agreement, Historical Resources Overview/Assessment and Proposed Management Plan. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Reeves, Brian, O.K., Claire Bourges, Carmen Olson and Amanda Dow, (2001) City of Calgary Native Archaeological Site Inventory. Final Report on file, City of Calgary.



Reeves, Brian. O.K., Marie Murray, Thayer Smith, Jon Driver, and Jim Calder, (1976) Archaeological Salvage Investigations, Alberta Highways and Transport Construction Projects, Hwy 3: West of Coleman and Bellevue/Maple Leaf Area. Consultants report for Alberta Culture, The Archaeological Survey of Alberta, on file, Lifeways of Canada Limited.

Renkema K. (2011). M.Sc. Navus Environmental Inc. Personal communication. October 4, 2011.

Rex, J. 2007. MPB, Riparian Retention, and the Loss of Summer Ground: An Overview of Projects from the Central Interior. BC Ministry of Forests and Range.

Reynolds R. T., R. T. Graham, M. H. Reiser, R. L. Bassett, P .L. Kennedy, D. A. Boyce, G. Goodwin, R. Smith, E. L. Fisher. 1992. Management recommendations for the northern goshawk in the southwestern United States. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station and US Forest Service General Technical Report RM-217. 90pp.

Reynolds R. T., R. T. Graham, M. H. Reiser, R. L. Bassett, P .L. Kennedy, D. A. Boyce, G. Goodwin, R. Smith, E. L. Fisher. 1992. Management recommendations for the northern goshawk in the southwestern United States. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station and US Forest Service General Technical Report RM-217. 90pp.

Richardson, G.M. and O’Connor Associates Environmental Inc. 1997. Compendium of Canadian Human Exposure Factors for Risk Assessment. 1155-2720 Queensview Dr., Ottawa, Ontario.

Ridington, Robin, (1981) Beaver. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 6, Subarctic, edited by June Helm, pp. 350-360. Washington, Smithsonian Institution.

Ritchison, G. 1999. Downy Woodpecker. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg.

RMERF (Rocky Mountain Eagle Research Foundation), www.eaglewatch.ca [Accessed November 2007].

Roberts M., Frego K. 2005. Tree Islands: Leave Patches as Refugia for Vascular Plants and Bryophytes in Harvest Blocks. Fundy Model Forest and Natural Resources Canada. Final report for fiscal year: 2004-2005.

Roberts, W. 1988. The sculpins of Alberta. Alberta Naturalist. 18:121-127, 153

Robertson, M.J., D.A. Scruton, R.S. Gregory, and K.D. Clarke. 2006. Effect of Suspended Sediment on Freshwater Fish and Fish Habitat. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2644: v + 37 pp.



Roe, Jason, (2005a) The Embarras Bipoint: A Preliminary Look at a Stone Tool Found in the Foothills and on the Plains of Alberta. Paper presented at the 63rd Plains Anthropological Conference, Edmonton, Alberta.

Roe, Jason, (2005b) Making and Understanding Embarras Bipoints: The Replication and Operational Sequencing of a Newly Defined Diagnostic Stone Tool from the Eastern Slopes of Alberta. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Chacmool Conference, Calgary, Alberta.

Roe, Jason, (2009a) Making and Understanding Embarras Bipoints: The Replication and Operational Sequencing of a Stone Tool Type from the Eastern Slopes of Alberta. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.

Roe, Jason, (2009b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Hinton Wood Products, A Division of West Fraser Mills Ltd., Hinton Wood Products FMA 2009 Developments, Final Report, Permit 09-151. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Roe, Jason, (2009c) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Coal Valley Resources Incorporated, Coal Valley Mine, Robb Trend Explorations, Final Report, Permit 2009-113. Report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Roe, Jason, (2010) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Coal Valley Resources Inc., Coal Valley Mine, Robb Trend Extension and FgQe-66 Mitigation. Final Report, Permit 2009-180. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Roed, Murray A., (1968) Surficial Geology of the Edson-Hinton Area, Alberta. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geology, University of Alberta.

Roever, C.L. 2007. Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L.) selection of roaded habitats in a multi-use landscape. Master of Science thesis. University of Alberta. 124 pp.

Romito, T., K. Smith, B. Beck, J. Beck, M. Todd, R. Bonar, and R. Quinlan. 1999. Moose Winter Habitat. Habitat suitability index model. Version 5. Foothills Model Forest. Hinton, AB.

Ronaghan, Brian and Don Hanna, (1982) Final Report, Conservation Excavation of Carson Pegasus Park GbPv 1 and GbPv 2. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Ronaghan, Brian M., (1982a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Mercoal Thermal Coal Project, ASA Permit 81-128. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Ronaghan, Brian M., (1982b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, McLeod River Thermal Coal Project, ASA Permit 81-127. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.



Ronaghan, Brian M., (1986) The Status of Prehistoric Research in Alberta’s Eastern Slopes. In Brian Ronaghan (ed.), Eastern Slopes Prehistory: Selected Papers, pp. 269-352. Archaeological Survey of Alberta Occasional Paper No. 30.

Ronaghan, Brian M., (1992) An Archaeological Assessment of the Burmis Lundbreck Corridor, Southern Alberta Foothills, ASA Permit 85-43. Report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Ronaghan, Brian M., (1993) The James Pass Project: Early Holocene Occupation in the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 17:85-91.

Ronaghan, Brian M., Alison Landals, and Gwyn Langeman, (1982) Final Report, Conservation Excavations at DjPq-2, a Stratified Campsite in the Upper Crowsnest Pass. Consultant’s Report for Alberta Natural Gas Company, on File, Lifeways of Canada Limited.

Ronaghan, Brian M., and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1981) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Denison Robb Proposed Coal Project, ASA Permit 81-114. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Ronaghan, Brian, Don Hanna, and Sharon Thorpe, (1983) Genesee Power Project Historical Resources Impact Assessment and Conservation Studies, Final Report, Permits 82-10, 82-22, and 82-62. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Rood, Stewart, 2006. Flowing to the Future: Declining Streamflows of Alberta’s Rocky Mountain Rivers. Canadian Water Resources Association. Alberta Branch 2006 Conference.

Roosa, D., & Eilers, L. (1978). Endangered and threatened Iowa vascular plants. Des Moines, Iowa: State Conservation Commission. 91 pp.

Roots, F. 1994. Some concepts and issues surrounding the place of science in assessment of impacts on the environment. In: Higgs, E., Richardson, M., and Riewe, R., eds. The role of science in environmental impact assessment. Edmonton: Workshop proceedings published by Athabasca University and the Canadian Circumpolar Institute. 1-10.

Rosenburg, K.V. and M.G. Raphael. 1986. Effects of forest fragmentation on vertebrates in Douglas-fir forests. Pages 263-272 IN: J. Verner, M.L. Morrison and C.J. Ralph (Eds.), Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. University of Wisconsin Press. Madison, WI.

Rosendahl C.O. 1947. Studies in Chrysosplenium with species reference to the taxonomic status and distribution of C. iowense. Rhodora. Vol 49. Pp 25–35.

Ross, Toni, (1974) Oh! The Coal Branch. Published by Mrs. Toni Ross: Edmonton.



Roy, D. R., J. B. Stelfox, and J. W. Nolan. 1995. Relationships between mammal biodiversity and stand age and structure in aspen mixed wood forests in Alberta. Pages 159-189 in Stelfox, J.B. (editor). Relationships between stand age, stand structure and biodiversity in aspen mixed wood forests in Alberta. Jointly published by Alberta Environmental Centre (AECV95-R1), Vegreville, Alberta and Canadian Forest Service (Project No. 0001 A), Edmonton, AB. 308 pp.

Roy, S., Adhikari G.R., and Singh T.N. 2010. Development of Emission Factors for Quantification of Blasting Dust at Surface Coal Mines. Journal of Environmental Protection No. 1, 346-361.

Royal Alberta Museum, (2006) Archaeology: Research: James Pass. Web page available at http://www.royalalbertamuseum.ca/human/archaeo/research/james.htm. Last accessed on May 21, 2010.

Ruggiero, L. F., K. B. Aubry, S. W. Buskirk, L. J. Lyon, and W. J. Zielinski (eds). 1994. The Scientific basis for conserving forest carnivores: American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine in the Western United States. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-254. Fort Collins, CO. 184 pp.

Russel, A. P., and A. M. Bauer. 1993. The amphibians and reptiles of Alberta. University of Calgary and University of Alberta Press.

Russell, A. P., and A. M. Bauer. 1993. The amphibians and reptiles of Alberta. University of Calgary, Calgary and University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, AB.

Sadler, T. S. and M. T. Myres. 1976. Alberta birds, 1961-1970. Provincial Museum of Alberta Natural History Occasional Papers, No. 1, Edmonton Alberta.

Sadler, T. S., and M. T. Myres 1976. Alberta birds 1961-1970. Provincial Museum of Alberta. Natural History Section. Occas. Paper No. 1.

Salt, W. R., and J. R. Salt. 1976. The birds of Alberta. Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, AB. 498pp.

Salt, W. R., and J. R. Salt. 1976. The birds of Alberta. Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, AB. 498 pp.

Samuel, M. D., R. K. Steinhorst, E. O. Garton, and J. W. Unsworth. 1992. Estimation of wildlife population ratios incorporating survey design and visibility bias. Journal of Wildlife Management. Vol. 56(4):718-725

Samuel, M. D., R. K. Steinhorst, E. O. Garton, and J. W. Unsworth. 1992. Estimation of wildlife population ratios incorporating survey design and visibility bias. Journal of Wildlife Management. Vol. 56(4):718-725.

Santamaria, A.B. and Sulsky, S.I. 2010. Risk Assessment of an Essential Element: Manganese. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 73: 128-155.



Sass-Gyarmati A., Pócs T., Orbáni S. 2005. Contribution to the knowledge of the Bryoflora of Detunata Nature Reserve (Metaliferi Mountains, Transylvania). Studia Bot. Hung. Vol 36. Pp 123-130.

Saxberg, Nancy R. and Brian O.K. Reeves, (2003) The First 2000 Years of Oil Sands History: Ancient Hunters at the Northwest Outlet of Glacial Lake Agassiz. In Archaeology in Alberta: A View from the New Millennium, edited by Jack W. Brink and John F. Dormaar, pp. 290-322. Archaeological Society of Alberta, Medicine Hat.

Saxberg, Nancy, Mack W. Shortt, and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1998) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Aurora Mine North, Utility and Access Road Corridors, Final Report, Permit 97-043. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Schaffer, W. 1997. Northern Goshawk habitat characterization in Central Alberta. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Printed by Foothills Model Forest, Hinton, AB.

Schaffer, W., B. Beck, J. Beck, R. Bonar, and L. Hunt. 1999. Northern Goshawk reproductive habitat. Habitat suitability index model. Version 3. Foothills Model Forest. Hinton, Ab.

Schmiegelow, F. K. A., C. S. Machtans, and S. J. Hannon. 1997 Are boreal birds resilient to forest fragmentation? An experimental study of short-term community responses. Ecology 78:1914-1932.

Schneider R.R. 2002. Alternative Futures: Alberta’s Boreal Forest at the Crossroads. The Federation of Alberta Naturalists. Edmonton, AB. Pp 152.

Schofield, W. 1998. Rare bryophytes. In: Conference proceedings – Living on the edge: a symposium on the rare plants of British Columbia. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Schofield, W. B. 1992. Some Common Mosses of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum Handbook. Victoria. British Columbia. 394 pp.

Schoof, R.A., Yost, LY., Eickhoff, J., Crecelius, E.A., Cragin, D.W., Meacher, D.M., and Menzel, D.B. 1999. A Market Basket Survey of Inorganic Arsenic in Food. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 37, 839-846.

Schuster R.M. 1953. Boreal Hepaticae. A manual of the liverworts of Minnesota and adjacent regions. American Midland Naturalist. Vol 49. Pp 257-684.

Schuster, R.M. 1966-92. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, east of the hundredth meridian. Vols. 1-4, Columbia University Press, New York. Vols. 5-6, The Field Museum, Chicago.



Schwab, B.L. 2003. Graph theoretic methods of examining landscape connectivity and spatial movement patterns: Application to the FMF Grizzly Bear Research Project. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

Scire, J. and C. Escoffier-Czaja. 2004. CALPUFF Training Course, Canadian Prairie and Northern Section of the Air and Waste Management Association. 843 pp.

Scire, J.S., D.G. Strimaitis and R.J. Yamartino. 2000. A User’s Guide for the CALPUFF Model (Version 5.0). Concord, MA: Earth Technologies Inc.

Scmiegelow, F. K. A., C. S. Machtans, and S. J. Hannon. 1997 Are boreal birds resilient to forest fragmentation? An experimental study of short-term community responses. Ecology 78:1914-1932.

Scott, W.B, and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Fresh Water Fishes of Canada. The Bryant Press Limited. 848 pp +Appendices.

Seglund, A. E. 1995. The use of resting sites by the Pacific fisher. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.

Seidel, K. 1982. Phase II Survey of Mercoal Creek. Energy and Natural Resources, Fish and Wildlife Division. Edson, Alberta. 25 p.

Semenchuk, G. P. (ed.). 1992. The atlas of the breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, AB. 391 pp.

Semenchuk, G. P. (ed.). 1992. The atlas of the breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, AB. 391 pp.

Seneca Michael, 2004. Trends in Historical Annual Flows for Major Rivers in Alberta. Alberta Environment, Edmonton, Alberta.

Serheen, C., J. Waller, and W. Kasworm. 1998. Fragmentation effect of high-speed highways on grizzly bear populations shared between the United States and Canada. Pages 97-103 in International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation. Florida Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation; U.S. Forest Service and Defenders of Wildlife.

Servheen, C. and P. Sandstrom. 1993. Human activities and linkage zones for grizzly bears in the Swan-Clearwater Valleys, Montana. University of Montana, Missoula, 59812 (unpublished).

Servheen, C., J. Waller, and W. Kasworm. 1998. Fragmentation effect of high-speed highways on grizzly bear populations shared between the United States and Canada. Pages 97-103 in International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation. Florida Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation; U.S. Forest Service and Defenders of Wildlife.



Servheen,C. 1990. The status and conservation of the bears of the world. Int.Conf.Bear Res. and Manage. Monograph Series No.2. 32pp.

Shannon, C. and W. Weaver. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press. Urbana, Illinois.

Shaw, A.J. 1982. Pohlia Hedw. (Musci) in North and Central America and the West Indies. Contributions of the University of Michigan Herbarium 15: 219-295.

Sheldon, A, L. 1984. Colonization dynamics of aquatic insects. In The Ecology of Aquatic Insects. Edited by V.H. Resh and D.M. Rosenberg, Praeger Publishers, New York. pp 401-429.

Shepard, B.B., S.A. Leathe., T.M. Weaver., M.D. Enk. 1984. Monitoring Levels of Fine Sediments Within Tributaries to Flathead Lake, and Impacts of Fine Sediments on Bull Trout Recruitment. Wild Trout III Symposium.

Shepherd, B., and J. Whittington 2006. Response of wolves to corridor restoration and human use management. Ecology and Society 11(2): 1.

Sherrington, P. 2000. Western mountain continental flyway. Hawk Migr. Assoc. N. Am. Hawk Migr. Stud. 26:101-119.

Short, L. L. 1965. Hybridization in the flickers (Colaptes) of North America. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 129:307-428.

Short, L. L. 1974. Habits and interactions of North American Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus and Picoides tridactylus). Am. Mus. Novit. 2547:1-42.

Shortt, Mack W., Nancy Saxberg, and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1998) Aurora Mine North East Pit Opening, Plant Site, Tailings, and Related Workings HRIA and Mitigation Studies Interim Report, Permit 97-116. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Sigler, W.F. 1951. The life history and management of the mountain whitefish Prosopium Williamsoni (Girard) in Logan River Utah. Bulletin 247. Utah State Agricultural College, Logan Utah.

Simpson, K., D. Hatler, J. Stroman, I. Hatter, and J. P. Kelsall. 1993. Aerial inventory of large mammals in British Columbia, a manual. Prepared for British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. 163pp.

Skeels, Lydia (1968) Location of the Indian Tribes at First White Contact in Alberta. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Calgary.



Skinner and Todd. 1988. In Johnston, S.M., L.M. Ciarniello and D. A. Westworth. 1996. Status report of carnivores in the Yellowhead Region. Prep. for Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division, by Westworth, Brusnyk and Associates Ltd. 148 pp.

Skinner, D.L. and D.A. Westworth. 1981. Preliminary studies of mammals in the Project 80 study area. Prepared for Canstar Oil Sands Ltd. by D. A. Westworth & Associates, Edmonton, Alberta.

Slough, B.G., and G. Mowat. 1996. Population dynamics of lynx in a refuge and interactions between harvested and unharvested populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 60: 946-961.

Smith, H. C. 1993. Alberta mammals, an atlas and guide. The Provincial Museum of Alberta.

Smith, H. C. 1993. Alberta mammals, an atlas and guide. The Provincial Museum of Alberta. Edmonton, AB. 238pp.

Smith, James G.E. (1981) Western Woods Cree. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 6, Subartctic, edited by June Helm, pp. 256-270. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Smith, Kimberly G., Sara Ress Wittenberg, R. Bruce Macwhirter and Keith L. Bildstein. 2011. Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/210doi:10.2173/bna.210

Smith, N.M., Lee, R., Heitkemper, D.T., DeNicola Cafferky, K., Haque, A., and Henderson, A.K. 2006. Inorganic arsenic in cooked rice and vegetables from Bangladeshi households. Science of the Total Environment. 370, 294-301.

Smith, W.R. (1981). Status report: Chrysosplenium iowense Rydb., Minnesota Heritage Program, 4 pp.

Snyder, Inspector A.E. (1898) North-West Mounted Police Patrol Edmonton to Jasper House Athabasca District 1897. Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa.

Söderström L., Hedenäs L. 1998. Check lista över Sveriges mossor. Myrinia Vol 8. Pp 58–90.

Soil Classification Working Group, (1998) The Canadian System of Soil Classification, 3rd Edition. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.

Soil Classification Working Group, (1998) The Canadian System of Soil Classification. Agric, and Agri-Food Can. Publ. 1646 (Revised), 187 pp.



Soil Quality Criteria Working Group, 1987. Soil Quality Criteria Relative to Disturbance and Reclamation (Revised). Alberta Agriculture. Reprinted November 1993. 56 pp.

Soil Resources of the Mercoal East – Phase 2 Study Area. March 2005. Report prepared for Luscar Ltd. - Coal Valley Mine by Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd.

Somer, Brad, (2005) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Alberta Newsprint Company, Alberta Newsprint FMA and W-6 Quota, 2004 Field Studies, Final Report, Permit 2004-313. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Somer, Brad, (2006a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Alberta Newsprint Company, Alberta Newsprint FMA and W-6 Quota, 2005 Field Studies, Final Report, Permit 2005-427. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Somer, Brad, (2006b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundre Forest Products 2005 Field Studies, Final Report, Permit 2005-561. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Somer, Brad, (2007a) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundre Forest Products, 2006 Field Studies, Final Report, Permit 2006-407. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Somer, Brad, (2007b) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Sundance Forest Industries Limited, 2006 Field Studies, Final Report, Permit 2006-465. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Sonntag, N.C., et al. 1987. Cumulative Effects Assessment: A Context for Further Research and Development. Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council, Hull, Quebec

South Coast AQMD. 1996. Improvement of Specific Emission Factors (BACM Project 1), Contract No. 95040.

Soutiere, E.C. 1979. Effects of timber harvesting on marten in Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management 43:850-860.

Species at Risk Act. 2003. Government of Canada.

Spencer, W.D., R.H. Barret, and W.J. Fielinski. 1983. Marten habitat preferences in the northern Sierra Nevada. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:1181-1186.

Spencer, W.D., R.H. Barret, and W.J. Fielinski. 1983. Marten habitat preferences in the northern Sierra Nevada. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:1181-1186.



Spivak, J., (1949) Jurassic Sections in Foothills of Alberta and Northeastern British Columbia. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 33: 533-546.

Spribille T. 2006. Materials for an Epiphytic Crust Lichen Flora of Northwest North America. Thesis, Albrecht von Haller Institut, University of Goettingen, Germany

Squires, J.R., N.J. Decesare, J.A. Kolbe, and L.F. Ruggiero. 2010. Seasonal resource selection of Canada lynx in managed forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(8):1648-1660.

SRC (Syracuse Research Corporation). 2011. Interactive PhysProp Database Demo. SRC Inc., 2011. Available at: http://www.syrres.com/what-we-do/databaseforms.aspx?id=386

Stanley, E.H., D.L. Buschman, A.J. Boulton, N.B. Grimm, and S.G. Fisher. 1994. Invertebrate resistance and resilience to intermittency in a desert stream. American Midland Naturlaist 131(2) 288-300)

Staples W.R. 1995. Lynx and coyote diet and habitat relationships during a low hare population on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.

Stats Can (1996) Statistics Canada. 1996 Federal Census.

Stats Can (2001) Statistics Canada. 2001. Federal Census.



Stednick, J. D. and C.A. Troendle, 2004. Water yield and timber harvesting practices in the subalpine forests of the Central Rocky Mountains. Chapter 7. In: A Century of Forest and Wildland Watershed lessons. G.G. Ice and J.D. Stednick Editors. Society of American Foresters.

Stednick, John D., 1996. Monitoring the Effects of Timber Harvest on Annual Water Yield. Journal of Hydrology. 176:79-95.

Steeger, C., M. M. Machmer, and E. Walters. 1996. Ecology and management of woodpeckers

Steeger, C., M. M. Machmer, and E. Walters. 1996. Ecology and management of woodpeckers and wildlife trees in British Columbia. Environment Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, BC. 23pp.



Steer, Don, (1981) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Nova Hanlan (Robb) Lateral Pipeline, Final Report Permit 81-92. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Stelfox, B. 1969. In Johnston, S.M., L.M. Ciarniello and D. A. Westworth. 1996. Status report of carnivores in the Yellowhead Region. Prep. for Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division, by Westworth, Brusnyk and Associates Ltd. 148 pp.

Stenhouse, G. and K. Graham. 2005. Foothills Model Forest Grizzly Bear Research Program 1999-2003 Final Report. 289 pp.

Stenhouse, G. and R. Munro. 2002. Foothills Model Forest Grizzly Bear Research Project 2001 Annual Report.

Stenhouse, G., and R. Munro. 2002. Foothills Model Forest grizzly bear research program 2001 annual report. Foothills Model Forest, Hinton, AB. 127pp.

Stenhouse, G., M. Boyce, and J. Boulanger. 2004. Report on Alberta grizzly bear assessment of allocation. 40 pp.

Stephenson, R.O. 1986. Development of lynx population estimation techniques. Alaska Dep. Fish and Game. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration. Final Report, Project W-22-5, Jo 7.12R. Juneau.

Sterling. 1986. An evaluation of Spawning Habitat and Fry escapement of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) before logging in the Tri-Creeks Watershed of West-Central Alberta. Alberta Energy and Natural Resources Fish and Wildlife Division.

Stevens, S. and J. Duval. 2005. Ecology of grizzly bears in the Cheviot, Luscar and Gregg River mine areas (1999-2004). Submitted to Elk Valley Coal Corporation, Cardinal River Operations and Foothills Model Forest Grizzly Bear Research Project. 111 pp.

Stevenson R.J. and R.L. Lowe. 1986. Sampling and Interpretation of Algal Patterns for Water Quality Assessments. In: Rationale for Sampling and Interpretation of Ecological Data in the Assessment of Freshwater Ecosystmes. ASTM STP 894. pp. 118-149.

Steventon, J.D. and J.T. Major. 1982. Marten use of habitat in commercially clear-cut forest. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:175-182.

Stewart, Matthew, (2010) Untitled Master’s Thesis to be defended Summer 2010, Department of Archaeology, University of Saskatchewan.



Stockdale C. 2011. Disturbance regimes of the North Saskatchewan Regional Plan area: A state-of-knowledge report on fire regimes and disturbance of forests, grassland, and ecotones. Burning EcoLogic in contract to Foothills Research Institute. Government of Alberta. Edmonton, AB.

Strategic Advisory Panel on Selenium Management. 2010. A strategic plan for the management of selenium at Teck coal operations.

Stringham, S.F. 1990. Grizzly bear reproductive rate relative to body size. Int. Conf. Bear Res. And Manage. 8: 433-443.

Strong W.L 1998. Vegetation survey of reclaimed lands within the Luscar Sterco Coal Valley mine. Ecological Land Surveys Ltd. Calgary, AB. Pp 52.

Strong W.L. 1999. Botanical, vegetation and ecological resource survey of the proposed Coal Valley II mine extension and subregional ecosection classification. Ecological Land Surveys Ltd. Calgary, AB. Pp 12.

Strong W.L. 2000. Vegetation development on reclaimed lands in the Coal Valley Mine of western Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany. 78:1. Pp 110-118.

Strong W.L., Leggat K.R. 1992. Ecoregions of Alberta. Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Edmonton, AB. Pub. No. T/245.

Strong, W. L. 1999. Botanical, vegetation and ecological resource survey of the proposed Coal Valley II mine expansion and subregional ecosection classification. prepared for Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine, Edson. prepared by Ecological Land Surveys Ltd. 113pp.

Strong, W. L. and H.G Anderson 1980. Ecological Land Classification and Evaluation Reference Manual. Alberta Energy and Natural Resources, Edmonton, Alberta.

Strong, W. L. and J.M. Thompson. 1995. Ecodistricts of Alberta: Summary of Biophysical Attributes. Alberta Environmental Protection Publication No. T/319, Edmonton, AB.

Strong, W., 1998. Vegetation Survey of Reclaimed Lands within the Luscar Sterco Coal Valley Mine. Ecological Land Surveys Ltd.

Strong, W.L. 2000. Vegetation development on reclaimed lands in the Coal Valley Mine of western Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 78: 110 – 118.

Strong, W.L., (1992) Ecoregions and Ecodistricts of Alberta. Prepared by W.L. Strong Ecological Land Surveys Ltd. Published by Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife.

Strong, W.L., (1994) Review of Vegetation on Reclaimed Rock Dumps at Luscar, Alberta. 13 pp.



Strong, W.L., (1996) Botanical Vegetation and Ecological Survey of the Proposed Coal Valley 2 Mine Expansion. Prepared for Luscar Ltd. by Ecological Land Surveys Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta.

Strong, W.L., (1998) Vegetation Survey of Reclaimed Lands within the Luscar Sterco Coal Valley Mine. Prepared for Luscar Sterco (1977) Ltd. by Ecological Land Surveys Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta. 52pp.

Strong, W.L., (1999) Botanical, Vegetation and Ecological Resource Survey of the Proposed Coal Valley II Mine Extension and Subregional Ecosection Classification. Prepared for Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine by Ecological Land Surveys Ltd., Calgary, Alberta.

Sundance Forest Indestries Ltd. 2008. Forest Management Plan Mountain Pine Beetle Ammendment.

Swanson, R.H. and Hillman, 1977. Predicted Increased Water Yield After Clearcutting Verified in West-Central Alberta. Canadian Department of Fisheries and Environment, Canadian Forest. Service, Northern Forest Research Center, Information Report NOR-X-198.

Swanson, R.H., D.L. Golding, R.L. Rothwell and P.Y. Bernier, 1986. Hydrologic Effects of Clear-cutting at Marmot Creek and Streeter Creek Watershed, Alberta, Can. Canadian Forest. Service, Northern Forest Research Center, Information Report NOR-X-278.

Switalski, A.T., 2006. How Many is Too Many: A Review of Road Density Thresholds for Wildlife. Road-RIPorter Issue:Winter Solstice 2006, Volume 11 #4 http://www.wildlandscpr.org/biblio-notes/how-many-too-many-review-road-densitythresholds-wildlife

Symbaluk, M.D. 2008. Testing landscape modeling approaches for environmental impact assessment of mining land use on grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the foothills region of west-central Alberta. MSc. Thesis, Royal Roads University. 112 pp.

Tajek, J., W.W. Pettapiece and K.E. Toogood, 1985. Water Erosion Potential of Soils in Alberta using a Modified USLE. Agric Can. Tech. Bull. No, 1985-29, Ottawa. 35p.

Takats, D. L, C. M. Francis, G. L. Holroyd, J. R. Duncan, K. M. Mazur, R. J. Cannings, W. Harris, and D. Holt. 2001. Guidelines for nocturnal owl monitoring in North America. Beaverhill Bird Observatory and Bird Studies Canada, Edmonton, AB 32pp.

Takats, D. L, C. M. Francis, G. L. Holroyd, J. R. Duncan, K. M. Mazur, R. J. Cannings, W. Harris, and D. Holt. 2001. Guidelines for nocturnal owl monitoring in North America. Beaverhill Bird Observatory and Bird Studies Canada, Edmonton, AB 32pp.



Takats, D. L. 1998. Barred owl habitat use and distribution in the Foothills Model Forest. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 139 pp.

Takats, L., R. Stewart, M. Todd, R. Bonar, J. Beck, B. Beck, and R. Quinlan. 1999. American marten winter habitat: Habitat suitability index model version 5. 8 pp.

Takats-Priestley, L. 2004. The barred owl, Strix varia in Alberta: distribution and status. The Canadian Field Naturalist 118: 215-224.

Tanaka, P.A., Yeung, D.L. and Anderson, G.H. 1987. Infant feeding practices: 1984-1985 versus 1977-1978. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 136, 940-944.

Taylor, C.J. (2009) Jasper: A History of the Place and Its People. Fifth House Ltd., Markham.

Taylor, John L., (1985) Treaty Research Report, Treaty Six (1876). Treaties and Historical Research Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Manuscript available from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.

Teit, James (1909)The Shushwap. In Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, Volume 2: 448-594.

Telfer, E. S. 1984. Circumpolar distribution and habitat requirements of Moose (Alces alces). Pages 145-182 in Olson, R., Geddes, F., and Hastings, R. (editors). Northern Ecology and Resource Management. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, AB.

Telfer, E. S. 1984. Circumpolar distribution and habitat requirements of Moose (Alces alces). Pages 145-182 in Olson, R., Geddes, F., and Hastings, R. (editors). Northern Ecology and Resource Management. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, AB.

Terres, J. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American Birds. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Teti, P. 1998. Effects of Forest Practices on Stream Temperature A Review of the Literature. BC Ministry of Forests, Cariboo Forest Region. Williams Lake, BC.

The Flora of North America Association. 2007. Flora of North America. URL:http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA/.

The Forestry Corp. 1999. Luscar Ltd. Coal Valley Mine Extension, Timber Volume Assessment. 17 pp.

Thiel, R.P. 1985. The relationships between road densities and wolf habitat in Wisconsin. American Midland Naturalist 113: 404-407.



Thompson, D. 2002. Tools for environmental management, a practical introduction and guide. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, BC. 452pp.

Thompson, I.D. 1991. Will marten become the spotted owl of the east? Forestry Chronicle. 67: 136-140.

Thompson, I.D., J.A. Baker, C. Jastrebski, J. Dacosta, J. Fryxell, and D. Corbett. 2008. Effects of post-harvest silviculture on use of boreal forest stands by amphibians and marten. Forestry Chronicle 84(5):741-747.

Thompson, M. J., and R. E. Henderson. 1998. Elk habituation as a credibility challenge for wildlife professionals. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26(3):477-483.

Thurber Consultants Ltd., Land Resources Network Ltd., and Norwest Soil Research Ltd., 1990. Review of the Effects of Storage on Topsoil Quality. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council Report Number RRTAC 90-5.

Tilleman, W.W. (editor), 1994. The Dictionary of Environmental Law and Science. E. Montgomery Publication Limited, Toronto, Ontario, 330 pp.

Tisdale, S.L., W.L. Nelson and J.D. Beaton, 1985. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers – Fourth Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York, New York.

TOE (2011a) Town of Edson, Brigitte Lemieux, Assistant CAO. In-Person Interview, August 25.

TOE (2011b) Town of Edson, Mike Butler, Manager of Community Services. In-Person Interview, August 25.

TOE (2011c) Town of Edson, Al Schram, Fire Chief. Telephone Interview, October 17.

TOH (2011a) Town of Hinton, Bernie Kreiner, Town Manager. In-Person Interview, August 26.

TOH (2011b) Town of Hinton, Olga Uloth, Manger FCSS and Laura Howarth, Manager Recreation and Culture. In-Person Interview, August 26.

TOH (2011c) Town of Hinton, Peter Ensor, Fire Chief. Telephone Interview, October 20

Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario.

Toyra J., Pietroniro A. and B. Bonsal, 2005. Evaluation of GCM Simulated Climate over the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Canadian Water Resources Journal. Vol. 30, No 5 page 245-262.



Tremblay, G.A. and C.M. Hogan, 2000. MEND Manual Volume 3 – Prediction. Edited by Gilles A. Tremblay and Charles M. Hogan. Mine Environmental Neutral Drainage (MEND) Program. Sponsored by Natural Resources Canada, Northern Ontario Development Agreement, Quebec Mineral Development Agreement and the Organizing Committee for the 4th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage. December, 2000. MEND 5.4.2c.

Trimbee, A.M. and E.E. Prepas. 1988. Dependence of lake oxygen depletion rates on maximum oxygen storage in a partially meromictic lake in Alberta. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:571-576.

Troendle, C.A. and G.S. Bevenger, 1996. Effect of Fire on Streamflow and Sediment Transport, Shoeshone National Forest, Wyoming. In: Ecological Implications of Fire in Greater Yellowstone, Jason Greenlee (Editor). International Association of Wildland and Fire, Fairfield, Virginia, pp. 43-45.

Troendle, C.A. and R. M. King, 1985. The Fool Creek Watershed Study-30 Years Later. Water Resources Research 21 (12): 1915-1922.

Truex, R.L., W.J. Zielinski, R.T. Gohightly, R.L. Barrett and S.M. Wisely. 1998. A meta-analysis of regional variation in fisher morphology, demography and habitat ecology in California (draft report). Arcata, CA: USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.

Tsuji, J.S., Yost, L.J., Barraj, L.M., Scraffrd, C.G., and Mink, P.J. 2007. Use of background inorganic arsenic exposures to provide perspective on risk assessment results. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 48:59-68.

U.K. FSA (United Kingdom Food Standards Agency). 2004. Total and Inorganic Arsenic in the 1999 Total Diet Study. United Kingdom Food Standards Agency. January, 2004. www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/

U.K. FSA, 2004. Total and Inorganic Arsenic in the 1999 Total Diet Study. United Kingdom Food Standards Agency. January, 2004. www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/

U.K. FSA, 2005. Arsenic in Fish and Shellfish. United Kingdom Food Standards Agency. October 2005. www.food.gov.uk

U.S. EPA. 1990. Draft New Source Review. Workshop Manual, Prevention of Significant Deterioration of and Nonattainment Area Permitting. Prepared by Office of Air Quality Standards, Research Triangle Park, New Source Review Section. Published by the Air and Waste Management Association.

U.S. EPA. 1995. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources. Part 10.1 Coal Cleaning, Fifth Edition (AP-42). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.



U.S. EPA. 1988. Special report on ingested inorganic arsenic. EPA/625/3-87/013. Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk Assessment Forum. Cited in: CEPA, 1993; Yost et al., 1988.

U.S. EPA. 1994. Surface Coal Mine Emission Factor Study, EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0165, Assignment I-06, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

U.S. EPA. 1996a. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources. Part 3.4 Large Stationary Diesel And All Stationary Dual-fuel Engines, Fifth Edition (AP-42). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

U.S. EPA. 1996b. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources. Part 3.3 Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines, Fifth Edition (AP-42). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

U.S. EPA. 1998a. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources. Part 11.9 Western Surface Coal Mining, Fifth Edition (AP-42). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

U.S. EPA. 1998b. Emission Factor Documentation for Section 13.2.2 (Unpaved Roads), Fifth Edition (AP-42). EPA Purchase Order 7D-1554-NALX; MRI Project No. 4864, Prepared by MRI for U.S. EPA. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Emission Factor and Inventory Group Research Triangle Park.

U.S. EPA. 2006. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources. Part 13.2.2 Unpaved Roads, Fifth Edition (AP-42). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

U.S. EPA. 2011. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources. Part 13.2.1 Unpaved Roads, Fifth Edition (AP-42). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (updated January 2011).

UBC Herbarium. 2006. Scapania undulate in Bryophytes of Stanley Park. UBC herbarium, Dept. of Botany, University of British Columbia. (URL: http://www.botany.ubc.ca/bryophyte/stanleypark/scapania_undulata/index.htm.

Ulev, E. 2007. Lynx canadensis. In: Fire effects information system (On-line). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. http:/www.fs.fed.us/database/feis

Underwood McLellan Ltd. 1982. Surface Water Hydrology Coalspur Project Robb Block. Prepared for Denison Mines Ltd. , April 1982.



Unfreed, Wendy J., and Stanley Van Dyke, (2005) Archaeological Investigations at the Junction Site (DkPi-2). Occasional Papers of the Archaeological Society of Alberta No. 4.

Unfreed, Wendy J., and Thomas Head, (1990) Historical Resources Mitigation, Pembina Resources Road, Final Report, Permit 89-103. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2007. USDA Plants Database. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). URL:http://plants.usda.gov/index.html.

United States Soil Conservation Service (US SCS), 1964. “SCS National Engineering Handbook.” U.S. Department of Agriculture.

URSUS Ecosystem Management Ltd. 1999. Specific and cumulative impact statement for mammalian carnivores - South Block and West Extension Project - Coal Valley Mine. Prepared for Luscar Ltd., Coal Valley Mine, Edson AB. 142pp.

US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. IRIS Summary of Manganese (CASRN 7439-96-5). Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD). Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/subst/0373.htm#reforal.

US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2003. Attachment 1-3 Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) Evaluation of Dermal Contact and Inhalation Exposure Pathways for the Purpose of Setting Eco-SSLs. OSWER Directive 92857-55. November 2003.

US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2005b. 2005 National Emissions Inventory Data and Documentation Source: http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/net/2005inventory.html.

US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2011. Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, v 4.10. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.

US EPA OSW (United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Solid Waste). 2005. Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities, Final. United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 6. Multimedia Planning and Permitting Division. Center for Combustion Science and Engineering, Office of Solid Waste.

USDA Forest Service. 1990. CEM - A model for assessing effects on grizzly bears. United States department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Missoula, MT. 24pp.



USDA. 2011. Index of Species Information - Carex capitata. USDA Fire Effects Information System. URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/carcap/all.html#DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE. Accessed: November, 2011.

User’s Guide for the Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Models, EPA-454/B-95-003a, September 1995.

USFS 1997. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding for a Petition To List the Contiguous United States Population of the Canada Lynx. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Volume 62, Number 101

Uunila L., Guy B. and Pike R., 2006. Hydrologic Effects of Mountain Pine Beetle in the Interior Pine Forests of British Columbia: Key Questions and Current Knowledge. published in Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin. Volume 9 Number 2, Spring 2006. Forest Research Extension Partnership (FORREX).

Vagaggini, B., Paggiaro, P.L., Giannini, D., Di Franco, A., Cianchetti, S., Carnevali, S., Taccola, M., Bacci, E., Bancalari, L., Dente, F.L. and Giuntini, C. 1996. Effect of short-term NO2 exposure on induced sputum in normal, asthmatic and COPD subjects. Eur Respir J 9: 1852-1857.

Van Deventer, J. and W. Platts. 1989. Microcomputer Software System for Generation Population Statistics from Electrofishing Data – User’s Guide for Microfish 3.0. General Technical Report. INT-254. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Ogden, UT. 29 p

Van Dyke, Stanley, and Brian O.K. Reeves, (1984) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Syncrude Canada Ltd. Lease No. 22, Permit 84-53. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Van Dyke, Stanley, Sharon Hanna, Wendy Unfreed, and Barbara Neal, (1991) That Dam Archaeology: Campsites Archaeology in the Oldman River Reservoir. Pp. 26-65 in Martin Magne, editor, Archaeology in Alberta, 1988 and 1989. Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Occasional Paper No. 33.

Verner, J. 1988. Optimizing the duration of point counts for monitoring trends in bird populations. USDA, For Ser., Research Note PSW-395. 4pp.

Verner, J. 1988. Optimizing the duration of point counts for monitoring trends in bird populations. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Note PSW-395. 4pp.

Verschuren, J.P. and L. Wojtiw, 1980. “Estimate of the Maximum Probable Precipitation for Alberta.” Alberta Environment, RMD-08/1.



Virkkala, R., M. Heinonen, and P. Routasuo. 1991. The response of northern taiga birds to storm disturbance in the Koilliskaira National Park, Finnish Lapland. Ornis Fenn. 68:123-126.

Vitt D.H., Halsey L.A., Thormann M.N., Martin T. 1996. Peatland inventory of Alberta. Sustainable Forest Management Network. Edmonton, AB.

Vitt D.H., Marsh J., Bovey R. 1988. Mosses, lichens & ferns of northwest North America. A Photographic Guide: Lone Pine Press. Edmonton AB: University of Washington Press. Seattle. Pp 296.

Vitt, D.H., L.A. Halsey, M.N. Thormann, and T. Martin. 1996. Peatland inventory of Alberta. Sustainable Forest Management Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Vitt, D.H., P. Achuff, and R.E. Andrus. 1975. The vegetation and chemical properties of patterned fens in the Swan Hill, north central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 53: 2776-2795.

Vivian, Brian, (2004) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Luscar Ltd. Genesee Coal Mine Expansion, Final Report, Permit 2003-307. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Vivian, Brian, (2007) Historical Resource Conservation Studies of The Tuscany Stage 9 Subdivision Development Sites EgPn-700, EgPn-701 and EgPn-702 Final Report (Permit 2006-163). Lifeways of Canada, Consultants Report prepared for Carma Developers Limited, Calgary Alberta.

Vivian, Brian, Amanda Dow, and Brian O.K. Reeves., (2006) Historical Resource Impact Assessment and Conservation Excavations at Cougar Ridge Off-Site Sewer Services. Occasional Papers of the Archaeological Society of Alberta No. 7.

Vivian, Brian, and Janet Blakey, (2009) Historical Resource Mitigative Studies, Crestmont Stage 4 Development Area (SW-31-24-2-W5M and NW-30-24-2-W5M), Final Report, Permit 2008-159. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Vivian, Brian, Daniel Meyer, Jason Roe, and Janet Blakey, (2008) Historical Resources Excavation at the Stampede Site (DjOn-26), Final Report, Permit 2007-382. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Vivian, Brian, Jason Roe, and Janet Blakey, (2009) Historical Resources Mitigative Studies, Crestmont Stage 3 Development Area (NE Section 30-24-2-W5M), Final Report, Permit 2007-141. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Vogwill, R.I.J. (1983): Hydrogeology of the Edson area, Alberta; Alberta Research Council Earth Science Report 79-7, 22 pages



von Nieding, G. and Wagner H.M. 1977. Experimental studies on the short-term effect of air pollutants on man: two hour exposure to NO2, O3 and SO2 alone and in combination. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Clean Air Conference (Kasuga S, Suzuki N, Yamada T, Kimura G, Inagaki K, Onoe K, eds). Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Union of Air Pollution Prevention Associations, 5–8.

von Nieding, G., Wagner, H. M., Kerkeler, H., Lollgin, H., Fries, W., and Bentham, A. 1979. Controlled studies of human exposure to single and combined action of N02,03 and S02. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 43, 195-210.

von Nieding, G., Wagner, H.M., Casper, H., Beuthan, A. and Smidt, U. 1980. Effect of experimental and occupational exposure to NO2 in sensitive and normal subjects. In: Lee, S. D. (ed.). Nitrogen oxides and their effects on health. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. pp. 315-331.

Wagner W.H., 1981. Amer. Fern J. 71: 21. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 12+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 2. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500275. Accessed: November, 2011. (Public Education. 2008. Botrychium crenulatum. URL: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~herbarium/botrychium/B-crenulatum-1-4-05.pdf. Accessed: November, 2011.

Walker, D.G., 1996 Impact Assessment and Revegetation, Cheviot Mine Project. Prepared for Cardinal River Coals Ltd. by David Walker & Associates Ltd., Calgary, Alberta.

Walker, Ernest G., (1992) The Gowen Sites: Cultural Responses to Climatic Warming on the Northern Plains (7500-5000 B.P.). Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series Paper 145.

Walker, L.R., J. Walker, and R. del Moral. 2007. Forging a new alliance between succession and reclamation. Pages 1 – 18 In: B.N. Anderson, R.W. Howarth, and L.R. Walker (eds.) Linking restoration and ecological succession. Springer Sciences and Business media LLC. New York, NY. 190 pp.

Wallace, J. B, and J. R. Webster. 1996. The role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function. Annual Reviews of Entomolgy. 41:115-39.

Walton, A., J. Hughes, M. Eng, A. Fall, T. Shore, B. Riel, and P. Hall. 2007. Provincial-Level Projection of the Current Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: Update of the infestation projection based on the 2006 Provincial Aerial Overview of Forest Health and revisions to the “Model” (BCMPB.v4). URL:http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/bcmpb/BCMPB.v4.BeetleProjection.Update.pdf

Ward, R.M.P., and C.J. Krebs. 1985. Behavioral responses of lynx to declining snowshoe hare abundance. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:2817-2824.



Wasser, S.K., J.L. Keim, M.L. Taper, and S.R. Lele. 2011. The influences of wolf predation, habitat loss, and human activity on caribou and moose in the Alberta oil sands. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 110621062742041 DOI: 10.1890/100071

Waters, T. F. 1995. Sediment in Streams: Sources, Biological Effects and Control. American Fisheries Society Monograph 7.

Watt M. 1986. Canad. Naturalist & Quart. Science. Vol 3 Pp 29. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 12+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 3. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200004057.

Watt, R.W., J.A. Baker., D.M., Hogg., J.G., McNichol. and B.J. Naylor. 1996. Forest Management Guidelines for the Provision of Marten Habitat. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Management Branch, Forest Program Development Section. 24pp.

Watters, D. 1975. Preliminary Survey of Mercoal Creek. Recreation, Parks and Wildlife. Fish and Wildlife Division. 23 p.

Wayland, M. and R. Crosley. 2006. Selenium and other trace elements in aquatic insects in coal mine-affected streams in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50: 511-522.

WCAREB (2011) West Central Alberta Real Estate Board, Sandy Atfield, Executive Officer. E-mail correspondence, June-Nov, 2011.

Weaver, J.L., P.C. Paquet, and L.F. Ruggerio. 1996. Resilience and conservation of large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains. Conserv. Biol. 10:964-976.

Weaver, J.L., R.E.F. Escano, and D.S. Winn. 1987. A framework for assessing cumulative effects on grizzly bears. Trans. 52nd N.A. Wildl. & Nat. Res. Conf. 364-376.

Webb, S.M. and M.S. Boyce. 2009. Marten fur harvests and landscape change in west-central Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(6):894-903.

Weber R.M. 1979. Species biology of Chrysosplenium iowense. [M.A. Thesis]: University of Northern Iowa. Cedar Falls, IA. Pp. 94.

Weber W.A., Wittmann R.C. 2003. The liverworts and hornworts of Colorado. URL: http://asaha.com/ebook/zNzAzMTYx/THE-LIVERWORTS-AND-HORNWORTS-OF-COLORADO-By-W.-A.-Weber-and.pdf . Accessed: November, 2011.

Weber, R. M. 1979. Species biology of Chrysosplenium iowense. [M.A. Thesis]: University of Northern Iowa. Cedar Falls, IA. 94p.



Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 2003. The liverworts and hornworts of Colorado. URL:http://spot.colorado.edu/~weberw/.

Webster, D.A., G. Eiriksdottir. Upwelling water as a factor influencing choice of spawning sites by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Department of Natural Resources Cornell University. Ithaca, New York.

Weiler, R. 1987. Percentage of inorganic arsenic in food: a preliminary analysis. Report No. 87-48-450000-057. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ministry of the Environment. Cited In: CEPA, 1993, U.S. EPA, 1988

Wein, E.E. 1989. Nutrient intakes and use of country foods by Native Canadians near Wood Buffalo National Park. Thesis presented to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Guelph. February 1989.

Wein, E.E., Sabry, J.H. and Evers, F.T. 1991. Food consumption patterns and use of country foods by native Canadians near Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. Arctic 44(3):196-205.

Weir, R.D. and F.B. Corbould. 2010. Factors affecting landscape occupancy by fisher in north-central British Columbia. Journal of Wildlife Management 74:405-410.

Weir, R.D., M. Phinney, and E.C. Lofroth. 2012. Big, sick and rotting: Why tree size, damage and decay are important to fisher reproductive habitat. Forest Ecology and Management 265:230-240.

Weitzel, R.L. 1979. Periphyton Measurements and Applications. In: Methods and Measurements of Periphyton Communities: A Review. Ed. R.L. Weitzel. ASTM STP 690. pp. 3-33.

Welch, C.A., J. Keay, K.C. Kendall, and C.T. Robbins. 1997. Constraints on frugivory by bears. Ecology 78: 1105-1119.

Weldwood of Canada Limited, Hinton Division. 2004. Master agreement for consent to the withdrawal of lands from Weldwood’s Forest Management Agreement Area. Hinton, Alberta, Canada. 12 pp.

Weldwood of Canada Limited. 1999. 1999 Forest Management Plan, Volume I and II, Management Strategy 1999 - 2008, Hinton AB.

Weldwood of Canada Limited. 1999. 1999 Forest Management Plan, Volume I and II, Management Strategy 1999-2008, Hinton AB.

WEMS (2011)Western EMS, Russ McIntyre, Manager. Telephone Interview, October 17.



Westerman, R.L. (Ed.), 1990. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis (3rd Edition). Soil Science Society of America Book Series 3. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin.

Westworth Associates Environmental Ltd. 2002. A review and assessment of existing information for key wildlife and fish species in the Regional Sustainable Development Strategy Study Area (Volume 1:Wildlife; Volume 2: Fish). Prep. for the Cumulative Environmental Management Association – Wildlife and Fish Working Group.

Westworth, D., L. Brusnyk, J. Roberts, and H. Veldhuzien. 1989. Winter habitat use by moose in the vicinity of an open pit copper mine in north-central British Columbia. Alces 25:156-166.

Wetzel, R.G. 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. Third Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California. 1006 pp.

Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. 2008. Forest Management Plan Mountain Pine Beetle Ammendment.

Whalen, D. M. and B. D. Watts. 2002. Annual migration density and stopover patterns of Northern Saw-whet owls (Aegolius acadicus). Auk 119(4):1154-1161).

Whitaker, G.A., R.H. McCuen and J. Brush. 1979. Channel modification and macroinvertebrate community diversity in small streams. Water Res. Bull. 15L:875-9.

Whitaker, G.A., R.H. McCuen and J. Brush. 1979. Channel modification and macroinvertebrate community diversity in small streams. Water Res. Bull. 15L:875-9.

Whitby, L.M., J. Gaynor and A.J. MacLean, 1978. Metals in Soils of some Agricultural Watersheds in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 58:325-330.

White, James M., (1986) Late Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Bow Valley, Banff National Park. Parks Canada, Western Region, Calgary.

Whittaker, D. and R.L. Knight. 1998. Understanding wildlife response to humans. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 26(2): 312-317.

Whittington, J., C. C. St. Clair, and G. Mercer. 2004. Path tortuosity and the permeability of roads and trails to wolf movement. Ecology and Society 9(1): 4.

WHO (World Health Organization). 1979. Environmental Health Criteria 8. Sulfur Oxides and Suspended Particulate Matter. Geneva, Switzerland: International Programme on Chemical Safety, United Nations Environment Programme and World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 154068 0.



WHO (World Health Organization). 2000. WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. 2nd Edition Chapter 14: Effects of airborne nitrogen pollutants on vegetation - critical loads. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/74732/E71922.pdf

WHO (World Health Organization). 2000. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, Second Edition. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2004. Manganese in Drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2010. Aluminum in Drinking Water. Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO/HSE/WSH/10.01/13. Available at: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/aluminium/en/

WHO/FAO (World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2007. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. Sixty-seventh report of the Joint FAO WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series 940. Geneva. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_940_eng.pdf

Wiebe, K. L., W. D. Koenig, and K. Martin. 2006. Evolution of clutch size in cavity-excavating birds: The nest site limitation hypothesis revisited. American Naturalist 167(3):343-353.

Wilkinson, L. 2003. West-central Alberta Bat Inventory 2002. ABAT: Alberta Bat Action Team.

Wilkinson, L. 2007. E-mail July 9, 2007 RE: Endangered species Coal Valley Mine Area. Lisa Wilkinson, Non-game/Species at Risk Biologist, Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division, Edson, AB.

Williams H. 1968. The Hepaticae of the Bruce Peninsula: A Preliminary Survey. The Bryologist. Vol 71(2). Pp 134-138.

Williams, R.D. and G.E. Schuman (editors), 1987. Reclaiming Minesoils and Overburden in the Western United States. Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, Iowa. ISBN 0-935734-14-7.

Willoughby, M.G and M.J. Alexander. 2006. Range plant communities and carrying capacity for the Alpine and Subalpine Subregions. Third Approximation. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Public Lands and Forest Division, Edmonton, Alberta.

Willoughby, M.G. 2007. Range plant communities and carrying capacity for the Upper Foothills Subregion. Sixth Approximation. Pub. No. T/138. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Public Lands and Forest Division, Edmonton, Alberta.



Wilson, Ian R., (1977) Historical Resources Inventory and Evaluation Coal Valley Mine [Volume 1]; Historical Resources Inventory Recording and Testing Coal Valley Mine: Final Report [Volume 2], ASA Permit 77-053. Consultant's report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Wilson, R.M. 2005. Guidance on Air Quality Risk Assessment, Version 1. Prepared for Health Canada. HECS-SEP-BC/Yukon-04/05-06. August 8, 2005.

Winkler, H., David A Christie and David Nurney 1995. Woodpeckers: A Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World. Houghton Mifflin Co. NY. Pp:406

Wisdom, M. J. 1986. A model to evaluate elk habitat in Western Oregon. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Station. (Vol PP)

Wisdom, M. J., L. R. Bright, C. G. Carey, W. W. Hines, R. J. Pedersen, D. A. Smithey, J. W. Thomas and G. W. Witmer. 1986. A model to evaluate elk habitat in western Oregon. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 33pp.

Wolanski, A. 1999. Surface Water Quality Baseline Study Coal Valley Mine Extension. Luscar Ltd. Environmental Department. Edmonton, AB. 56 pp. + App.

Wondrasek, Robert J., and Jordyce Malasiuk, (2002) Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Suncor Energy Inc., Mountain Park Pipeline, Permit 01-326. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Wondrasek, Robert. J., (1998) Historical Resources Impact Assessment Talisman Energy Inc. Lovett Pipeline Project. Final Report, Permit 97-163. Consultant’s report on file, Archaeological Survey of Alberta, Edmonton.

Woolf, H.B. (Editor in chief), 1973. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. G. & C. Merrian.

Wormworth, J. 2006. Bird species and climate change; a global status report. A climate risk report to the World Wildlife Fund for Nature.

Wotton, R.S. 1995. Temperature and Lake-Outlet Communities. Journal of Thermal Biology. Vol. 20, 121-125.

Woywitka, Robyn, Darryl Bereziuk, and Eric Damkjar, (2010) Using LiDAR Digital Elevation Models in Archaeological Survey Design: Examples from the Foothills of Alberta. Paper presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, April 28- May 2, 2010, Calgary, Alberta

Wrigley, R. E., J. E. Dubois, and H. W. R. Copeland. 1979. Habitat abundance, and distribution of six species of shrew in Manitoba. Journal of Mammalogy. Vol. 60(3). (PP)



Wydeven, Adrian P.; Mladenoff, David J.; Sickley, Theodore A.; Kohn, Bruce E.; Thiel, R.P.; Hansen,. (2001, July 1). Road density as a factor in habitat selection by wolves and other carnivores in the great lakes region. (Habitat issues) The Free Library. (2001). http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Road density as a factor in habitat selection by wolves and other...-a079902391

YC (2011a) Yellowhead County, Jack Ramme, CAO. In-Person Interview, August 25.

YC (2011b)Yellowhead County, Debbie Charest, Director Community and Protective Services. In-Person Interview, August 25.

YC (2011c)Yellowhead County, Cory Chegwyn, Fire Chief. Telephone Interview, October 17.

YC (2011d) Yellowhead County, Brent Shepherd, Planning & Development Manager. E-mail correspondance, Aug 2011 – Jan 2012.

York, E. 1996. Fisher population dynamics in north-central Massachusetts. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. MA.

Yost, L.J., Schoof, R.A., and Aucoin, R. 1998. Intake of Inorganic Arsenic in the North American Diet. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 4(1), 137-152.

Yost, L.J., Tao, S.-H., Egan, S.K., Barraj, L.M., Smith, K.M., Tsuji, J.S., Lowney, Y.W., Schoof, R.A. and Rachman, N.J. 2004. Estimation of Dietary Intake of Inorganic Arsenic in U.S. Children. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 10: 473-483.

Youell, Alan, Bonnie Brenner, and Allison Landals, (2008) Historical Resources Mitigation, The Talbot Lake Site (235R), Jasper National Park, Permit WRA05-08. Consultant’s report on file, Parks Canada, Calgary.

Zar, J. C. 1984. Biostatistical analysis (second edition). Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 718pp.

Zar, J. C. 1984. Biostatistical analysis, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 718pp.

Zielinski, W., K.M. Slauson, and A.E. Bowles. 2008. Effects of off-highway vehicles on the American marten. Journal of Wildlife Management 72(7):1558-1571.

Zippen, C. 1958. The Removal Method of Population Estimation. Journal of Wildlife Management, 22(1): 82-90.

Zirul, D.L., and W.A. Fuller. 1970. Winter fluctuations in size of home range of the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference Transactions 35:115-127.

Date post:	27-May-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	nguyennhi
View:	218 times
Download:	0 times