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ALYSSA GREEN, MLISUNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
HEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARYJANUARY 5 , 2012
Searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews
Agenda
OverviewGoalsIntroduction to systematic reviewsSystematic review sourcesCochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsScenarioPICO Basic search / ResultsBoolean logic / Special charactersAdvanced search / ResultsMy ProjectsConclusion and questions
Overview
Scope of presentation Information literacy concept Systematic reviews Information literacy skill Searching online medical
database
International Medical Graduates (IMGs) Trained outside Canada and US Must complete additional training
Offered at University of Calgary Difficulty with Canadian medical culture
Evidence-based medicine Literature searching
Goals
1. Understand how systematic reviews can answer clinical questions
2. Learn strategies for formulating answerable questions
3. Learn how to use Boolean logic to create queries
4. Learn to use the basic and advanced search in the Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews
Systematic Reviews
Key component of evidence-based medicine (EBM) Help healthcare team members make decisions
Studies that synthesize multiple primary studies
Limit errors and bias by following guidelines Rules for conducting literature searches Clearly defined selection criteria
Value of Systematic Reviews
Keep clinicians up-to-date
Provide guidelines for best practices
Are succinct, accurate summaries of results
Show whether findings are consistent
Save clinicians time and effort
Improve standards and safety
Systematic Review Sources
Medline/PubMed Limit searches to systematic reviews only
Clinical Evidence Systematic review source from BMJ
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) Cochrane reviews considered very thorough Access provided through OvidSP
Other online journals and databases
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Contains all Cochrane Reviews and Protocols Very thorough and reliable
Cochrane Reviews Focus on answering questions
Can antibiotics help in alleviating the symptoms of a sore throat?
Created by the Cochrane Review Group and peer-reviewed
Focus on effects of interventions for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation
Assess diagnostic tests for specific populations/conditions
Updated regularly
Accessing the CDSR
Multiple ways to access the CDSR Through Library home page
Search “Cochrane” under Research Databases Through Health Sciences Library Page
Under “other point of care tools”
Subscription resource Library pays for access Access restricted to students
and faculty Can use from home or on
campus
Search Options
Scenario
Use a systematic review to find answers
Glenda, a 27 year old patient, is worried about getting sick before her upcoming exams. She wants to know if taking vitamin C will lower her chances of getting a cold.
PICO
Use PICO to formulate research questionsBreak scenarios into keywords and
componentsPICO Keyword
P = Patient or Problem ColdI = Intervention, therapy, or treatment
Vitamin C
C = Comparison (ex. placebo, the gold standard)
None
O = Outcome Prevention
Research Question
PICO research question For the common cold (P), how does Vitamin C (I)
compared to no treatment (C) impact prevention (O)?
Use a Cochrane Review to answer this question
Further simplify the question Does vitamin C prevent colds?
Basic Search
Useful for simple searchesCan search a complete topic or question
Basic Search- Results
Basic search browses full-text of each review
Results ranked by relevancy
859 results
Results don’t include all terms
Misses synonyms
Advance search is more precise
Formulating an Advanced Research Strategy
Revisit PICO keywords Vitamin C Cold Prevention
Brainstorm synonyms Vitamin C, ascorbic acid Cold, coryza Prevention, prophylaxis
Variant spellings Tumor, tumour
Boolean Operators
Used to combine words and phrases
AND links search terms together vitamin C AND cold
OR searches for one term or the other Prevention OR prophylaxis
NOT excludes the term from search results Cold NOT influenza
Brackets- ( ) links concepts together (cold OR coryza) AND (prevention OR prophylaxis)
Special Characters
Truncation- * truncates words to find variations Prevent* picks up prevent, prevents, prevention, etc.
Wildcards wom?n retrieves women, woman
Quotations- “ ” searches phrases, i.e. “vitamin c”
Next vitamin NEXT C
Near cold NEAR prevention
Sample Search
(“ascorbic acid” OR “vitamin c”) AND (prevent* OR prophylaxis) AND (cold OR coryza)
Advanced Search
Retrieves narrow, targeted resultsMore flexible and precise than basic search
Advanced Search- Results
12 results
Boolean operators tell database to return all search terms
Narrowed results while broadened search terms
Filter, sort, or view different results
Sample Review
My Projects
Transferable Skills
Can use Boolean operators with numerous resources OvidSP Databases
OvidSP’s evidence-based medicine reviews Online evidence-based medicine resources General medical databases Non-medical databases University of Calgary Library Catalogue through
Summon Toolbar
Conclusion
Systematic reviews are key to evidence-based medicine
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews is an important resource
PICO helps formulate research questions
Basic Search for simple queries
Boolean Logic and special characters allow for detailed searching
Advanced Search for refined searches
“My Projects” saves reviews, search strings, and other information
References
1. The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada. (2006). A Faculty Development Program for Teachers of International Medical Graduates. Ottawa, ON: Steinert, Y., & Walsh, A.
2. Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M.C., Gray, J.A.M., Haynes, R.B., & Richardson, W.S. (1996). Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn't. British Medical Journal, 312: (3), 71-72.
3. Cook, J.D., Mulrow, C.D, & Haynes, R.B., (1997). Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence for Clinical Reviews. Annals of Internal Medicine, 126(5), 376-380.
4. Mulrow, C.D. (1994). Systematic reviews: Rationale for systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 309.
5. Delany, A., Bagshaw, S., Ferland, A., Laupland, K., Manns, B., & Doig, C. (2007). The quality of reports of critical care meta-analyses in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: An independent appraisal. Critical Care Medicine, 35(2), 589-594.
6. Higgins, J.P.T., & Green, S. (eds.). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Retrieved from http://www.cochrane-handbook.org/. H
7. Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Toronto. (2012). Formulating Answerable Clinical Questions (Page 2). Retrieved from http://ktclearinghouse.ca/cebm/practise/formulate/tips2.