Cockfight Wikepedia

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Cockfight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"Fighting cocks" redirects here. For other uses, seeFighting cocks (disambiguation).

Cock fight in London, c. 1808

A Cockfight inLucknow,1784-1786, byJohann Zoffany.

Play mediaA Cockfight in zoo

A cockfightis ablood sportbetween tworoosters(cocks), or more accuratelygamecocks,heldin a ring called a cockpit. The first documented use of the word gamecock, denoting use of thecock as to a game, asport,pastimeorentertainment,was recorded in 1646,[1]after the term

cock of the game used by George Wilson, in the earliest known book on thesportofcockfighting in The Commendation of Cocks and Cock Fightingin 1607. But it was duringMagellan's voyage of discovery of the Philippines in 1521 when modern cockfighting was firstwitnessed and documented by AntonioPigafetta,Magellan's chronicler, in the kingdom ofTaytay.

The combatants, referred to asgamecocks,are speciallybredbirds, conditioned for increasedstamina and strength. The comb andwattleare cut off in order to meet show standards of the
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American Gamefowl Society and the Old English Game Club and to prevent freezing in colderclimates (the standard emerged from the older practice of severing the comb, wattles, andearlobes of the bird in order to remove anatomical vulnerabilities, similar to the practice ofdockinga dog's tail and ears).

Cocks possess congenitalaggressiontoward all males of the samespecies.Cocks are given thebest of care until near the age of two years old. They are conditioned, much like professionalathletes prior to events or shows. Wagers are often made on the outcome of the match.

Cockfighting is a blood sport due in some part to the physical trauma the cocks inflict on eachother, which is sometimes increased for entertainment purposes by attaching metal spurs to thecocks' natural spurs. While not all fights are to the death, the cocks may endure significantphysical trauma. In some areas around the world, cockfighting is still practiced as a mainstreamevent; in some countries it is regulated by law, or forbidden outright. Advocates of the "age oldsport"[2][3]often list cultural and religious relevance as reasons for perpetuation of cockfightingas a sport.[4]

Contents

1 Process 2 History 3 Regional variations

o 3.1 Americaso 3.2 Asiao 3.3 Oceania

4 Other bird species 5 Legal issues

o

5.1 Europeo 5.2 Americaso 5.3 Australia

6 In popular cultureo 6.1 In musico 6.2 In visual artso 6.3 In literatureo 6.4 In martial artso 6.5 In video games

7 In religion 8 See also

9 References 10 External links

Process

Two owners place their gamecock in the cockpit. The cocks fight until ultimately one of themdies or is critically injured. Historically, this was in a cockpit, a term which was also used in the
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16th century to mean a place ofentertainmentor frenzied activity.William Shakespeareused theterm inHenry Vto specifically mean the area around the stage of atheatre.[5]In Tudor times, thePalace of Westminsterhad a permanent cockpit, called theCockpit-in-Court.

History

In thisancient Roman mosaic,two cocks face off in front of a table displaying the purse for thewinner between acaduceusand apalm of victory(National Archaeological Museum of Naples)

Cock fighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport. It goes back 6,000 years inPersia.[6]

According to one author, there is evidence that cockfighting was a pastime in theIndus ValleyCivilization.[7]The Encyclopdia Britannica (2008) holds:[8]

The sport was popular in ancient times in India, China, Persia, and other Eastern countries andwas introduced into Ancient Greece in the time of Themistocles (c. 524460 BC). For a longtime the Romans affected to despise this "Greek diversion", but they ended up adopting it soenthusiastically that the agricultural writer Columella (1st century AD) complained that itsdevotees often spent their whole patrimony in betting at the side of the pit.

The significance of the original name ofMohenjo-daroinferring that the city was "the city of thecock" takes on great significance if taking into account that it has been claimed that thechicken

was domesticated in India in 6000 BC.[9][10]

However, according to a recent study,[11]

"it is notknown whether these birds made much contribution to the modern domestic fowl. Chickens fromtheHarappanculture of theIndus Valley(2500-2100 BC) may have been the main source ofdiffusion throughout the world." "Within the Indus Valley, indications are that chickens wereused for sport and not for food (Zeuner 1963)"[12]and that by 1000 BC they had assumed"religious significance".[12]
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Some additional insight into the pre-history of European and American secular cockfighting maybe taken from the The London Encyclopaedia:

At first cockfighting was partly a religious and partly a political institution at Athens; and wascontinued for improving the seeds of valor in the minds of their youth, but was afterwards

perverted both there and in the other parts of Greece to a common pastime, without any politicalor religious intention.[13]

The image of a fighting rooster has been found the 6th century BCseal of Jaazaniah,discoveredduring theexcavationof the biblical city ofMizpah in Benjamin,nearJerusalem.[14]It is one ofthe earliest depictions of a fighting rooster ever recovered.[14][15]This depiction is consistent withthe remains of these birds found at other Israelite Iron Age sites, when theroosterwas used as afighting bird; they are also pictured on other seals from the period as a symbol of ferocity, suchas on the one engraved on a late-7th-century BC red jasper seal inscribed "Jehoahaz, son of theking",[16][17]which likely belonged toJehoahaz of Judah"while he was still a prince during hisfather's life."[18]

The anthropologistClifford Geertzwrote the influential essayDeep Play: Notes on the BalineseCockfight,on the meaning of the cockfight in Balinese culture.

Regional variations

Spurs taped and tied onto legs

In some regional variations, the birds are equipped with either metal spurs (calledgaffs) orknives, tied to the leg in the area where the bird's natural spur has been partially removed. Acockspuris a bracelet (often made of leather) with a curved, sharp spike which is attached to theleg of the bird. The spikes typically range in length from "short spurs" of just over an inch to"long spurs" almost two and a half inches long. In the highest levels of 17th century Englishcockfighting, the spikes were made of silver. Ironically, the sharp spurs have been known to
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injure or even kill the bird handlers.[19][20]In the naked heelvariation, the bird's natural spurs areleft intact and sharpened: fighting is done without gaffs or taping, particularly in India(especially inTamil Nadu). There it is mostly fought naked heel and either three rounds oftwenty minutes with a gap of again twenty minutes or four rounds of fifteen minutes each and agap of fifteen minutes between them.[21]

Nicaragua,Venezuela,Colombia,Ecuador,France, Mexico,Dominican Republic,Philippines,Peru,Panama,Puerto Rico,Canary Islands,Saipan,andGuamhave arenas with seats orbleachers for spectators surrounding the ring. In many countries, the spectacle of cockfighting isas popular asbaseballandAmerican footballare in the United States.[clarification needed]Among thecompetitors who raise fighting cocks, there is great pride in the prowess of their birds and inwinning a championship.

Americas

Cuba

Cockfight is a popular activity in Cuba. It is a seasonal sport, held only during the freshestmonths of the year (November to April). Cocks are not ready to fight and their plumage ismolting during the warmest months (May to October).

In Cuba the tradition is to fix detachable natural (non-artificial) spurs to both legs of the fightingcocks. Before fixing the detachable spurs, the natural spurs should be trimmed, leaving a trunknot longer than 3 millimeters. The final length of the detached spurs ranks from 22 to 25millimeters according to the relevance of the match.

Cockfights are held in a round arena commonly called valla, surrounded by a small fence around

which the spectators are accommodated.

Comb and wattles should be previously trimmed but feathers should not be necessarily groomedas well, although tradition imposes an extensive feather trimming. The feathers of the chest,hackle and thighs are generally shorn completely off. The reasons for this vary among individualgame fowl enthusiasts (see alsoGamecock).

Cocks should have a weight within the rank of 50-69 Castilian ounces (2300-3180 grams) to beadmitted. One Castilian pound of 16 ounces is equivalent to 460,0093 grams.

The combatants are strictly paired up to fight according to their body weight. The allowed

difference in weight between the contenders ranks from half to one ounce (14-29 grams)according to the body weight.

Fights are limited to a single round of 30 minutes, but statistics show that more than 50% of thefights end within the first five minutes.

The persons proved to be betting are severely punished with a temporary or definite expulsionfrom the tournaments and the prohibition to participate in further meetings.[22]
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Mexico

Cockfight inQuertaro,Mexico

Cockfight inLima,Peru

Two gamecocks fighting, Thailand, 1967

It is believed that cockfighting in Mexico originated from the Philippines during height ofManila-Acapulco galleon trade. Filipino sailors brought with them their culture such as thedrinking oftubaand cockfighting. InAguascalientes,a state capital, one of the city's principalconcert halls is the cockfighting arena, thepalenque. Palenques are very common throughout thecountry, with almost every major city having one, and are closely related to Mexican traditional

music performers, such as Vicente Fernndez, and also being (as mentioned below) the stage forpop artists as well. During theSan Marcos Fair,well known throughout Mexico, cockfightsalternate with important concerts, where the singers or dancers perform from the cockpit. Manypopular singers have performed there, e.g.Latin GrammywinnersAlejandro FernndezandAlejandra Guzmn.[citation needed].

Peru
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In Peru, cockfighting is allowed and it takes place in coliseums with round sand fields. Only ajudge and two managers each carrying a cock are allowed in the field. Judges use tables tofacilitate the refereeing of fights.

Cockfighting championships of Peru are of two kinds, Beak and Spur. The Peruvian Razor

Rooster ('Gallo Navajero Peruano') features in Spur fights. In Spur fights the weight and size ofthe rooster varies. There are free weight championships as well.

The most important cockfighting championships take place in theLima Regionat the ColiseumsSandia, Rosedal, Abraham Wong, The Peruvian Cockfighting Circle's Coliseum and TheValentino, of the Rooster Breeders' Association of Peru.[23]

Brazil

Cockfighting, known in Brazil as rinha de galos("baiting the rooster"), was banned in 1934 withthe help of PresidentGetlio Vargasthrough Brazil's 1934 constitution, passed on 16 July. Based

on the recognition of animals in the Constitution, a Brazilian Supreme Court ruling resulted inthe ban of animal related activities that involve claimed "animal suffering such as cock fighting,and a tradition practiced in southern Brazil, known as Farra do Boi (the Oxen Festival)",[24]stating that "animals also have the right to legal protection against mistreatment andsuffering".[25]

Asia

Southeast Asia

Cockfighting is common throughout all ofSoutheast Asia,where it is implicated in spreading

bird flu.[26][27]

LikeIslam,Christianitymight shun the belief inspirits,but inSoutheast Asia,asinMexico,indigenous interpretations of the veneration ofsaintsandpassionplays dominate. IntheChristiannorthernPhilippines,respect is accorded thevenerationof traditionalanito(spirits),shamansnumber in the thousands andCatholicpriests are powerless to stop cockfighting, apopular form of fertilityworshipamong almost allSoutheast Asians.[28]Also in rural northernThailanda religious ceremony honoring ancestral spirits takes place known as "faun phii", spiritdance or ghost dance, and includes offerings for ancestors with spirit mediums sword fighting,spirit possessed dancing, and "spirit mediums cock fighting",[29]in a spiritual cockfight.

Indonesia

Cockfighting is a very oldtraditioninBalinese Hinduism,the Batur Bang Inscriptions I (fromthe year 933) and the Batuan Inscription (dated 944 on the Balinese Caka calendar) disclose thatthe tabuh rahritual has existed for centuries.[30]InBali,cockfights, known as tajen, are practicedin an ancient religious purificationritualto expel evil spirits.[31]This ritual, a form ofanimalsacrifice,is called tabuh rah("pouring blood").[32]The purpose of tabuh rah is to provide anoffering (the blood of the losing chicken) to the evil spirits. Cockfighting is a religious obligationat every Balinese temple festival or religious ceremony.[33]Cockfights without a religious
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purpose are consideredgamblingin Indonesia. Women are generally not involved in the tabuhrah process.

All forms of gambling, including the gambling within secular cockfighting, were made illegal in1981 by the Indonesian government, while the religious aspects of cockfighting within Balinese

Hinduism remain protected.

The American anthropologistClifford Geertzpublished his most famous work,Notes on theBalinese Cockfight,on the practice of cockfights in Bali. In it, he argued that the cockfightserved as a pastiche or model of wider Balinese society from which judgments about otheraspects of the culture could be drawn.

Japan

Cockfighting is similar to boxing for the younger roosters as they battle for a victory with theirblunt natural spurs or lack thereof and after maturity they battle with their mature natural spurs

which may have become pointed. Despite fighting cocks allowed to be used in cockfighting, "thestate has designated them a protected species".[34]

Southern India

Cockfight in Tamil Nadu, India

Cockfight on the outskirts ofKabul, Afghanistan
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Cockfight inHilongos, Philippines

Cockfighting (Vetrukkaal seval porrin Tamil which means "naked heel cock fight") (KodiPandeminTelugu)(Kori kattainTulu)is a favourite sport of people living in the coastal regionofAndhra Pradesh,Dakshina KannadaandUdupidistricts ofTulu Naduregion ofKarnataka,and the state ofTamil naduIndia. Three- or four-inch blades (BalinTulu)are attached to thecocks' legs. Knockout fights to the death are widely practised in Andhra Pradesh. In Tamil Nadu,

the winner is decided after three or four rounds. People watch with intense interest surroundingthe cocks. The sport has gradually become a gamblingsport.

In Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tanjore, Trichy and Salem Districts, only naked heel sport isperformed. In Erode, Thiruppur, Karur and Coimbatore districts only bloody blade fights areconducted. During festival seasons, this is the major game for men. Women normally don'tparticipate. There are many rare breeds preserved by these cock fighters.[citation needed]

Cockfighting inTamil Naduis mentioned in ancient literature likeManu Needhi Sastiram,KattuSeval Sastiram,and othersangam-age literature, 2,000 years old. It is referred to as the favouritepastime for the warriors ofTamilCountry. It is acknowledged as one of the 64 "arts" widely

spoken by the scholars and mastered by the ancestors/scholars of this part of the world. In earlierdays they were fighting with the junglefowland its variants later, due to the naval expeditions toJavaandMalayby the Pandian Rulers the localpoultryof that land might have found its way toTamil Nadu and a new strain/breed started its development in here which later spread to manyplaces such as India. The newer breeds which are known now are The "Reja" (which is a shortVariety), "Sonatol", "Calcutta Asil", "Madras Asil", "Kalkatiya" (Also known as "Kadhar"synonymous to Black Asils), The Reds (Also known locally as "Yakuth"), The Yellow Variants(Also known as The "Peela" Asil), The Grey is known locally as "Java" and its variants reddishgrey as "Dummer". Also they have a"henny" variety cockknown locally as "Pettai Madhiri" theliteral meaning is "it looks like a hen", though this variety is said to have come from "SingalaIsland", orSri Lanka.In Tamil Nadu instead of rings line is drawn and if the cock comes out ofthe line or falls or dies it means the cock has lost there are several Tamil films based on cock.themost rare and aggressive variety is called galva,such lineage possess a mustache like hair foundgrown beneath its lower beak.spot fight and agreement fights are usually conducted in the districtof Tamil Nadu.agreement fights are conducted by showing the roosters 21 days advance by boththe parties and a date is fixed agreeing upon terms.21 days is fixed because a hen takes 21 daysto hatch its eggs.in these 21days preparation procedures such as medication and stamina boostersare given orally by experts, exercise and swimming is given at regular intervals,the nail or mulluis sharpened one day before the actual day of fight.a man named gowriaar is the person who
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popularised the game in Tamil Nadu and southern kerala,preparation and training experts keeptheir technique secret.coimbatore arumugan is one of the best traditional trainer and cockfightingpreparation expert at present in Tamil Nadu and palakkad kunjan in southern kerala.

The cockfight, or more accurately expressed thesecularcockfight, is an intensesport,recreation,

orpastimeto some, while to others, the cockfight remains an ancientreligiousritual,asacredceremony(i.e. areligiousandspiritualcockfight) associated with the daivasthanams (temples)and held at the temples precincts.[35]In January 2012 at India's 'Sun God' Festival theBharatiyaJanata Party(BJP) district committee, demanded that police not interfere in the cockfightingknown as kozhi kettu as it is a part of thetemplerituals,while the police replied they would notinterfere if the cockfight is held at a temple.[36]

Iraq

Cockfighting is illegal but widespread in Iraq. The attendees come to gamble or just for theentertainment. A rooster can cost up to $8,000. The most-prized birds are called Harati, which

means that they are of Turkish or Indian origin, and have muscular legs and necks.

[37]

Pakistan

Cockfighting is a popular sport in rural Pakistan; however, "betting is illegal under thePrevention of Gambling Act 1977".[38]Betting is illegal, but police often turn a blind eye towardsit.[citation needed]In Sindh (one of 4 major provinces), people are fond of keeping fighting cockbreed, known asSindhi aseelin Pakistan. These cocks are noted being tall, heavy and good atfighting. Another popular breed is called Asil chicken|Mianwali Aseel.

Philippines

Cockfight inDavao City.

Sabongis a popular pastime in thePhilippineswhere both illegal and legal cockfights occur.

Legal cockfights are held in cockpits every week, whilst Illegal ones called tupadaor tigbakay,are held in secluded cockpits where authorities cannot raid them. In both types, knives orgaffsare used. There are two kinds of knives used in Philippine cockfighting. The single edge blade(use in derbies) and double edged blades, lengths of knives also vary. All knives are attached onthe left leg of the bird, but depending on agreement between owners, blades can be attached onthe right or even on both legs. Sabongand illegal tupada, are judged by a referee calledsentensyadoror koyme, whose verdict is final and not subject to any appeal.[39]Bets are usually
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taken by the kristo, so named because of his outstretched hands when calling out wagers fromthe audience and skillfully doing so purely from memory.

World Gamefowl Expo 2014, World Trade Center Metro Manila

.

The country has hosted several World Slasher Cupderbies, held biannually atAraneta Coliseum,

Quezon City,where the world's leading game fowl breeders gather. TheWorld Gamefowl Expo2014was held in the World Trade Center Metro Manila.

Contrary to popular belief, sabong was not introduced to the islands by theSpanish.Cockfighting was already flourishing in pre-colonial Philippines, as recorded byAntonioPigafetta,the Italian diarist aboardFerdinand Magellans 1521 expedition.[citation needed]ThePhilippines instead derives the practice from the fact that it shares elements of Indian and otherSoutheast Asian cultures, where the jungle fowl (bankivoid) and Oriental type of chicken areendemic.

Oceania

In theMariana IslandsinMicronesia,the sport of cockfighting has been considered a "culturaltradition" dating back toSpanish rule.Cockfighting became more popular with an influx ofFilipinoimmigrants to the islands before and after World War II. Fights are held throughout theweek at a government licensed pit in the village ofDededo, Guam,and in other villages duringfiestas,where a patron saint of the village is celebrated. Imported roosters and hens from theU.S.mainlandfetch heavy prices that can reach as much as a thousand dollars each.[

citation needed]Onthe island ofSaipan,north of Guam, legal cockfighting takes place several times a week in anarena called theDomein the village ofGualo Rai.

Other bird species

In 2009, authorities caught and shut down an illegal songbird-fighting ring inShelton,Connecticutthat had been usingsaffron finchesandcanaries.[40]TheAmerican Society for thePrevention of Cruelty to Animalscommented that such songbird fighting is extremely rare. Theancient Greeks used to practice quail fighting, using the common quailCoturnix coturnix.[41]Also in south east Asia andancient Chinawere used to practice "quail fighting", but using thefemalebuttonquails.
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Legal issues

Cockfight inVietnam.

Cockfight inOtavalo,Ecuador

In many places, cockfights and other animal fights have been outlawed, often based onopposition to gambling or animal cruelty. In the United States cockfighting is against the law. Insome American states it is not illegal to possess, raise, train, advertise, or trade cocks oraccoutrementsthat could be used for cockfighting. However, actively participating in a cockfightin any manner is illegal: advertising, transporting participants or spectators, placing wagers,

hosting an event, etc. It is common for law enforcement to confiscate property associated withany cockfighting activity.[42]

Europe

Spain

Cockfighting is banned in Spain except in theCanary IslandsandAndalusia.Organisations suchas theWWF/Adenaand some political parties are trying to ban it there too.[43][44][45]The lawallows it but tries to make it disappear "naturally" by blocking its expansion.[46]Contrasting withthe rest of the country (except with Catalonia),bullfightingis instead forbidden in the Canary

Islands, since it is not considered traditional, unlike cockfighting.

Cockfighting is also legal inAndalusiain the cities and villages where it is consideredtraditional. With its famous Jerezanos race of fighting cocks, the Cdiz province is the mostpopular centre of cockfighting in Andalusia.

United Kingdom
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Cockfighting was banned outright in England andWalesand in theBritish Overseas Territorieswith theCruelty to Animals Act 1835.Sixty years later, in 1895, cockfighting was also bannedinScotland,where it had been relatively common in the 18th century.[47]Areconstructed cockpitfrom Denbighin North Wales may be found atSt Fagans National History MuseuminCardiff[48]and a reference exists in 1774 to a cockpit atStanecastlein Scotland.[49]

According to theRSPCA,cockfighting in England and Wales still takes place, but has declinedin recent years.[50]

France

Holding cockfights is a crime in France, but there is an exemption under subparagraph 3 ofarticle 521-1 of the French penal code for cockfights and bullfights in locales where anuninterrupted tradition exists for them. Thus, cockfighting is allowed in theNord-Pas de Calaisregion, inMetropolitan France,where it takes place in a small number of towns includingRaimbeaucourt,La Bistade[51]and other villages aroundLille.[52]OnRunion Island,there are

five officially authorizedgallodromes(i.e. cockfighting arenas). The Nord-Pas-de-Calais has adozen gallodromes, that also target the Belgian associations of aficionados, who travel to Franceto avoid the prohibition of cockfighting in Belgium. The Nord-Pas-de Calais has its own race offighting cocks the "Combattant de Nord".

There is currently a flow of British aficionados to cockfights that come from January to June tothe Nord-Pas-de-Calais to participate in the cockfights. Some of them have been arrested at theBritish border for transporting cockerels or material for cockfights, which has led to a smallcottage industry of British-owned cockerel farms. Likewise, some caretakers in Nord-Pas-de-Calais cater exclusively to British cockfighters who, by law, are not permitted to transport andcare for their birds in the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

Americas

Cuba

Cockfighting was so common during the Cuban colonization bySpain,that there were arenas inevery urban and rural town. The first official known document about cockfighting in Cuba datesfrom 1737. It is a royal decree asking, to the governor of the island, a report about theinconveniences that might cause cockfights "with the people from land and sea"and asking forinformation about rentals of the games. The Spaniardes:Miguel Tacn y Rosique,LieutenantGeneral and governor of the colony, banned cockfighting by a decree dated on October 20, 1835,

limiting these spectacles only to holidays.

In 1844 a decree dictated by the Captain General of the island,es:Leopoldo O'Donnell,forbadeto non-white people the attendance to these shows. During the second half of the 19th centurymany authorizations were conceded for building arenas, until Generales:Juan Rius Rivera,thencivilian governor in Havana, prohibited cockfighting by a decree of October 31. 1899 and laterthe Cuban governor, GeneralLeonard Wood,dictated the military order No.165 prohibitingcockfights in the whole country since June 1, 1900.[22]
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14/22

In the first half of the 20th century, legality of cockfights suffered several ups and downs.[53]

In 1909 the then Cuban presidentes:Jos Miguel Gmez,with the intention to gain followers,allowed cockfights once again, and then regulations were agreed for the fights.[54]

Up to beginnings of 1968 cockfights used to be held everywhere in the country, but with thepurpose of stopping the bets, the arenas were closed and the fights forbidden by the authorities.In 1980 authorities legallized cockfights again and a state business organization was created withthe participation of the private breeders, grouped in territories. Every year the state organizationannounces several national tournaments from January to April, makes trade shows and sellsfighting cocks to clients from other Caribbean countries.[22]

United States

Cockfighting club inPuerto Rico,1937

In the United States, cockfighting is now illegal in all 50U.S. statesand theDistrict ofColumbia.The last state to implement astate lawbanning cockfighting wasLouisiana;theLouisiana State Legislaturevoted to approve a Louisiana ban in June 2007.[55]The ban tookeffect in August 2008.[56]Thirty-three states and theDistrict of Columbiahave madecockfighting afelony.It is illegal in all 50 states to knowingly attend a cockfight and/or bring aminor to the event. On February 7, 2014 President Obama signed the Farm Bill which containedthe U.S. H.R. 366/S. 666Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act. "The final bill includes aprovision making it a federal crime to attend or bring a child under the age of 16 to an animalfighting event[.]"[57]"The Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act would make it a federaloffense to knowingly attend an organized animal fight and would impose additional penalties forbringing children to animal fights. Violators would face up to one year in prison for attending afight, and up to three years in prison for bringing a minor to a fight."[58]In the District ofColumbia it is illegal to be a spectator at cockfights.Animal welfareactivists continue to lobbyfor a ban on the sport. Cockfighting remains legal in theUnited States territoriesofPuerto Rico,theU.S. Virgin Islands,theNorthern Mariana Islands,andGuam,although in 2006, the VirginIslands adopted a law banning modifications such as the use of artificial spurs.

The Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act, afederal lawthat made it a federal crime totransfer cockfighting implements acrossstate or national bordersand increasing the penalty for
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violations of federal animal fighting laws to three years in prison became law in 2007. It passedtheHouse of Representatives368-39 and theSenatebyunanimous consentand was signed intolaw by PresidentGeorge W. Bush.[59]

TheAnimal Welfare Actwas amended again in 2008 when provisions were included in the2008

Farm Bill(P.L. 110-246). These provisions tightened prohibitions on dog and other animalfighting activities, and increase penalties for violation of the act.[60]

On 8 February 2014, law enforcement madeNew York's largest cockfighting bust where theyseized 3,000 birds and arrested roughly 70 people across three counties. The investigation wasdeemed the name "Operation Angry Birds" and they made three raids: a cockfight inQueens,apet shop inBrooklyn,and a farm inPlattekill.The raids were performed by the task force, alongwithNew York State Police,theHomeland Security Departmentand the Ulster County sheriff'soffice. Upon entry of the Queens cockfight, authorities found the birds in small cages with razorsattached to them. The 70 individuals who attended the event were taken into custody. All but 9of these men were let go. The nine men were given felony arrests andanimal-fighting

charges.

[61][62][63]

On 16 July, 2014,Princess Irina of Romania,and her husband John Walker, appeared in federalcourt in Portland, Oregon in connection with running illegal cockfights they held inIrrigon,Oregonin 2012 and 2013. The couple was originally charged with 12 counts including operatingan illegal gaming business, conspiracy, and violating the Animal Welfare Act but they agreed to"sell their ranch and forfeit $200,000 to the government in lieu of incarceration."[64][65]

Australia

Cockfighting, and the possession of cockfighting equipment, is illegal in Australia[66][67]

In popular culture

Sunday Cockfight at Madrid, an 1873wood engraving

Cockfighting has inspired artists in several fields to create works which depict the activity.Several organizations, including theUniversity of South Carolina,Jacksonville State University
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