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CODA Digest

Delays to Air Transport in Europe – Quarter 2 2013

FOREWORD FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations.

Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.

ATFM delays reported by airlines may be lower than the NM calculated ATFM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays of NM are the (flight) planned “delays”; the airlines report the “actual” experienced ATFM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM delay may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM delay. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay.

This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

1. Headlines and Monthly Events Overview................................................................................................................. 3 2. CODA Scheduling Indicators..................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Average Delay per Flight for Departures.................................................................................................................. 6 4. NM versus Aircraft Operator experience of Delay................................................................................................... 7 5. Average delay per Flight by Hour.............................................................................................................................. 8 6. Average Delay per Delayed Flight >5 Minutes ......................................................................................................... 9 7. Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (Punctuality) ................................................................................. 10 8. Average Delay per Flight for Arrivals...................................................................................................................... 11 9. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports ........................................................................................................................ 12 10. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports.............................................................................................................................. 13 11. Top 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs ......................................................................................................................... 14 12. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators ............................................................................................ 15 A. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... 16 B. CODA Delay Groupings............................................................................................................................................ 17 C. Correlation between IATA Codes and the NM Regulation Codes........................................................................ 18 D. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)................................................................................................................... 19 E. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)........................................................................................................... 21 F. CODA Coverage Of Commercial Flights in the ECAC Region ............................................................................. 22

© 2013 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)

This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and to the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL.

The use of this document is at the user’s sole risk and responsibility. EUROCONTROL expressly disclaims any and all warranties with respect to any content within the document, express or implied.

Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels

The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 22/08/2013

Digest - Delays to Air Transport in Europe Quarter 2 2013

EUROCONTROL 1 CODA

http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

1. Headlines and Monthly Events Overview.

In the Second Quarter (Q2) of 2013 data from airlines describing delays from all-causes (Figure 3) shows an average delay per flight (ADM) of 8.8 minutes, this was a 5% decrease in comparison to the level observed in Q2 of 2012. 35% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) this was a decrease of 0.2 percentage points in comparison to Q2 2012. April 2013 saw a decrease in delays in comparison to the low levels observed in April 2012, with 33% of flights delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) this was a 3 percentage point fall. London Heathrow airport experienced high delays in April due to strong winds, where Oslo, Amsterdam and Roma Airports suffered from fog and low visibility. Airline industrial action in Germany on 22 April caused the cancellation of an estimated 1,630 flights. In May 2013 all-causes of delay data showed an average delay per delayed flight (ADD) of 23 minutes, this was a 8% decrease in comparison to the level observed in May 2012. London Heathrow, Zurich, Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, Vienna and Amsterdam airports experienced delays due to weather particularly high winds and thunderstorms. On Friday 24 May London Heathrow recorded high delays due to an emergency landing. Delays at Rome Fiumicino were noted as a result of runway works in progress. The Champions League football final in London (25th May) with Stansted seeing increases in traffic. In June 2013 delays from all-causes showed an average delay per delayed flight (ADD) of 29 minutes, this was a 16% increase in comparison to the level observed in June 2012. 41% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) which was an increase of 2.5% when compared to June 2012. Paris CDG, Orly, Frankfurt and Munich airports experienced delays due to weather (thunderstorms). Industrial actions occurred in France (11-13 June), Greece (13 June) and Portugal (27 June). Rome Fiumicino (8 June) and London/Heathrow (29 June) suffered from aircraft incidents and resultant delays. There were 0.5% fewer flights per day in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA08) than in Q2 2012.

Figure 1. Total Departures per day in ESRA08

In Q2 2013 traffic slightly fell: there were 0.5% fewer flights per day in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA08) than in Q2 2012.

Figure 2. Long Departures Delay >60 minutes

Long departure delays saw a significant decrease in April and a slight fall in May 2013 with flights delayed greater than 60 minutes decreasing to 1.9% and 2.1% respectively. June 2013 however, saw increases in comparison to Q2 2012, with an increase of 1.1 percentage points for flights delayed greater than 60 minutes.


EUROCONTROL 2 CODA

Figure 3. Primary Delay Causes Q2 2013 vs. Q2 2012

Q2 2013 saw a decrease to the average delay per flight to 8.8 minutes for delay all-causes. When analysing the delay reasons; Reactionary delays decreased by 0.3 minutes to 3.9 minutes per fight. Airline-related delays increased slightly by 0.1 minutes to 2.7 minutes per flight. The remaining causes all saw slight decreases or remained at stable levels when compared to Q2 2012.

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, Q2 2013 vs. Q2 2012

Airline related delay increased slightly to 2.7 minutes per flight, whereas ATFCM, Airport and Weather delay fell when compared to Q2 2012.

Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.

Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay, the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 4.9%, this was a significant decrease when compared to Q2 2012 of 17%. During the quarter April and May saw low levels of en-route delays share, however June showed higher levels. Despite this the average for the quarter remained low.


EUROCONTROL 3 CODA

2. CODA Scheduling Indicators

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best

use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival they cause reactionary delays. Two CODA scheduling indicators help airline schedulers determine the optimal schedule based on historical flight data:

The Block Time Overshoot (BTO) or the percentage of flights with an actual block time which exceeds the

scheduled block time. The European BTO in Q2 2013 was 29%, this was a decrease in comparison to Q2 2012 of 1.6 points.

The Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) or the difference between departure and arrival punctuality

expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The European DDI-F in Q2 2013 was -3.5 minutes, this was a reduction of 0.5 minutes per flight when compared to the second quarter of 2012.

Figure 6. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) and Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) Q2 2013 vs. Q2 2012

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EUROCONTROL 4 CODA

3. Average Delay per Flight for Departures

In Q2 2013 the average delay per flight from all causes of delay decreased by 5%, to 9 minutes per flight when compared to Q2 2012. The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) decreased from 27.1 minutes from 26.8 minutes. 35% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) remained stable when compared to Q2 2012 with a 0.2 percentage point decrease being recorded. In figure 8 the average delay per flight remained stable, the only exception being 2010, a quarter that saw volcanic ash disruption.

Figure 7. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 8. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 9. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Departures


EUROCONTROL 5 CODA

4. NM versus Aircraft Operator experience of Delay

Figure 10. Breakdown of Average Delay per Flight (Network Manager vs. Aircraft Operator)

Breakdown average delay per flight Q2 2013

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This section presents the air transport delay situation as seen from the airlines and passengers viewpoint (the difference between the scheduled time of departure and the actual time of departure from the gate). Data coverage is 66% of commercial flights in the ECAC region for Q2 2013. ATFM delays reported by airlines may be lower than the NM calculated ATFM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays of NM are the (flight) planned “delays” expressed as a restriction; the airlines report the “actual” experienced ATFM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM restriction may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM restriction. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay. Further analysis of airline data and the graph in figure 10 shows that the average en-route ATFM delay from all-causes was 0.5 minutes per flight. This was slightly below the NM reported average en-route ATFM delay of 0.7 minutes per flight. According to airline reports, primary delays counted for 56% (4.9 min/flt) of which (0.5 min/flt) is attributed to en-route ATFM restrictions, with reactionary delays representing a share of 44% share at (3.9min/flt).


EUROCONTROL 6 CODA

5. Average delay per Flight by Hour

Figure 11 . Breakdown of the Average Delay Per Flight by Hour Of The Day Q2 2013 vs. Q2 2012

During the first rotation phase (between 0300 and 0900 UTC), Figure 11 shows a slight increase of airline related delay share exceeded 40% in Q2 2013 and remained above 30% until 1500 UTC. However reactionary delay share remained below 60% in Q2 2013 when compared to Q2 2012.


EUROCONTROL 7 CODA

6. Average Delay per Delayed Flight >5 Minutes

Figure 12 . ADD vs. PDF on Departure

Figure 13 . ADD vs. PDF on Arrival

The average delay per delayed flight on departure (ADD) in Q2 2013 was 25 minutes, this was a 4% decrease compared to Q2 2012, when the ADD was 26 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights (PDF) was 35%, a 4 percentage point decrease compared to the 36% observed in Q2 2012. Regarding arrivals, the average delay per delayed arrival in Q2 2013 was 28 minutes, a 11% decrease, the percentage of delayed flights on arrival was 33%. The higher delays in June 2013 can be observed in the above chart, with higher en-route ATFM restrictions being experienced during the month.


EUROCONTROL 8 CODA

7. Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (Punctuality)

In Q2 2013, 45% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time (STD); this was an increase of 0.5 percentage points when compared to Q2 2012. Flights delayed >30 minutes from all-causes decreased by 0.6 points to 7%.

Figure 14 . All-Causes Departure and Arrival Punctuality Q2 2013 vs. Q2 2012

Regarding arrival punctuality, 27% of flights arrived on time within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled arrival time, with longer delays >30 minutes decreasing to 7%. Flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule increased to just over 10% which may impact airport operations, particularly stand and gate allocations.


EUROCONTROL 9 CODA

8. Average Delay per Flight for Arrivals

The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes decreased from 10 minutes to 9 minutes per flight in Q2 2013, this was a 7% decrease. The average delay per delayed flight was 28 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights decreased to by 1.5 percentage points to 33% in comparison to Q2 2012.

Figure 15. Average delay per flight (All- Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 16. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 17. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Arrivals


EUROCONTROL 10 CODA

9. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports

Figure 18. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports Q2 2013

Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average delay per departure

(mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change

Average Delay per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 LISBOA LPPT 15.0 -23% 32.4 46.3%

2 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 14.6 70% 24.5 59.7%

3 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.8 -9% 30.1 42.7%

4 PARIS ORLY LFPO 12.3 28% 24.8 49.7%

5 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 11.9 2% 26.1 45.5%

6 PARIS CH DE GAULLE

LFPG 11.7 1% 24.2 48.4%

7 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 11.3 -8% 24.7 45.7%

8 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 11.2 23% 29.3 38.2%

9 ALICANTE LEAL 11.1 -16% 31.5 35.4%

10 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 11.1 2% 30.6 36.3%

11 ANTALYA LTAI 10.6 -28% 27.8 38.1%

12 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 10.3 8% 28.8 35.6%

13 NICE LFMN 10.1 -7% 25.3 40.0%

14 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 10.1 -20% 26.6 37.9%

15 MALAGA LEMG 9.9 -20% 30.4 32.5%

16 PORTO LPPR 9.7 -33% 32.1 30.4%

17 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.7 -7% 25.9 37.7%

18 BARCELONA LEBL 9.6 13% 30.2 31.8%

19 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 9.4 -25% 25.8 36.4%

20 ZURICH LSZH 9.3 -4% 18.3 50.9%

Analysis of the Top 20 Affected Airports shows that Lisbon Airport ranked the highest with an average delay per flight of 15 mins in Q2 2013, following high shares of reactionary and miscellaneous delays that affected departing flights, this was however a fall in the average delay per flight of 23%. Rome Fiumicino saw its average delay per delayed flight on departure increase to 24.5 minutes per flight, an aircraft incident on the 8th of June contributed significantly to this increase. Manchester saw a small decrease in its average delay, down by 9% to 12.8 minutes per flight, with flights to leisure destinations experiencing delays notably in June. Porto saw an improvement in its delays, with a 33% fall in comparison to Q2 2012.

Figure 19. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports


EUROCONTROL 11 CODA

10. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports

Figure 20. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports Q2 2013

Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code

Average delay per

Flight (mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change

Average Delay per

delayed arrival

Percentage delayed arrivals

1 LISBOA LPPT 14.1 -36% 32.9 42.9%

2 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 13.1 -8% 29.6 44.2%

3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.1 -7% 35.2 34.5%

4 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.1 -15% 36.3 33.2%

5 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 10.9 23% 31.6 34.6%

6 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 10.7 -33% 29.2 36.6%

7 ANTALYA LTAI 10.7 -34% 24.6 43.3%

8 BARCELONA LEBL 10.2 8% 28.6 35.6%

9 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC

LFBO 10.1 20% 28.1 35.8%

10 PORTO LPPR 10.0 -33% 31.0 32.3%

11 GLASGOW EGPF 9.7 -7% 36.6 26.4%

12 ALICANTE LEAL 9.6 -4% 30.1 32.0%

13 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 9.6 12% 30.1 31.9%

14 NICE LFMN 9.6 2% 24.3 39.5%

15 PARIS ORLY LFPO 9.6 19% 25.0 38.3%

16 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST

LHBP 9.3 13% 27.1 34.2%

17 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 9.2 -17% 33.4 27.4%


LFPG 9.1 -3% 27.9 32.6%

19 MALAGA LEMG 9.0 -9% 28.9 31.0%

20 DUBLIN EIDW 8.9 1% 27.2 32.8%

Although being ranked first with a average delay of 14 mins, Lisbon Airport showed a decrease in delay of 36%, with an average delay per flight of 14.1 minutes per flight. London Heathrow experienced arrival delays predominantly due to weather. Milan Malpensa experienced high shares airline related delays as well as miscellaneous causes. Madrid continued to see a decrease in delay, with an average delay per flight of 10.7 minutes.

Figure 21. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports


EUROCONTROL 12 CODA

11. Top 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs

Figure 22. All-Causes Delay Situation for the 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average

Delay Per Departure

Change since

Previous Period

Average Delay Per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 NEW YORK PARIS CH DE GAULLE

20.4 -21% 36.1 56.4%

2 MAHON/MENORCA PALMA DE MALLORCA

19.1 1000% 32.9 58.1%

3 LISBOA PARIS ORLY 18.5 6% 28.7 64.7%

4 PALMA DE MALLORCA

IBIZA 18.5 425% 32.8 56.5%

5 LISBOA AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA

18.1 -13% 37.3 48.7%

6 NEW YORK LONDON/HEATHROW 17.9 80% 34.8 51.6%

7 PARIS ORLY LISBOA 17.9 -18% 30.1 59.5%

8 PARIS ORLY BARCELONA 17.3 95% 33.5 51.9%

9 LISBOA LONDON/HEATHROW 17.1 -24% 30.3 56.4%

10 IBIZA PALMA DE MALLORCA

17.0 812% 32.5 52.3%

11 ROME FIUMICINO CAGLIARI ELMAS 17.0 188% 25.4 66.8%


NEW YORK 16.4 -1% 33.0 49.8%

13 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO MALPENSA 16.4 127% 29.5 55.7%

14 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 16.1 26% 30.3 53.2%

15 NICE LONDON/GATWICK 16.1 21% 32.8 49.1%

16 LISBOA BARCELONA 15.8 -19% 30.5 51.9%

17 ROME FIUMICINO LONDON/HEATHROW 15.7 26% 26.8 58.6%

18 LISBOA PORTO 15.5 -18% 36.5 42.5%

19 ROME FIUMICINO CATANIA FONTANAROSSA

15.4 134% 24.9 61.6%

20 ROME FIUMICINO PALERMO PUNTA RAISI

14.8 154% 22.5 65.7%

Analysis of the Top 20 Delayed airport pairs shows that New York JFK to Paris CDG saw the highest average delay per flight of 20.4 minutes. Flights between Mahon and Palma and from Palma Mallorca to Ibiza saw large increases in delays notably reactionary delays on high frequency services in the region.


EUROCONTROL 13 CODA

12. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 65% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in second quarter of 2013.

Figure 23. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 24. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 25. Percentage of flights delayed >15mins for all-causes (departures left, arrivals right)


EUROCONTROL 14 CODA

A. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations TTF Total Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights TDF Total Delayed Flights PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes ADM Average Delay per Movement ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms ACC Area Control Centre AEA Association of European Airlines AHM Airport Handling Manual ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function) ATS Air Traffic Services BTO Block Time Overshoot CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis DDI-F Delay Difference Indicator - Flight NM Directorate Network Management NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference ESRA08 EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area FDPS Flight Data Processing System FMP Flow Management Position IACA International Air Carrier Association IATA International Air Transport Association


EUROCONTROL 15 CODA

B. CODA Delay Groupings

Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes.

CODA CAUSE Description

IATA Code

Passenger and Baggage 11‐19

Cargo and Mail 21‐29

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31‐39

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41‐49

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51‐58

Flight Operations and Crewing 61‐69

Airline

Other Airline Related Causes Others

ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Airport

Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 81 En‐Route

ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86

Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79 Weather

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Primary Delay Cau

ses

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99

Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91‐96


EUROCONTROL 16 CODA

C. Correlation between IATA Codes and the NM Regulation Codes

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esDigest - Delays to Air Transport in Europe Quarter 2 2013

EUROCONTROL 17 CODA

D. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision

during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage,

contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM


EUROCONTROL 18 CODA

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire

crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health

documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents,

etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage,

equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial

action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action,

staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic

Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather1

, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

1 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)


EUROCONTROL 19 CODA

E. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or

shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to

obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air

Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION

W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION

U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS


EUROCONTROL 20 CODA

F. CODA Coverage Of Commercial Flights in the ECAC Region


EUROCONTROL 21 CODA

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