Date post: | 02-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ana-maria-popa |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 30
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
1/30
CODE COMPLIANCE and EXECUTION
CEILING STRUCTURE
DCTS
july 2014
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND NATIONAL AND ONTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS 1
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
2/30
Earthquake Damage
A survey of 25 damaged commercial buildings following the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake
revealed the following breakdown of property losses:
A similar survey of 50 damaged high-rise buildings, which were far enough away from the
earthquake fault rupture to experience only mild shaking, showed that none had major structural
damage but major nonstructural damages:
37
3456
structural damage
electrical and
mechanical
exterior finishes
interior finishes
43
18
15
8 drywall or plaster
partitions
elevators
broken windows
air-conditioning
systems
SOURCES: BASED ON FEMA E 74/2011 2
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
3/30
Distribution of Costs
SOURCES: TAGHAVI AND MIRANDA 2003 3
2013
8
6270
48
18 17
44
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Office Hotel Hospital
StructuralNon Structural
Contents
Within the nonstructural components
category, the interior construction,
to witch the suspended ceilings belong,
represents the largest sourceof costs 30%.
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
4/30
Impact
- Economicimpact: losses of inventory and business income;
- Threat to life safety: injuries and death;
- Loss of function.
4
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
5/30
CODE COMPLIANCE
SOURCES: P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE 5
P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE
CODE PRESCRIPTIONS:
The suspended ceilings of IIII importance class buildings situated on ag>0.25g sites need torespect the following additional rules:
- the panel support grid is to be made of laminated T-shaped steel profiles;
- the closing marginal L-shapes flange is to be of at least 50 mm;
- on each of the 2 orthogonal horizontal directions, one end of the support grid ofthe ceiling is to be fastened to the end L-shape and the other end will have at least a 20 mmfree displacement;
- ceilings with the surface >100sqm will have lateral connections to the mainstructure;
- ceilings with the surface >250sqm will be divided into surface areas
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
6/30
CODE COMPLIANCE
SOURCES: P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE 6
P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE
CODE PRESCRIPTIONS:
The partition walls fixed at the suspended ceiling level, as well as any other partition walls taller
than 2.00 m, regardless of the material they are made of, are to be laterally fastened to the main structure,
independently of the suspended ceiling fixing system. In case of framed structure buildings, the connectionswill not favor the creation of short-wall situations.
The plan layout of lateral fixing elements and their dimensioning is to be done so that the lateral
displacements of the top ends of walls are compatible with the lateral displacements of the suspended ceiling
in that room.
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
7/30
1
CODE COMPLIANCE
SOURCES: P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE 7
P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE
CODE PRESCRIPTIONS:
The equipments connected directly to the ducting system (such as fans, dust blowers,
heat changers, humidifiers) that have an exploitation weight greater than 0.35kN/35kg must be
propped and connected laterally, independently from the pipeline system.
For pipes/ducts connected directly to the equipment, the lateral fixing is not
mandatory if they have the necessary flexibility to undergo relative displacements with respect to
the attachment points.
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
8/30
1
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
SOURCES: P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE 8
The research was carried out by building an indoor model with the in plane dimensions of 8.2x4.95 m
(approx. 40 sq.m) and the height of 3.40 m, in which ceilings were fitted having 60cmsuspension wires.
Four types of ceilings were tested using combinations of the 3 ordinary means of suspension
recommended by the US regulations:
- 1 fastening the beams to the edge elements;
- 2 suspension wires at the end of the beams;
- 3 inclined wires and rigid columns.
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
9/30
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I8TCoQhqdIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I8TCoQhqdIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I8TCoQhqdI8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
10/30
CEILINGON SITE
10
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
11/30
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5drgyGJKwghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5drgyGJKwg8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
12/30
RESEARCH RESULTS
SOURCES: P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE 12
The A-type composition corresponds to the ASTM E580-96 US regulations and the D-type tothe common practice in non seismic areas.
Ceiling type FastenersFailure
acceleration Failure mode
1 2 3
A Yes Yes Yes >1.5g Virtually no failure.
B Yes Yes No 1.5g
The beams were separated from the edge elements;
several cracked panels and a few beam ends deformed
due to contact with the end wall.
C Yes No No 0.8gThe beams began to rupture and fall. Most panels
cracked at 0.8g. At 1.5g the ceiling collapse occurred.
D No No No 0.25gThe beams were separated from the edge elements;
the end beams began to rupture and fall at 0.4g.
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
13/30
WORLDPLATE TECTONICS
13
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
14/30
WHY FOREIGNNORMS and REGULATION
FIRS ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE FOR STRUCTURES WAS IMPLEMENTED IN 1963 P13-63.
IN 1973 United States of America HAD A SPECIFIC REGULATION SUSPENDED CEILINGS UBC 1973.
AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE OF LAQUILA IN 2009ITALY STARTED PAYING ATTENTION TO THE NON STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS AS THE ECONOMIC LOSSES WHERE SIGNIFICANT.
IN 2014 NEW ZEELAND PROPOSED REVISION OF THE SEISMIC DESIGN CODE FOR SUSPENDED CEILINGS DUE TO
ECONOMICAL LOSSES PRODUCED BY THE CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKE FROM 2010. THEY PERFORMED
ADDITIONAL RESEARCH EXPERIMENTS AND THEY DISCOVERED THAT BOTH CODE AND EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH WHERE CORESPONDING AND THE DAMAGES OCCURRED DUE TO EXECUTION AND DESIGN LEVEL OF
PERFORMANCE.
SOURCES: A.POURALI, R.P.DHAKAL & G.A.MACRAE Seismic performance of suspended ceilings:Critical review of current design practice 14
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
15/30
CEILING LEVEL OF DUCTILITY
The point where the system loses its originally intended operation SLS and the
point where it loses integrity and undergoes collapse, thereby endagering occupants
ULS are rather close.
SOURCES: A.POURALI, R.P.DHAKAL & G.A.MACRAE Seismic performance of suspended ceilings:Critical review of current design practice 15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgco9mOgZRshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgco9mOgZRs8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
16/30
LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE
SOURCES: P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE 16
P100-1/2013 ROMANIAN SEISMIC DESIGN CODE
CODE PRESCRIPTIONS:
The general behavior description of the CNS subassembly, for each of the four levels of seismic performance (NPS) ofthe building, was made as following:
I.Completely functional/operational: Only minor damage is produced to CNS, that keeps on functioning and thebuilding is available for normal use. (Refitting, locally and isolated, if necessary, can be done at the beneficiarys will.Meeting this level depends also on the equipment characteristics seismic qualification and on the executionquality. Sometimes the existence of backup electrical supply is necessary.)
II.Functional: CNS is safe and, if the power supplies are available, most of them can function. Vital systems (LifeSafety Systems) are operational. (Minor damage to some CNS is produced, some windows are smashed and someequipment may fail. Access paths and life safety equipment are generally available and functional if the powersupply exists. Refitting, at times more numerous, can be done at the beneficiarys will. The risk of injuring/life lossdue to CNS damage is very low. If the structure does not present major damage, the occupants can remain safely inthe building but, sometimes, under reduced comfort conditions.
III.Life protection: Significant damage to the CNS is produced. These are safe from the stability and strength point ofview but there is a possibility, in most cases, for the installation and equipment to stop working. (Extended and costlydamage to the CNS are produced, that require a long period of time to repair, but no dislocation or systematicfailures are produced. Access paths can be partially blocked by rubble or by fallen construction elements. Significantdegradation of the building. People can be wounded by falling of CNS but the risk of life loss is, generally, very low,both inside and outside of the building.
IV.Pre collapse: It is possible that several CNS to be displaced or to present damaged/ruptured connections and forthis reason to represent a major risk of collapse and, hence, danger for life safety. (In the correctly designedbuildings, the heavy/massive elements that represent major danger in case of collapse are assured and do not fall inareas of possible people congestions. For this damage level one cannot assure the protection of access routes,neither the equipment that to assure life safety ( fire extinguish installation, for example.)
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
17/30
PROPEREXECUTION
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 17
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
18/30
PROPEREXECUTION
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 18
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
19/30
PROPEREXECUTION
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 19
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
20/30
PROPEREXECUTION
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 20
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
21/30
PROPEREXECUTION
SOURCES: ARMSTRONG SEISMIC CEILING DESIGN 21
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
22/30
IMPROPER EXECUTION
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 22
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
23/30
IMPROPER EXECUTION
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 23
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
24/30
IMPROPER EXECUTION
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 24
SEISMIC JOINTS IN EXISTING STRUCTURE SEISMIC JOINT IN CEILING STRUCTURE
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
25/30
IMPROPER EXECUTION
CEILING BRACEINGS
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 25
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
26/30
SEISMIC KNAUF
RIGIDSUSPENSION
SOURCES: KNAUF SEISMIC DESIGN Edition 08/2004 New Zeeland 26
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
27/30
STELL STRUCTURE OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 27
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
28/30
STELL STRUCTURE OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 28
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
29/30
CEILING CRASHESIN ROMANIA
SOURCES: adevarul.ro stirileprotv.ro a1.ro zf.ro realitatea.net 29
City Park Mall Constanta: Adidas - 2013, B&B Collection - 2008
Galleria Arad - 2012Cora Lujerului - 2014
Mall Vitan 2010
Comercial Centrum Vitantis - 2010
Ploiesti Shoping City - 2013
AFI Palace Cotroceni - 2013
Financial Administration 5thDistrict - 2014
Restaurant Targoviste - 2011
Underground Unirea 2 2011
Iulius Mall Cluj, Timisoara - ploi
8/10/2019 Code Compliance and Execution - REV 03
30/30
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT ANA-MARIA POPA AT:
30
+40 721 308 407
www.dcts.ro
mailto:[email protected]://www.dcts.ro/http://www.dcts.ro/mailto:[email protected]