SIRIM/DOA 1:2019
ICS:79.020
Requirements for heat treatment of wood and wood packaging materials
(WPM)
CODE OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE
© Copyright 2019 SIRIM Berhad &
Department of Agriculture Malaysia
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DOA The Department of Agriculture (DOA) is a department under the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry (MOA) Malaysia. Its main function is to implement the agricultural policies outlined by the Government. Other roles performed by the DOA are, to expedite the agriculture transformation process as a sector that is modern, dynamic and commercially viable, to develop the food and flower planting industry, to provide consultation and technical support services, to protect the country’s agriculture industry, to ensure food and environmental safety, to be actively participate in international forums, two-way communication and technical collaboration; and to enhance the development of human capital.
SIRIM SIRIM Berhad is a premier total solutions provider in quality and technology innovations that helps industries and businesses to compete better through every step of the business value chain. SIRIM Berhad is the centre of excellence in standardisation, facilitating industries and businesses in enhancing their production and competitiveness, protecting consumers’ health and safety, and giving them the choice for quality products and services.
SIRIM/DOA STANDARD SIRIM/DOA Standard is developed according to SIRIM standardisation procedures, which are in line with international practices that ensure appropriate notification of work programmes and participation of interested parties. As a standards development organisation, SIRIM Berhad has extensive expertise in standards research and consultancy which helps industries and businesses meet local and international requirements and practices. SIRIM/DOA Standard is developed through collaboration with SIRIM which provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. SIRIM/DOA Standard is developed through consensus by established committee, which consists of experts in the subject matter. The use of this standard is voluntary, and it is open for adoption by regulators, government agencies, associations, industries, professional bodies, etc. © Copyright 2019 For further information on SIRIM/MOA Standards, please contact: Standard Department SIRIM STS Sdn Bhd 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri Seksyen 2, Peti Surat 7035 40700 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Phone: 60 3 5544 6314/6909 Fax: 60 3 5510 8830 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sirimsts.my
OR Jabatan Pertanian Aras 7 -17, Wisma Tani No.30 Persiaran Perdana Presint 4 Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan 62624 Putrajaya. Phone: 03 8870 3000/3038 Fax: 03 8870 3044 Email: [email protected] Website:www.doa.gov.my
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Contents
Page Foreword .................................................................................................................... ii 1 Scope .............................................................................................................1 2 Normative references .....................................................................................1 3 Terms and definitions .....................................................................................1 4 General requirements .....................................................................................3 5 Heat source ....................................................................................................4 6 Heat treatment enclosure and measuring equipment ......................................4 7 Heat and humidity distribution and core temperature ......................................4 8 Calibration and maintenance of equipment .....................................................5 9 Pre-treatment requirements ............................................................................6 10 Loading of commodity .....................................................................................6 11 Performing, monitoring and recording the heat treatment ...............................6 12 Storage ..........................................................................................................8 13 Cleaning and pest control ...............................................................................9 14 Waste management ........................................................................................9 15 Training ..........................................................................................................9 Annex A Voluntary requirements ........................................................................... 10 Annex B Sample of heat treatment certificate ........................................................ 13 Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 14
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Foreword
This Code of Agricultural Practice was developed by the Project Committee on Heat Treatment of Wood and Wood Packaging Materials established by SIRIM Berhad and the Department of Agriculture. This Code of Agricultural Practice was developed with the following objectives: a) to control and prevent the spread of quarantine pests arising from international
trade activities; b) to facilitate unrestricted movement of woods or goods which are packed using
wood packaging materials traded internationally; c) to ensure certified treatment providers comply with this Code of Agricultural
Practice requirements; and
d) to maintain traceability of the treated wood and wood packaging materials through treatment certification and marking.
This standard will be reviewed periodically to ensure that it reflects current needs and conditions. Users and other interested parties may submit comments on the contents of this standard for consideration in future versions. Compliance with this standard does not by itself grant immunity from legal obligations.
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Requirements for heat treatment of wood and wood packaging materials (WPM)
1. Scope This Code of Agricultural Practice specifies the requirements for the application of heat as a quarantine treatment or any other related pest eradication purposes of any wood consignment or wood packaging materials. It sets out the minimum requirements for the design, operation, calibration, post treatment handling, auditing and record keeping of heat treatment facilities, permanent or temporary, for the application of heat treatments for quarantine purposes or other related pest eradication purposes that may employ hot air, dry heat, steam, vapour heat, kilns, autoclaves, or any other methods used to raise temperature in the target consignment. This code is intended for use by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia in implementing the Malaysia Heat Treatment Accreditation Scheme (MAHTAS). NOTE. If an importing country specifies different requirements, requires a special deal between the parties involved.
2. Normative references
There are no normative references mentioned in this document.
3. Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 ambient temperature Temperature of the air within the treatment enclosure. 3.2 ambient temperature thermocouple Thermocouple designated for measuring ambient temperature. 3.3 commodity Wood or wood packaging materials to be treated. 3.4 core temperature Temperature at the centre of the thickest piece of the commodity or its substitute.
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3.5 dry heat Hot air that is forced into the enclosure to heat the commodity. 3.6 enclosure Physical container or chamber either permanent, temporary or mobile that is used for performing heat treatment. 3.7 facility Heat treatment system including storage. 3.8 heat treatment Process of heating the commodity to achieve a minimum core temperature of 56 ºC for a minimum duration of 30 min. 3.9 heat treatment certificate Documentation certifying that a heat treatment process has been conducted in accordance with the required treatment parameters. 3.10 heat treatment provider Owner of the certified facilities under the heat treatment scheme. 3.11 humidity The amount of water vapour in the air expressed as a percentage. 3.12 hygrometer Equipment used to measure humidity. 3.13 loading configuration guide Arrangement of the commodity to be treated within the enclosure. 3.14 sawn timber Wood with maximum thickness of 200 cm. 3.15 Scheme Malaysia Heat Treatment Accreditation Scheme established by DOA.
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3.16 target temperature Temperature that is to be achieved during heat treatment process. 3.17 thermocouple Temperature sensor that is used to measure the temperature during heat treatment process. 3.18 treatment exposure period Required period for which the specified treatment temperature is continuously maintained.
4. General requirements 4.1 Any enclosure that is used to conduct heat treatment shall be designed and operated to ensure that the specified temperature and if required, humidity is are achieved and maintained for the duration of the treatment. 4.2 All heat treatment providers and facilities shall comply with the relevant Act/Regulations (e.g. approval letter or license from relevant authorities) with evidence available on request. 4.3 Treatment is considered complete and successful when all the prescribed treatment requirements have been fulfilled and considered as failed when treatment requirements are not met.
5. Heat source 5.1 Any heat source that is capable of reaching and maintaining the required temperature for the duration of the specified treatment may be used. 5.2 The heat source shall not have any adverse effect on the commodity under treatment.
6. Heat treatment enclosure and measuring equipment
6.1 General 6.1.1 Where it is required, every enclosure shall have means of measuring pre-treatment conditions, temperature and if required, humidity in the treatment lot, appropriate to the type of treatment, heat source and the size of the enclosure.
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6.1.2 A particular number of thermocouples which include an ambient temperature thermocouple and if required, hygrometers that have been specified in the treatment requirement shall be followed to ensure accurate measurement of temperature and humidity throughout the commodity. 6.1.3 If there is more than one heat treatment enclosure in the facility, they shall be individually identified (e.g. using number or colour coding). 6.2 Equipment 6.2.1 Thermocouple, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 0.5 °C over the required temperature range for the treatment, unless a greater degree of accuracy is required to meet the requirements of the importing country. 6.2.2 Hygrometer, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 5 % humidity over the required range for the treatment, unless a greater degree of accuracy is required to meet the requirements of the importing country. 6.2.3 Temperature and humidity recorder or data logger, capable of recording the required information accordingly.
7. Heat and humidity distribution and core temperature 7.1 The core temperature of the commodity shall be raised to the required treatment temperature and humidity level (if required) and then maintained at or above the required temperature for the specified treatment exposure period. 7.2 A temperature map shall be developed to measure the highest temperature and coolest spot(s) for the enclosure (with and without commodity) before the first use and shall be reviewed at least annually and be recorded. NOTE. Temperature map is also known as homogeneity test.
7.3 During treatment, a monitoring thermocouple shall be located in the coolest spot and another in the highest temperature spot relevant to the loading configuration of the commodity. NOTE. In certain cases, there may be more than one highest temperature and coolest spot in an enclosure.
7.4 Loading configuration requirements shall be developed and implemented for different treatment commodity. Thermocouples shall be placed in accordance with the loading configuration requirements for each commodity type being treated. 7.5 Temperature shall be measured at the centre of the thickest piece of the commodity to ensure accurate measurement.
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7.6 If heat sensing thermocouples are inserted into a commodity, holes shall be no larger than necessary to accommodate the diameter of the thermocouples. If the thermocouple is not tightly fit into the hole, temporary seal that lasts for the duration of the treatment shall be used. 7.7 Where a thermocouple may damage the commodity, a substitute may be used and the thermocouple shall be placed in the centre of the substitute. The substitute shall be the same or larger in dimensions, of the same material and similar density as the target of the treatment and shall be used only once. NOTE. When the reading from the substitute has reached the required rate, it will indicate that the commodity has also reached the required temperature.
8. Calibration and maintenance of equipment 8.1 Tolerances All equipment used for measuring and monitoring heat treatment shall operate within the tolerances in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. 8.2 Calibration requirements 8.2.1 Temperature and humidity measuring equipment shall be calibrated in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, specific treatment requirements and in any case, at least once a year. 8.2.2 Calibration shall be done by an accredited company/laboratory under National Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (SAMM), Department of Standards Malaysia. 8.2.3 The thermocouple shall be calibrated to the specified temperature of 0 °C, 56 °C and 100 °C; with uncertainty of ± 0.5 °C, unless other temperature range has been specified to meet the requirements of the importing country. 8.2.4 The hygrometer shall be calibrated to the specified humidity with uncertainty of ± 5 %, unless other humidity range has been specified to meet the requirements of the importing country. 8.3 Calibration certificate The information in the certificate of calibration shall include the following: a) equipment serial number or unique identifier;
b) certificate number; c) calibration date; d) expiry date; and
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e) range of calibrated temperature or humidity. Certificate of calibration shall be kept for two years and be made available upon request.
9. Pre-treatment requirements Pre-treatment requirements shall be as follows. a) The treatment provider shall assess whether the commodity is suitable for heat
treatment and advise the owner of the commodity for any potential damage. b) Packaging or wrapping that prevents the achievement of the target temperature
or humidity in the treatment lot shall be removed.
10. Loading of commodity Loading of the commodity shall be as follows. a) The enclosure shall be loaded in such a way that the commodity does not obstruct
inlets, circulation and outlets of heat in the enclosure. b) Loading configurations for particular enclosures and commodity shall be followed.
11. Performing, monitoring and recording the heat treatment 11.1 The commodity shall be identifiable in a manner that allows traceability from receipt into the facility to discharge from the facility. 11.2 Treatment providers shall perform heat treatment according to this code and any other requirements of the importing country. 11.3 Treatment commences when the required core temperature has achieved a minimum temperature of 56 °C and complete after a minimum duration of 30 min continuously, unless other temperature range has been specified to meet the requirements of the importing country. 11.4 The temperature reading should be recorded at a minimum of every 30 min until the specified core temperature is reached. Once the core temperature is reached, the reading shall be recorded at least every 2 min for a minimum duration of 30 min. 11.5 Data shall be recorded for all treatment and shall be available upon request.
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11.6 All readings from thermocouples and hygrometers shall be individually identifiable (e.g. using number or colour coding) so that the source and location of all measuring points can be located and any problems can be rectified. 11.7 Record Records shall contain sufficient details to enable verification of any heat treatment upon request. 11.7.1 Heat treatment records The details of each heat treatment conducted shall be recorded and shall include the following: a) treatment providers name; b) address of treatment facility; c) DOA accreditation number; d) operators name; e) commodity description (e.g. number, weight, size); f) commodity identification (e.g. number, code, batch); g) specified treatment requirements; h) heat enclosure number (for multiple enclosures); i) if a substitute is used; j) all temperature and if required, humidity readings; k) treatment commence finish time and date; and l) treatment result (data either electronic or printed copy). 11.7.2 Other records The following records shall be kept and made available upon request: a) calibration records;
b) company treatment procedures manual or work instructions;
c) loading configuration and thermocouple identification and placement; d) diagram of the enclosure;
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e) temperature mapping; f) facility maintenance records and reports; g) cleaning records of enclosure and storage facilities; h) pest control programme and records; i) consumable purchase receipts (e.g. replacement probes, LPG or diesel volumes,
any repairs or any other items relevant to confirm work volume); j) staff training records; and
k) copy of the heat treatment certificate issued.
11.7.3 Every successful heat treatment shall have certificate issued with the commodity upon release from the facility. 11.7.4 All records shall be kept for a period of at least 2 years.
12. Storage 12.1 Treated commodities shall be kept separate from untreated commodities. Segregation of treated and untreated commodities may be best achieved by having separate rooms with pest and insect proof separation. If separate room is not possible, e.g. for large commodity such as sawn timber, it shall be separated by a sufficient distance of at least 5 m to prevent re-infestation. 12.2 Where packaging is undertaken following treatment, all movement and storage shall be in accordance with specified conditions of relevant importing country. 12.3 The storage area shall have impervious flooring and free from pests. In case of re-infestation, all stored commodities shall be re-treated and the storage area shall be disinfested.
13. Cleaning and pest control 13.1 The facility shall have an effective and relevant pest control programme and shall be kept clean at all times. 13.2 Regular inspections as specified in the pest control programme shall be conducted and results documented.
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13.3 Records of all matters relating to pest control (e.g. pests control programme) and maintenance in the facility shall be kept for 2 years and be made available upon request.
14. Waste management 14.1 Waste shall be handled and disposed off in a manner that does not attract or allow the breeding or spread of pests or contaminants. 14.2 Waste storage areas shall be at least 10 m away from the facilities and shall be maintained in good condition.
15. Training 15.1 Personnel involved shall be trained for competence in the heat treatment process in accordance with this code. 15.2 The heat treatment providers shall maintain their personnel competency through regular updates and training. 15.3 The training records shall be kept for a minimum of 2 years with the following minimum details: a) training subject matters; b) trainers; c) name of personnel; and d) training date.
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Annex A (informative)
Voluntary requirements
A.1 General requirements
A.1.1 Enclosures may be of fixed, mobile or temporary construction.
A.1.2 Import requirements for some countries may differ from this Code of Agricultural Practice. For example, they may prohibit the use of certain heating methods for some commodities or require temperature or humidity to be measured in a specific manner. Any such requirements will need to be followed.
A.1.3 Releasing the moisture during treatment can shorten the treatment time.
A.2 Heat source
Burner, boiler or electrical heater are examples of heat sources that may meet the requirements of this code.
A.3 Treatment measuring equipment
Temperature, humidity or moisture levels may need to be pre-conditioned to a certain level before treatment can begin.
A.4 Heat and humidity distribution and core temperature A.4.1 The treatment does not formally commence until all criteria for treatment are met, e.g. humidity and temperature. A.4.2 Placement may be used to assist even heat distribution of multiple heat outlets, air circulation fans and heat exchanger. A.4.3 Wall/ceilings holes or leaks may cause uneven distribution of heat in an enclosure or heat loss. Holes may also be a point of contamination for quarantine pests. A.4.4 Temperature maps assist in the development of loading configurations. A.4.5 Treatment requirements can be schedules approved by the Department of Agriculture, as the NPPO (National Plant Protection Organisation) of Malaysia, for specific commodities.
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A.4.6 In the case of sawn timber, a hole slightly larger than the diameter of the thermocouple should be drilled into a piece with the thickest cross section. The thermocouple should then be inserted so that the tip is at the cross sectional centre. Then seal the thermocouple into the hole to stop airflow interfering with the temperature recording. A.4.7 Thermocouples should not be inserted close to metal objects (e.g. nails, screws and bolts) as the localised heat may give a false temperature reading. A.4.8 The results of the temperature mapping may be used as bases for determining the exact location of monitoring thermocouples inside the enclosure during the treatment. Ambient air temperature in the enclosure should be measured and assessed against the measuring thermocouples to detect any problems.
A.5 Pre-treatment consideration A.5.1 Some consignments and/or packaging, for example lacquered or varnished items may be unsuitable for heat treatment. A.5.2 The unsuitable consignments may: a) melt; b) shrink; c) burn; d) ignite; e) change in colour; and/or f) become brittle.
A.6 Loading the commodity A.6.1 To assist heat circulation, treatment provider should consider varying shapes and sizes of the commodity and make the best decision for loading the enclosure. A.6.2 To assist heat circulation: a) availability of free air space should be on the sides of the stacking; and b) sawn timber may need the placement of wooden spacers (stickering) to separate
the timber items for efficient heating of the commodity.
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If the enclosure is not loaded according to loading configuration requirements, this may result in areas of the commodity not receiving the required temperature rates, resulting in a failed treatment.
A.7 Performing, monitoring and recording the heat treatment A.7.1 Treatment providers should check all the requirements before starting the heat treatment. A.7.2 Some treatments will require data to be recorded in a specific format. A.7.3 Data readings can be easily identified on the data records if the heat treatment enclosure and measuring equipment are individually identified.
A.8 Cleaning and pest control A.8.1 Clean storage areas that are insect proof, have impervious floors and an effective cleaning and pest control programmes in place, should generally meet the requirements of this code. A.8.2 The treatment provider should control pests of concern for the commodity being treated. A.8.3 There should be regular cleaning of the storage areas.
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Annex B (informative)
Sample of Heat Treatment Certificate
HEAT TREATMENT CERTIFICATE
Certificate number: DOA Registration number:
TARGET OF TREATMENT DETAILS
Name of Consignment: .....................................................................................................................................
Consignment link: .............................................................................................................................................
Official documents::….......................................................................................................................................
Amount of consignment: ...................................................................................................................................
Country of origin:.................................. Port of loading: ............................... Country of
destination:
...........................................................
Name and address of exporter/customer:
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
Name and address of importer:
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
TREATMENT DETAILS
Date treatment completed: ............. / ......... / ..........................
Place of treatment: ......................................................................................... ...
Core temperature(°C): .......................................................... Exposure period (h): ....................................................................................
Humidity rate (%) (where applicable): .................................... Treatment method:………………………………..
DECLARATION By signing below, I, the accredited treatment provider responsible, declare that these details are true and correct and the treatment has been carried out in accordance with the required heat treatment schedule.
ADDITIONAL DECLARATIONS
........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................. ............................................................. Signature Date
.............................................................. ............................................................. Name of Accredited treatment provider Accreditation Number
Bibliography [1] ICCBA (International Cargo Cooperative Biosecurity Arrangement), Heat
treatment methodology, Version 3 [2] ISPM 5:1997, Glossary of phytosanitary terms. Rome, IPPC, FAO
[3] ISPM 15:2009, Regulation of wood packaging materials in international trade
Company stamp
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Acknowledgements
Project Committee on Heat Treatment of Wood and Wood Packaging Materials comprises representatives from the following organisations: Mr Mohd Ridzuan Ismail (Chairman) Department of Agriculture, Kuala
Lumpur
Ms Maziah Mukhtar (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad
Mr Abdullah Fauzi Samsudin/ Ms Masturi Selaman
Department of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur
Mr Norizan Taib Department of Agriculture, Negeri Sembilan
Mr Reinold Zachary Kouju Department of Agriculture, Sabah
Mr Paddy Jiob Department of Agriculture, Sarawak Mr Hafizrahimi Othman/ Ms Normawati Lanisa
Department of Agriculture, Serdang
Dr Rahim Sudin/ Dr Mohd Nasir Mat Arip
Forest Research Institute of Malaysia
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© Copyright 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this Code of Agricultural Practice may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from Department of Agriculture and SIRIM Berhad.
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