1

CodebookofHarmonisedGlobalPublicOpinionData,1970-2015

[draft]

AnjaNeundorf(UniversityofNottingham)1

RosalindShorrocks(UniversityofManchester)

1September2017

PartoftheESRC-fundedproject“LegaciesofAuthoritarianRegimesondemocraticcitizenship”2

1Email:anja.neundorf@nottingham.ac.uk2TheprojectwasfundedbytheESRCSecondaryDataAnalysisInitiative(Phase3)between1February2016and31July2017.Awardreferencenumber:ES/N012127/1.

2

Content

1. IDvariables 3 • Data…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 • Year…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

• Country……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5

2. Independentvariables 13

• Gender………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13

• Age.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 • Birthyear…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 • Socialclass…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 • Maritalstatus….………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24 • Religion……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29 • Education(categorical)………………………………………………………………………………… 46 • Education(yearsofschooling)……………………………………………………………………… 52 • Employmentstatus…….……………………………………………………………………………….. 56 • Income……………………….………………………………………………………………………………… 64 • Financialsatisfaction….………………………………………………………………………………… 67

3. Missingcodes 69

3

1. IDvariables

Dataset

Variablename:data

0:WVS–WorldValuesSurvey1:LB–Latinobarometer3:AB–AmericasBarometer4:ISSP–InternationalSocialSurveyProject5:ANB–AsianBarometer6:AsiaB–AsiaBarometer7:AfB–Afrobarometer8:Arab–ArabBarometer9:EVS–EuropeanValuesSurvey10:EB–Eurobarometer(Mannheimtrendfileonly)11:CEEB–CentralandEasternEurobarometer12:ESS–EuropeanSocialSurvey13:CSES–ComparativeStudyofElectoralSystems

Denoteswhichdataseteachrespondentisfrom

4

Year

Variablename:year

Yearthesurveywasconducted.Insomecases,thisinformationisalreadyavailablewithineachdatafile.Inothers,theinformationwasgainedfromthedatasetwebsite.Thisissummarisedinthewavesbycountryspreadsheet.

Thefollowingdatasetsalreadycontainthisvariableinthedatafile:

AmericasBarometer:year

AsianBarometer:yrsurvey.However,theyearsinthisvariabledonotcorrespondfullywiththefieldworkyearspublishedonthewebsite.Wethustakethefieldworkyearsratherthanuseyrsurvey.

CEEB:V4

CSES:countryyears(waves1-3).Thisvariablegivesinformationonwhichcountry-yeartherespondentwassurveyedin.ItisgivenasastringvariableoftheformAUS_1_1996(Australia,wave1,1996),andrequiredrecodingintotheharmonisedvariableyear.D1004(wave4).Thisvariablegivesinformationonwhichcountry-yeartherespondentwassurveyedin.ItisgivenasastringvariableoftheformCAN_2011(Canada,2011),andrequiredrecodingintotheharmonisedvariableyear.

Eurobarometer:year

EVS:s020

WVS:S020

5

Country

Variablename:country

ThevaluesforthisvariablecorrespondtothecountrycodesusedintheWVS,withsomeadditionalcodesusingtheUNcountrycodingscheme(https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/):

4:Afghanistan8:Albania12:Algeria18:Somaliland20:Andorra22:TheBahamas24:Angola31:Azerbaijan32:Argentina36:Australia40:Austria48:Bahrain50:Bangladesh51:Armenia52:Barbados56:Belgium64:Bhutan68:Bolivia70:Bosnia72:Botswana76:Brazil84:Belize90:SolomonIslands100:Bulgaria104Myanmar108:Burundi112:Belarus116:Cambodia120:Cameroon124:Canada

128:PalestineBritishMandate132:CapeVerde138:PalestineGaza140:CentralAfricanRepublic144:SriLanka148:Chad152:Chile156:China158:Taiwan170:Columbia174:Comoros178:Congo,Republicof180:DemocraticRepublicofCongo188:CostaRica191:Croatia192:Cuba196:Cyprus(G)203:CzechRepublic204:Benin208:Denmark209PalestineWestBank214:DominicanRepublic

214:DominicanRepublic218:Ecuador222:ElSalvador231:Ethiopia232:Eritrea233:Estonia242:Fiji246:Finland250:France262:Djibouti266:Gabon268:Georgia270:Gambia275:Palestine276:WestGermany/Germany278:EastGermany288:Ghana300:Greece320:Guatemala324:Guinea328:Guyana332:Haiti340:Honduras344:HongKong348:Hungary352:Iceland356:India

360:Indonesia364:Iran368:Iraq372:Ireland376:Israel380:Italy384:Coted’Ivoire388:Jamaica392:Japan398:Kazakhstan400:Jordan404:Kenya408:NorthKorea410:SouthKorea414:Kuwait417:Kyrgyzstan418:Laos422:Lebanon426:Lesotho428:Latvia430:Liberia434:Libya440:Lithuania442:Luxembourg450:Madagascar454:Malawi458:Malaysia462:Maldives

462:Maldives466:Mali470:Malta478:Mauritania480:Mauritius484:Mexico496:Mongolia498:Moldova499:Montenegro504:Morocco508:Mozambique516:Namibia524:Nepal528:Netherlands548:Vanuatu554:NewZealand558:Nicaragua562:Niger566:Nigeria578:Norway586:Pakistan591:Panama598:PapuaNewGuinea600:Paraguay604:Peru608:Philippines616:Poland620:Portugal

624:Guinea-Bissau626:EastTimor630:PuertoRico634:Qatar642:Romania643:Russia646:Rwanda678:SaoTomeandPrincipe682:SaudiArabia686:Senegal702:Singapore703:Slovakia704:Vietnam705:Slovenia706:Somalia710:SouthAfrica716:Zimbabwe720SouthYemen724:Spain736:Sudan740:Suriname748:Swaziland752:Sweden756:Switzerland760:Syria762:Tajikistan

764:Thailand768:Togo780:Trinidad&Tobago788:Tunisia792:Turkey795:Turkmenistan800:Uganda804:Ukraine807:Macedonia818:Egypt826:GreatBritain834:Tanzania840:UnitedStates854:BurkinaFaso858:Uruguay860:Uzbekistan862:Venezuela868:SouthVietnam887:Yemen890:Serbia894:Zambia914:BosnianFederation915:Kosovo991:SouthSudan997:Brunei

6

Afrobarometer:ThecountryvariablehasdifferentnamesandresponsecategoriesineachwaveoftheAfrobarometer.Theywereharmonisedandnamedcountryinthelongitudinaldatafile,asshowninthefollowingtable:Waves1,2,3,and6:countryWaves4and5:COUNTRY

country(harmonised)

country(wave1) country(wave2) country(wave3) COUNTRY(wave4)

COUNTRY(wave5)

country(wave6)

12Algeria 31Algeria 1Algeria72Botswana 1Botswana 1Botswana 2Botswana 2Botswana 2Botswana 3Botswana108Burundi 25Burundi 5Burundi120Cameroon 26Cameroon 6Cameroon132CapeVerde 13CapeVerde 3CapeVerde 4CapeVerde 4CapeVerde 7CapeVerde204Benin 1Benin 1Benin 1Benin 2Benin266Gabon 10Gabon288Ghana 2Ghana 2Ghana 4Ghana 5Ghana 5Ghana 11Ghana324Guinea 28Guinea 12Guinea384Coted’Ivoire 27Coted’Ivoire 8Coted’Ivoire404Kenya 14Kenya 5Kenya 6Kenya 6Kenya 13Kenya426Lesotho 3Lesotho 3Lesotho 6Lesotho 7Lesotho 7Lesotho 14Lesotho430Liberia 8Liberia 8Liberia 16Liberia450Madagascar 7Madagascar 9Madagascar 9Madagascar 16Madagascar454Malawi 4Malawi 4Malawi 8Malawi 10Malawi 10Malawi 17Malawi466Mali 5Mali 5Mali 9Mali 11Mali 11Mali 18Mali480Mauritius 21Mauritius 19Mauritius504Morocco 33Morocco 20Morocco508Mozambique 15Mozambique 10Mozambique 12Mozambique 12Mozambique 21Mozambique516Namibia 6Namibia 6Namibia 11Namibia 13Namibia 13Namibia 22Namibia562Niger 23Niger 23Niger566Nigeria 7Nigeria 7Nigeria 12Nigeria 14Nigeria 14Nigeria 24Nigeria678SaoTome 25SaoTomeand

7

andPrincipe Principe686Senegal 16Senegal 13Senegal 15Senegal 15Senegal 26Senegal694SierraLeone 22SierraLeone 27SierraLeone710SouthAfrica 8SouthAfrica 8SouthAfrica 14SouthAfrica 16SouthAfrica 16SouthAfrica 28SouthAfrica716Zimbabwe 12Zimbabwe 12Zimbabwe 18Zimbabwe 20Zimbabwe 20Zimbabwe 36Zimbabwe736Sudan 34Sudan 29Sudan748Swaziland 30Swaziland 30Swaziland768Togo 24Togo 32Togo788Tunisia 35Tunisia 33Tunisia800Uganda 10Uganda 10Uganda 16Uganda 18Uganda 18Uganda 34Uganda818Egypt 32Egypt 9Egypt834Tanzania 9Tanzania 9Tanzania 15Tanzania 17Tanzania 17Tanzania 31Tanzania854BurkinaFaso 3BurkinaFaso 3BurkinaFaso 4BurkinaFaso894Zambia 11Zambia 11Zambia 17Zambia 19Zambia 19Zambia 35Zambia

AmericasBarometer:pais1Mexico;2Guatemala;3ElSalvador;4Honduras;5Nicaragua;6CostaRica;7Panama;8Colombia;9Ecuador;10Bolivia;11Peru;12Paraguay;13Chile;14Uruguay;15Brazil;16Venezuela;17Argentina;21DominicanRepublic;22Haiti;23Jamaica;24Guyana;25TrinidadandTobago;26Belize;27Suriname;28Bahamas;29Barbados;40UnitedStates;41Canada

AsiaBarometer:ThecountryvariablehasslightlydifferentnamesandresponsecategoriesineachwaveoftheAsiaBarometer.Theywereharmonisedandnamedcountryinthelongitudinaldatafile,asshowninthefollowingtable:2003,2006,2007:Country2004,2005:country

country(harmonised) Country(2003) country(2004) country(2005) Country(2006) Country(2007)4Afghanistan 93Afghanistan 50Bangladesh 880Bangladesh 64Bhutan 975Bhutan 104Myanmar 7Myanmar 4Myanmar 95Myanmar

8

116Cambodia 1Cambodia 855Cambodia144SriLanka 9SriLanka 94SriLanka 156China 3China 12China 1China 158Taiwan 6Taiwan 344HongKong 2HongKong 356India 8India 9India 360Indonesia 2Indonesia 62Indonesia392Japan 1Japan 3Japan 3Japan 398Kazakhstan 7Kazakhstan 410SouthKorea 2SouthKorea 10SouthKorea 4SouthKorea 417Kyrgyzstan 993Kyrgyzstan 418Laos 418Laos 85Laos458Malaysia 4Malaysia 8Malaysia 60Malaysia462Maldives 960Maldives 496Mongolia 976Mongolia 524Nepal 977Nepal 586Pakistan 92Pakistan 608Philippines 5Philippines 63Philippines702Singapore 9Singapore 5Singapore 762Tajikistan 992Tajikistan 764Thailand 5Thailand 6Thailand 66Thailand795Turkmenistan 993Turkmenistan 860Uzbekistan 10Uzbekistan 998Uzbekistan 868Vietnam 6Vietnam 7Vietnam 7Vietnam 997Brunei 12Brunei

AsianBarometer:country1Japan;2HongKong;3SouthKorea;4China;5Mongolia;6Philippines;7Taiwan;8Thailand;9Indonesia;10Singapore;11Vietnam;12Cambodia;13Malaysia9-13inwaves2-3only

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CEEB:V31Albania;2Armenia;3Belarus;4Bulgaria;5Croatia;6CzechRepublic;7Slovakia;8Estonia;9Georgia;10Hungary;11Latvia;12Lithuania;13Macedonia;14Moldova;15Poland;16Romania;17Russia;18Slovenia;19Ukraine;20Kazakhstan;21Yugoslavia;22GDR

CSES:Waves1-3:countryyearsWave4:D1004Thesevariablesarestringvariableswherethefirstthreelettersdenotethecountry.Thisisrecodedintotheharmonisedvariableyear.Thecountryabbreviationsatthestartofthestringvariablesareasfollows:ALBAlbania;AUSAustralia;AUTAustria;BEL/BELF/BELWBelgium;BGRBulgaria;BLRBelarus;BRABrazil;CANCanada;CHESwitzerland;CZECzechRepublic;DEUGermany;DNKDenmark;ESPSpain;ESTEstonia;FINFinland;FRAFrance;GBRBritain;GRCGreece;HKGHongKong;HRVCroatia;HUNHungary;IRLIreland;ISLIceland;ISRIsrael;ITAItaly;JPNJapan;KGZKyrgyzstan;KORSouthKorea;LTULithuania;LVALatvia;MEXMexico;NLDNetherlands;NORNorway;NZLNewZealand;PERPeru;PHLPhilippines;POLPoland;PRTPortugal;ROURomania;RUSRussia;SVKSlovakia;SVNSlovenia;SWESweden;THAThailand;TURTurkey;TWNTaiwan;UKRUkraine;URYUruguay;USAUSA;ZAFSouthAfrica;MNEMontenegro;SRBSerbia

Eurobarometer:nation11France;2Belgium;3Netherlands;4WestGermany;5Italy;6Luxembourg;7Denmark;8Ireland;9GreatBritain;10NorthernIreland;11Greece;12Spain;13Portugal;14EastGermany;15Norway;16Finland;17Sweden;18Austria

ESS:cntryStringvariableALAlbania;ATAustria;BEBelgium;BGBulgaria;CYCyprus;CZCzechRepublic;DEGermany;DKDenmark;ESSpain;FIFinland;FRFrance;GBBritain;GRGreece;HUHungary;IEIreland;ILIsrael;ITItaly;LTLithuania;LULuxembourg;NLNetherlands;NONorway;PLPoland;PTPortugal;SESweden;SISlovenia;SKSlovakia;TRTurkey;UAUkraine;CHSwitzerland;EEEstonia;LVLatvia;RORomania;XKKosovo;ISIceland;RURussia;HRCroatia

10

EVS:s003aUsesWVScountrycodes

ISSPTheISSPusesdifferentvariablenamesandresponsecodesforcountryineachwave.Thesearerecodedintoonevariableasshownbelow.1985,2001,2006,2010,2013:V31990,1991,1996,1998,2000:v32002,2003,2004:COUNTRY2007,2008:V4

country(harmonised)

V3(1985) v3(1990) v3(1991) v3(1996) v3(1998,2000)V3(2001)COUNTRY(2002,2003)

COUNTRY(2004)

V3(2006,2010)V4(2007,2008)

V3(2013)

32Argentina 32Argentina 36Australia 1Australia 1Australia 18Australia 1Australia 1Australia 1Australia 36Australia 40Austria 5Austria 7Austria 11Austria 7Austria 7Austria 7Austria 40Austria 50Bangladesh 34Bangladesh 34Bangladesh 56Belgium 34Belgium 56.1Belgium 5601Belgium

–Flanders5602Belgium–Wallonia5603Belgium-Brussels

76Brazil 35Brazil 35Brazil 100Bulgaria 17Bulgaria 17Bulgaria 17Bulgaria 100Bulgaria 124Canada 20Canada 20Canada 20Canada 124Canada 152Chile 31Chile 31Chile 152Chile 158Taiwan 39Taiwan 39Taiwan 158Taiwan 158Taiwan191Croatia 191Croatia 191Croatia196Cyprus(G) 28Cyprus 29Cyprus 29Cyprus 196Cyprus 203Czech 14Czech 14Czech 14Czech 203Czech 203Czech

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Republic Republic Republic Republic Republic Republic208Denmark 32Denmark 32Denmark 208Denmark 208Denmark214DominicanRepublic

214DominicanRepublic

233Estonia 233Estonia246Finland 37Finland 37Finland 246Finland 246Finland250France 27France 28France 28France 250France 250France268Georgia 268Georgia276Germany/WestGermany

2WestGermany

2WestGermany

1WestGermany

2WestGermany

2WestGermany

2WestGermany

276.1WestGermany

27601WestGermany

278EastGermany

3EastGermany

2EastGermany

3EastGermany

3EastGermany

3EastGermany

276.2EastGermany

27602EastGermany

348Hungary 7Hungary 6Hungary 8Hungary 8Hungary 8Hungary 348Hungary352Iceland 352Iceland356India 356India372Ireland 9Ireland 9Ireland 10Ireland 10Ireland 10Ireland 372Ireland 372Ireland376Israel 11Israel 14Israel 22Israel-

Jews23Israel–Arabs

22Israel-Jews23Israel–Arabs

22Israel-Jews23Israel–Arabs

376.1Israel–Jews376.2Israel-Arabs

37601Israel–Jews37602Israel-Arabs

380Italy 8Italy 8Italy 8Italy 9Italy 9Italy 9Italy 392Japan 24Japan 24Japan 24Japan 392Japan 392Japan410SouthKorea

42SouthKorea

41SouthKorea

410SouthKorea

410SouthKorea

428Latvia 26Latvia 26Latvia 26Latvia 428Latvia 428Latvia440Lithuania 440Lithuania 440Lithuania484Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 484Mexico 484Mexico528Netherlands

7Netherlands 11Netherlands

11Netherlands

11Netherlands

528Netherlands

554NewZealand

16NewZealand

19NewZealand

19NewZealand

19NewZealand

554NewZealand

578Norway 10Norway 10Norway 12Norway 12Norway 12Norway 578Norway 578Norway608Philippines

15Philippines 21Philippines 21Philippines 21Philippines 608Philippines

608Philippines

616Poland 13Poland 16Poland 16Poland 16Poland 616Poland 620Portugal 30Portugal 30Portugal 620Portugal 62001

Portugal1st

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round62002Portugal2ndround

643Russia 17Russia 18Russia 18Russia 18Russia 643Russia 643Russia703Slovakia 27Slovakia 27Slovakia 703Slovakia 703Slovakia705Slovenia 12Slovenia 15Slovenia 15Slovenia 15Slovenia 705Slovenia 705Slovenia710SouthAfrica

36SouthAfrica

40SouthAfrica

710SouthAfrica

710SouthAfrica

724Spain 25Spain 25Spain 25Spain 724Spain 724Spain752Sweden 13Sweden 13Sweden 13Sweden 752Sweden 752Sweden756Switzerland

30Switzerland 33Switzerland 33Switzerland 756Switzerland

756Switzerland

792Turkey 792Turkey 792Turkey804Ukraine 804Ukraine 826Britain 3Britain 4Britain 3Britain 4Britain 4Britain 4Britain 826.1Britain 82601Britain840USA 4USA 6USA 5USA 6USA 6USA 6USA 840USA 840USA858Uruguay 43Uruguay 52Uruguay 858Uruguay 862Venezuela 36Venezuela 36Venezuela 862Venezuela 909NorthernIreland

5NorthernIreland

4NorthernIreland

5NorthernIreland

5NorthernIreland

5NorthernIreland

LatinobarometerThecountryvariablewasnamedpaisin1995and1996,andidenpaforallsubsequentyears.TheybothusetheWVScountrycodes.

WVS:S003aUsesWVScountrycodes

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2.Independentvariableharmonisation

Gender

Variablename:female0:man1:woman

Validobservations:3,638,290Missingobservations:23,177

Sourcevariablesanddatasets:AmericasBarometer:q1CEEB:V119Eurobarometer:sexEVS:x001WVS:X001AsiaBarometer:F1ESS:gndr

Latinobarometer:sex_lbThevariablesindifferentwavesoftheLBhavedifferentvariablenamesbutthesameresponsecategories.Thesewereallrenamedsex_lbinthelongitudinalversionoftheLBbutnorecodingwasnecessary.1995;1996;1997;1998;2001;2002;2003;2004:s12000:S12005;2006;2007:s62008:s82009:s52010:S7

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2011:S162013:S102015:S12

AsianBarometer:female_anbThevariablesinthethreewavesoftheANBhadthesameresponsecategoriesbutdifferentnames.Theywererecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedfemale_anbinthelongitudinalANBdatafile.Waves1&2:se002Wave3:se2

CSES:female_csesThegendervariableinwave4hadadifferentname,butthesameresponsecategories,asthegendervariableinwaves1-3.Thegendervariablewasrecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedfemale_csesinthelongitudinalCSESdatafile.Waves1-3:iA2002_mwave4:D2002

ISSP:sex_csesThegendervariablehaddifferentnamesinthevariousISSPwaves,butthesameresponsecategories.Thegendervariablewas

female_anb se002/se20male 1male1female 2female

female_cses iA2002_m/D20020male 1male1female 2female

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recodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedfemale_isspinthelongitudinalISSPdatafile.1985:V1181990:V591991:v771996:V2001998;2002;2004:v2002001;2003;2006;2007:sex2008;2010;2013:SEX

Afrobarometer:female_afbThegendervariablehaddifferentnamesanddifferentcodesforthetworesponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheAfB.Thegendervariablewasrecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedfemale_afbinthelongitudinalAfBdatafile.Wave1:genderWave2:q96Wave3,4&5:q101Wave6:Q101

female_afb gender/q96/Q101 q1010male 1male 2male1female 2female 3female

female_issp V118/V59/v77/V200/v200/sex/SEX

0male 2male1female 1female

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Allgendervariablesineachofthedatasetshadthesametwocategories–maleandfemale.Theharmonisedvariable–female–wascreatedwiththesetwocategories.Therecodingofthevariablesfromeachofthedatasetsisshowninthetablebelow.

female q1/V119/sex/X001/x001/F1/gndr/sex_lb

female_anb/female_cses/female_issp/female_afb

0man 1male 0male1woman 2female 1female

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Age

Variablename:age

Afrobarometer:agevar_afbWave1:ageWave2:q80Wave3:q1Waves4-6:Q1

AmericasBarometer:q2

AsiaBarometer:F2

AsianBarometer:agevar_anbWave1:se003a.Recodedsoresponsevalue74=93;75=109Wave2:se003aWave3:usesbirthyear:se3.agevar_anbinwave3=year–se3

CEEB:V120

CSES:agevar_csesWaves1-3:iA2001_mWave4:usesbirthyear:D2001_Yagevar_csesinwave4=year–D2001_Y

Eurobarometer:age

ESS:agea

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EVS:x003

ISSP:agevar_issp1985:V1171990:v601991:v781996,1998,2000,2002,2004:v2012001,2003,2006,2007:age2008,2010,2013:AGE

Latinobarometer:agevar_lb1995,1996,1997,1998,2001,2002,2003,2004:s22000:S22005,2006:s72007:s112008:s92009:s62010:S92011:S172013:S112015:S13

WVS:X003

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Birthyear

Variablename:birth

Yearofbirth

Insomecasesthiswasavailableasavariableinthedataset,insomecasesitwasgeneratedfromanagevariable

Afrobarometer:birth=year–agevar_afb

AmericasBarometer:birth=year–q2

AsiaBarometer:birth=year–F2

AsianBarometerbirth=year–agevar_anb

CEEBbirth=year–V120

CSESbirth=year–agevar_cses

Eurobarometerbirth=year–age

ESS:yrbrn

EVS:x020

20

ISSPbirth=year–agevar_issp

Latinobarometerbirth=year–agevar_lb

WVS:X002

21

Socialclass

Variablename:class1:low2:workingclass3:lowmiddle/highworking4:middleclass5:high/upper

Validobservations:883,777Missingobservations:2,777,690

NotavailableintheAfrobarometer,CEEB,ESS,CSES,orAsiaBarometer,theISSPafter2001ortheLatinobarometerbefore2011.

Sourcevariablesanddatasets:

Inmostdatasets,subjectivesocialclassismeasuredbyaskingtherespondentwheretheywouldplacethemselves.TheexceptionistheEVS,wheresocialclassiscodedseparatelyaccordingtotheoccupationoftherespondent.

AmericasBarometer:mov1Wouldyoudescribeyourselfasbelongingtothe…1Upperclass;2uppermiddleclass;3middleclass;4lowermiddleclass;5lowerclassEurobarometer:soclassIfyouwereaskedtouseoneofthesefivenamesforyoursocialclass,whichwouldyousayyoubelongto?1workingclass;2lowermiddleclass;3middleclass;4uppermiddleclass;5upperclass;6refusestobequalifiedWVS:X045

22

Peoplesometimesdescribethemselvesasbelongingtotheworkingclass,themiddleclass,ortheupperorlowerclass.Wouldyoudescribeyourselfasbelongingtothe1upperclass,2uppermiddleclass,3lowermiddleclass,4workingclass,or5lowerclass?

Latinobarometer:class_lbThevariablesindifferentwavesoftheLBhavedifferentvariablenamesbutthesameresponsecategories.Thesewereallrenamedclass_lbinthelongitudinalversionoftheLBbutnorecodingwasnecessary.Peoplesometimesdescribethemselvesasbelongingtoasocialclass.Whichsocialclasswouldyoudescribeyourselfasbelongingto…?1high,2middlehigh,3middle,4middlelow,5low2011:S142013:S82015:S6

AsianBarometer:se017/se12ThevariablesoftheANBhaddifferentvariablenamesandresponsecategories.Socialclasswasaskedasa5-pointscaleinwave1anda10-pointscaleinwaves2-4asshownbelow.ThesetwovariableswerenotharmonisedinthelongitudinaldatafilefortheANB.Wave1:Peoplesometimesthinkofthesocialstatusoftheirfamiliesintermsofupperclass,middleclass,orlowerclass.Wherewouldyouplaceyourfamilyonthefollowingscale?1upperclass,2uppermiddleclass,3middleclass,4lower-middleclass,5lowerclassWaves2-4:Peoplesometimesthinkofthesocialstatusoftheirfamiliesintermsofbeinghighorlow.Imaginealadderwith10steps.Atsteponestandtheloweststatusandstep10standthehighest.Wherewouldyouplaceyourfamilyonthefollowingscale?Waves1&2:se017Waves3&4:se12

ISSP:class_isspThesocialclassvariablesintheISSPhavedifferentvariablenamesbutthesameresponsecategories.Thevariablewasrenamedclass_isspinthelongitudinalISSPdatafile.1lowerclass,2workingclass,3middleclass/upperworkingclass,middleclass,5uppermiddleclass,6upperclass1985:V1341990:V90

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1991:V1081996:V2211998:v2192000:v2442001:class

EVS:x046Socioeconomicstatusderivedfromrespondent’soccupation.1AB(upper,uppermiddleclass);2C1(middle,non-manualworkers);3C2(manualworkers–skilled,semi-skilled);4DE(manualworkers–unskilled,unemployed)ThereisameasureofsubjectivesocialclassintheEVSbutthisisonlyaskedinSwedenin1999.Therefore,thismeasureofsocioeconomicstatusisusedinstead.

Theharmonisedmaritalstatusvariable–class–wascodedusingfivecategoriessincethiswasthemostcommonsetofresponsesacrossthedatasets.Therecodingofthevariablesfromeachofthedatasetsisshowninthetablebelow.

class mov1 soclass X045 x046 class_lb se017(wave1ANB)

se017(wave2ANB)se12(waves3&4)

class_issp

1low 5lowerclass 1workingclass

5lowerclass 4DE 5low 5lowerclass 1lowest2

1lowerclass

2workingclass

4lowermiddleclass

2lowermiddleclass

4workingclass

3C2 4middlelow 4lower-middleclass

34

2workingclass

3lowmiddle/highworking

3middleclass

3middleclass

3lowermiddleclass

3middle 3middleclass

56

3lowermiddleclass/upperworkingclass

4middleclass

2uppermiddleclass

4uppermiddleclass

2uppermiddleclass

2C1 2middlehigh

2uppermiddleclass

78

4middleclass

5high/upper

1upperclass 5upperclass 1upperclass 1AB 1high 1upperclass 910highest

5uppermiddleclass6upperclass

24

Maritalstatus

Variablename:married0:notmarried1:married

Validobservations:3,217,230Missingobservations:444,237

NotavailableintheAfrobarometer

Sourcevariablesanddatasets:

AmericasBarometer:q11nCEEB:V125Eurobarometer:marriedEVS:x007WVS:X007AsiaBarometer:F5Latinobarometer:marstat_lbThevariablesindifferentwavesoftheLBhavedifferentvariablenamesbutthesameresponsecategories.Thesewereallrenamedmarstat_lbinthelongitudinalversionoftheLBbutnorecodingwasnecessary.1995:s61996;1997;1998:s52000:S42001;2002;2003;2004:s42005;2006:s92007:s13

25

2008;2009:s32010:S52011:S152013:S92015:S11

AsianBarometer:marstat_anbThemaritalstatusvariablesintheANBhavedifferentnamesandresponsecategoriesineachofthethreewaves.Thesewererecodedasshowninthetablebelowandrenamedmarstat_anbinthelongitudinalversionoftheANB.Wave1&2:se004Wave3:se4

marstat_anb se004(wave1) se004(wave2)se4(wave3)

1married 1married 2married2cohabiting 2living-inasmarried 3living-inasmarried3widowed 3widowed 4widowed4separated/divorced 4separated

5divorced5separated/marriedbutseparated/notlivingwithlegalspouse6divorced

5nevermarried 6single/nevermarried 1single/nevermarriedCSES:marstat_csesThemaritalstatusvariablesinwaves1-3oftheCSEShadthesameresponsecategoriesandname,butthesedifferedforwave4.Thewave4variablewasrecodedtobethesameasthatwaves1-3asshownbelow,andrenamedmarstat_csesforthelongitudinalversionoftheCSES.Waves1-3:iA2004_m2Wave4:D2004

26

NB:CSESwaves1-3dohaveamaritalstatusvariable–iA2004_m1–withthesameresponsecodesasthoseinD2004fromwave4.However,usingthisleadstotheexclusionofsomeelectionstudies.Thevariableusedhere–iA2004_m2–thusincludesmorecountrycases.

marstat_cses iA2004_m2 D20041married 1marriedorlivingtogether

asmarried1marriedorlivingtogetherasmarried

2notmarriedorcohabiting 2notlivingwithapermanentpartner

2widowed3divorcedorseparated(marriedbyseparated/notlivingwithlegalspouse)4single,nevermarried

ESS:marstat_essTheresponsecategoriesformaritalstatusintheESSchangedbetween2004to2006,andagainbetween2008and2010.Thelatervariableswererecodedtobethesameasthevariablefrom2002and2004asshowninthetablebelow,andrenamedmarstat_essforthelongitudinalESSdatafile.2002;2004:marital;martlfr(Franceonly)2006;2008:maritala2010;2012;2014:maritalb

marstat_ess marital/martlfr maritala maritalb1married 1married

6Pactedesolididarite(martlfronly)

1married2inacivilpartnership

1legallymarried2inalegallyregisteredcivilunion

2separated 2separated(stilllegallymarried)

3separated(stilllegallymarried)4separated(stillina

3legallyseparated

27

civilpartnership)3divorced 3divorced 5divorced

7formerlyinacivilpartnership,nowdissolved

4legallydivorced/civiluniondissolved

4widowed 4widowed 6widowed8formerlyinacivilpartnership,partnerdied

5widowed/civilpartnerdied

5nevermarried 5nevermarried 9nevermarriedandneverinacivilpartnership

6noneofthese(nevermarriedorinlegallyregisteredcivilunion)

ISSP:marstat_isspTheISSPuseddifferentresponsecategoriesin2007and2010.Thesewererecodedtobesimilartotheotheryearsasshowninthetablebelow,andthevariablewasrenamedmarstat_isspinthelongitudinalISSPdatafile.1985:V1201990:v611991:v791996;1998;2000;2002;2004:v2022001;2003;2006;2007:marital2008;2010;2013:MARITAL

marstat_issp V120/v61/v79/v202/marital(2001,2003,2006);MARITAL(2008)

marital(2007) MARITAL(2010)

28

1marriedorcohabiting

1married/livingasmarried(1996onwards)

1married6registeredpartnership

1married2civilpartnership

2widowed 2widowed 2widowed 5widowed/civilpartnerdied3divorced 3divorced 3divorced 4divorcedfromspouse/legallyseparated4separated 4separated 4separated 3separatedfromspouse/civilpartner5nevermarried 5nevermarried 5nevermarried 6nevermarried/neverinacivilpartnership

Theharmonisedmaritalstatusvariable–married–wascodedusingthecategoriesfromthedatasetwiththesmallestnumberofcategories(theCSES).Therecodingofthevariablesfromeachofthedatasetsisshowninthetablebelow.

Maritalstatusharmonisation

married q11 marstat_anb V125 marstat_cses marstat_ess

married x007/X007

marstat_issp marstat_lb F5

1marriedorlivingwithpartner

2married3commonlaw

1married2cohabiting

2married3livingasmarried

1married/cohabiting

1married 2married3livingasmarried

1married2livingasmarried

1marriedorcohabiting

1married/livingwithpartner

2married

0notmarried

1single4divorced5separated6widowed

3widowed4divorced/separated5nevermarried

1single4widowed

2notmarriedorcohabiting

2separated3divorced4widowed5nevermarried

1single4divorced5separated6widowed

3divorced4separated5widowed6single/nevermarried

2widowed3divorced4separated5nevermarried

2single3separated/divorced/widow/er

1single3divorced/separated4widowed5other

29

Religion

Variablename:religion0Notreligious1Christian2Muslim3Other

Validobservations:2,733,230Missingobservations:928,237

NotavailableintheCEEB

Sourcevariablesanddatasets:

AmericasBarometer:relig_abThevariablenamesandresponsecategoriesdifferedbetweenwaves,withmoreoptionsavailablefrom2010after.BoliviaandJamaicain2004and2006alsohadslightlydifferentresponsecategories.Thesewererecodedintoonevariable–relig_ab–forthelongitudinalABfile.2004;2006;2007;2008:q32010;2012;2014:q3c2004Bolivia;2006BoliviaandJamaica:q306

relig_ab q3 q306 q3c1Catholic 1Católica 1Catholic 1Catholic2Protestant 2Protestantetradicionalo

protestantenoevangélico2Non-CatholicChristian 2Protestant,Mainline

ProtestantorProtestantnon-Evangelical

3Othernon-Christian 3OtranoCristiana(Judios,Musulmanes,Budistas,Hinduistas)

3Othernon-Christian 3Non-ChristianEasternReligion10Jewish

30

1501KardecianSpiritism4None 4Ninguna 4None 4None(believesinaSupreme

Entitybutdoesnotbelongtoanyreligion)11AgnosticorAtheist(doesnotbelieveinGod)

5Evangelical 5EvangélicoyPentecostal6Mormón,TestigodeJehová,EspiritualistayAdventista

5Evangelical 5EvangelicalandProtestant6ChurchoftheLatterDaySaints(Mormon)12Jehovah’sWitnesses

6Traditional 7Religionestradicionalesonativas

7TraditionalorNativeReligion

7Muslim 2701Muslim8Hindu 2702Hindu

Eurobarometer:denomTheMannheimTrendFile1970-2002harmonisesreligiousdenominationfromsurvey-andcountry-specificquestionsintheEurobarometer.Fordetailsseeappendix3inthedocumentationfortheMannheimTrendFile.

EVS:f025f024intheEVSasksdoyoubelongtoareligiousdenomination?0no;1yes.f025wasthenaskedtoallthosewhoansweredyestof024.Thoseansweringno(0)tof024wereaddedasanextracategoryofnoreligion(0)tof025intheharmonisationprocess.Thevariablef025inthelongitudinalEVSfilethussummarisedtheinformationfrombothf024andf025.

WVS:F025

AsiaBarometer:F9F9inthelastwaveoftheAsiaBarometer(2007)hasoneextracategorycomparedtoF9intheotherwaves.F9in2007isrecodedslightlydifferentlyinthefinalharmonisedvariable–seeharmonisationtablebelow.

31

Latinobarometer:religion_lbThevariablesindifferentwavesoftheLBhavedifferentvariablenamesbutthesameresponsecategories.Thesewereallrenamed

religion_lbinthelongitudinalversionoftheLBbutnorecodingwasnecessary.1995:p91996:p71997:sp851998:sp802000:P76ST2001:p86st2002:p65st2003:p91st2004:p90st2005;2006:s22007:s42008:s52009:s92010:S92011:S182013:S142014:S16

AsianBarometer:relig_anbwaves1&2:se006waves3:se6

32

relig_anb se006(wave1) se006(wave2) se61Shinto 1Shinto 22Shinto 29Shinto

43None2Taoism 2Daoism 23Taoism 19TaoismandBuddhist

30Taoism3Otherfolkreligion 3Otherfolkreligion 1Traditionalfolkreligion

(Shenism)1Traditionalfolkreligion(Shenism)

4Bornagain 4Bornagain 21Bornagain 28Bornagain5Buddhism 5Buddhism 16Buddhist 18Buddhist6Hinduism 6Hinduism 15Hindu 17Hindu7Islam 7Islam 12Islam

13Shia14Sunni

14Islam15Shia16Sunni

8RomanCatholic 8RomanCatholics 2RomanCatholic 2RomanCatholic9Protestantism 9Protestantism 3Protestant

4SeventhDayAdventist5Baptist6Pentecostal7Evangelical8Epescopal9Methodist10GraceGospelofChurch31Anglican

3Protestant7Evangelical9Methodist11JesusChristisLord

10Others 10Others 17OtherAsianreligions24I-KuanTao26Tiruray27Other30DatingDaan32Baha’i33Animism

20Tenrikyo21Buddhist,RomanCatholicandProtes22Cosmology23Seicho24OtherAsianreligions31I-KuanTao34Other

33

41Sokaassociation11None 11None 34None 12Jews 11Jews 13Jews13Sikh 18Sikhism 25Sikhism14Confucian 25Confucianism 15OtherChristian 19IglesiaNiCristo

20Aglipayan28Jehovah’switnesses29Mormons

6IglesiaNiCristo27Aglipayan36Mormons42Iglesiafilipinaindependente

CSES:relig_csesThereligionvariablesinwaves1-3oftheCSEShadthesameresponsecategoriesandname,butthesedifferedforwave4.Thewave4variablewasrecodedtobethesameasthatwaves1-3asshownbelow,andrenamedrelig_csesforthelongitudinalversionoftheCSES.Waves1-3:iA2017_mWave4:D2026

ESS:rlgdnmrlgblgintheESSasksdoyouconsideryourselfasbelongingtoanyparticularreligionordenomination?0no;1yes.rlgdnmwasthenaskedtoallthosewhoansweredyestorlgblg.Thoseansweringno(0)torlgblgwereaddedasanextracategoryofnoreligion(0)torlgdnmintheharmonisationprocess.ThevariablerlgdnminthelongitudinalESSfilethussummarisedtheinformationfrombothrlgblgandrlgdnm.

ISSP:relig_isspThereligionvariableshaddifferentnamesandresponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheISSP.Thesewererecodedsothevariablerelig_isspwithconsistentresponsecategoriesforeachwavewasincludedinthelongitudinalISSPfile.1985:V123

34

1990:v881991:V1061996:v2191998:v2172000:v2422001:relig2002:v2892003;2006;2007:religgrp2004:v2992008;2010;2013:RELIGGRP

relig_issp V132,v88,V106 v219,v217,v242 relig v289,religgrp,v299,RELIGGRP(2008)

RELIGGRP(2010,2013)

1Catholic 10CatholicV106:11GreekCatholic

10Catholic11GreekCatholic

7AFS:OtherBlackindependentChurches8NederduitseGereformKerk9E:Christian10RomanCatholic11GreekCatholic

2RomanCatholic

1RomanCatholic

2Jewish 20Jewish 20Jewish 20Jewish 5Jewish 5Jewish3Muslim 30Moslem 30Moslem

(v217:Muslim,Islam)30Muslim,Islam 6Islam 6Islamic

4Protestant 40Baptist41Methodist42Lutheran43Presbyterian44ChurchofEngland45URC

40Baptist41Methodist42Lutheran43Presbyterian44ChurchofEngland45URC

33Mennonite40Baptist41Methodist42Lutheran,evangelicalchurch43Presbyterian,

3Protestant 2Protestant

35

46Episcopal47UnitedChurch(AUS)49Protestant(notelsewhereclassifiedornotspecified)V10648Protestantfreechurch60FreePresbyterian

46Episcopal47Unitarians48Protestantfreechurch49Protestant(notelsewhereclassifiedornotspecified)60GB:FreePresbyterian62Pentecostal65SeventhDayAdventists55CND:UnitedChurchofCanadaRUS:OldBelievers

ChurchofScotland44ChurchofEngland,Ireland,Anglican45URC/Congregational46Episcopal47Unitarians48Protestant(ev)freechurch49Protestant(notelseclass),reformatted55UnitedChurchCDN62Pentecostal60FreePresbyterian65SeventhDayAdventists80B:ProtestantPentecostal81B:NoProtestantPentecostal

5Hindu 51Hindu 51Hindu 51Hindu 8Hinduism 8Hindu6Buddhist 52Buddhist 52Buddhist 53Buddhist 7Buddhism 7Buddhist7Orthodox 54Orthodox 54EasternOrthodox 54EasternOrthodox 4ChristianOrthodox 3ChristianOrthodox8OtherChristian v88,V106:

92Otherreligion.D;GB:OtherChristianreligion

12RP:Aglipayan63Mormon64SalvationArmy,AssembliesofGod92OtherChristianreligionv217,v242:

12Aglipayan35Jehovah’switness36BornAgainChristian37ChurchofGod38Reform63Mormon64SalvationArmy,

9OtherChristianReligions

4OtherChristian

36

67CZ:Hussitesv242:70Jehovah’switnesses

AssembliesofGod67Hussites92OtherChristianreligion

9Otherreligion 53Sikh90OtherChristianandnon-Christianv88,V10693Othernon-Christian

31Druse50Shinto53Sikh61Brethren66NZ:Ratana93Othernon-Christian94Othernotclassifiedv217,v242:68USA:NativeAmerican69:USAInter-NondenominationalChurch

31Druse50Shinto53Sikh61Brethren66Ratana68USA:NativeAmerican69:USAInter-nondenominational70B:AfroBrazilianreligion93Othernon-Christian94Othernotclassified

10OtherEasternReligions11OtherReligionsv28912Othernon-ChristianReligions

9OtherAsianReligions10OtherReligions

10none 50Nodenominationgiven96Nonev88,V10691No(GB,USA:Christian)denominationgiven

90None91Nodenominationgiven

90None91Nodenominationgiven

1Noreligion 0Noreligion,CL:none,agnostic,atheist

Afrobarometer:religion_afbThereligionvariablehaddifferentnamesanddifferentcodesforthetworesponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheAfB.Thereligionvariablewasrecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedreligion_afbinthelongitudinalAfBdatafile.It

37

isnotavailableforwave1oftheAfrobarometerWave2:q85Wave3:q91Wave4:Q90Waves5&6:Q98A

religion_afb q85 q91 Q90 Q98A(wave5) Q98A(wave6)1Catholic 4Catholic 3Catholic 4RomanCatholic 4RomanCatholic 2RomanCatholic2Jewish 34Jewish3Muslim 3Islam

25SunniMuslim26IthnashiriMuslim(Shi’a)27IsmailiMuslim(Shi’a)28KhodjaMuslim(Shi’a)29MemonMuslim(Shi’a)30OtherMuslim

12Muslim,Sunni13Muslim,Shiite16Muslim(general/other)32MuslimTijane33MuslimMouride34MuslimLayene35MuslimKhadre

20Muslimonly21Sunnionly22Ismaeli23MouridiyaBrotherhood24TijaniyaBrotherhood25QadiriyaBrotherhood26Shiaonly46ConfrAriedelaWahhabiya

20Muslimonly21Sunnionly22Ismaeli23MouridiyaBrotherhood24TijaniyaBrotherhood25QadiriyaBrotherhood26Shiaonly69Izala101Ibadi

19Sunnionly20Ismaeli21MouridiyaBrotherhood22TijaniyaBrotherhood23QadiriyaBrotherhood24Shia501WahhabiyaBrotherhood502Hamalite/CherifdeNioroBrotherhood503AnsardineBrotherhood660Layene

4Protestant 5Protestant(mainstream)6Protestant(Evangelical/Pentecostal)

4Protestant(mainstream)5Protestant(Evangelical/Pentecostal)

7Anglican8Lutheran9Methodist10Presbyterian13Mennonite14Evangelical15Pentecostal

7Anglican8Lutheran9Methodist10Presbyterian13Mennonite14Evangelical15Pentecostal

5Anglican6Lutheran7Methodist11Mennonite12Evangelical13Pentecostal30DutchReformed

38

33DutchReform36IPCC37Calviniste(FJKM)48DutchReformed52DutchReformed54ReformedChurchinZimbabwe

32DutchReform33Calvinist

31Calvinist820UnitedChurchofZambia

5Hindu 9Hindu 8Hindu 28Hindu 28Hindu86Marathi87Tamil88Telegu

26Hindu900Tamil901Telegu92Marathi

6Buddhist 85Buddhist 7Orthodox 5Orthodox 5Orthodox

59Nationality3Orthodox

8otherChristian 7AfricanIndependentChurch12Christian13Jehovah’sWitness14SeventhDayAdventist/Mormon16RacionalismCristo17NovaApostolica18IgrejaJesusCristodosultimadias20ZionistChristianChurch21DutchChurch22Methodist23Apostolic31Quaker

6AfricanIndependentChurch7Christian(general/other)14Jehovah’switness15SeventhDayAdventist

3Christianonly6Coptic11Baptist12Quaker/Friends16Independent17Jehovah’sWitness18SeventhDayAdventist19Mormon32OtherChristian(Moravian)34UCCSA35ZCC40AfricanAbraham41ChurchofChrist42ApostolicFaith/NewUnited43LastChurch/Reform55SalvationArmy

3Christianonly6Coptic11Baptist12Quaker/Friends16Independent17Jehovah’sWitness18SeventhDayAdventist19Mormon34ChurchofChrist35ZionistChristianChurch36Apostolic37BrethreninChrist38NewApostolicChurch39OldApostolic40UCCSA41StJohnApostolic43Christian

1Christianonly4Coptic11Baptist10Quaker/Friends14Independent15Jehovah’sWitness16SeventhDayAdventist17Mormon32ChurchofChrist33ZionistChristianChurch35AssembliesofGod36NewApostolicChurch100CelestialChristianity220ChristianRationalism260ApostolicChurch

39

Rationalism50Rhema56BibleBelievers57CovenantChurch58Emmanuel65TwelveApostles67Nazaren68Topia71NGKerk72NazarethChurch73Voiceofunity/unityofChrist75CMML76FaithApostolic78UnitedChurchofZambia79Zaoga80SalvationArmy81JohanneMasowe83AfricanApostolicFaith84UnitedChurch91AssemblyofGod94CMA

300AfricanInlandChurch460LastChurchofGod461AfricanInternational462AfricanAbrahamChurch540OldApostolic541NazarenChurch822ChristianMissionsinManyLands860SalvationArmy1260AllianceChretienneetMissionnaire

9otherreligion 8Traditionalreligion32Neo-traditionalreligion33Other

7Traditionalreligion36Other

27Traditional/ethnicreligion29Bahai39Sukuti44ConfrAriedelaTrabiya45ConfrAriedelaHamadiya47Sidya

27Traditional/ethnicreligion29Bahai51VahaonyOloko52TobyBetela54LastChurch55UtopiaChurch61ConfreriedelaTrabiya

25Traditional/ethnicreligion27Bahai930BashariyaMission9995Other

40

49Izala50ConfrAriedesLayanes51ZionistChristianChurch53Zion56Other

62ConfreriedelaHamadiya89BashariyaMission90HisbulahMission92Harriste93ChristianismeCeleste102Other

10none 2none10Agnostic11Atheist

2none9Agnostic10Atheist

2none30Agnostic31Atheist

2none30Agnostic31Atheist

0none28Agnostic29Atheist

Theharmonisedmaritalreligionvariable–religion–wascodedtothemaximumpossiblenumberofdistinctcategoriesbasedontheinformationavailableacrossthedatasets.Therecodingofthevariablesfromeachofthedatasetsisshowninthetablebelow.

41

religion relig_ab denom f025 F025 F9 religion_lb relig_anb relig_cses rlgdnm religion_issp religion_afb0notreligious

4None 990None 0None 0noreligiousdenomination

13None2007:14None

13Agnostic14Atheist97none

11None 8100Agnostics8200Atheists8300None

0none 10None 10none

1Christian

1Catholic2Protestant5Evangelical

110Catholic120Protestant121ChurchofEngland122ChurchofScotland123ChurchofIreland124DanskeFolkekirke125Hervormd126Gereformeerd130Orthodox131GreekOrthodox141FreeChurch142Jehovah’sWitnesses143Methodist144Non-conformist145Presbyterian

28Freechurch/non-denominationalChurch52Orthodox62Protestant64RomanCatholic

1Aglipayan3Alliance5Anglican6ArmenianApostolicChurch7AssemblyofGod9Baptist10Bornagain11BrgySangBirhen13C&SCelestial15Catholic:doesn’tfollowrules16Charismatic17Christian18ChristianFellowship19ChristianReform20ChurchofChrist/ChurchofChristofLatter-daySaints23ElShaddai25Evangelical28Freechurch/Nondenominationalchurch29GreekCatholic30Gregorian33Hussite

1Catholic2ChristianreligionotherthanCatholic

1Catholic2Evangelicnospecification3EvangelicBaptist4EvangelicMethodist5EvangelicPentecostal6Adventist7Jehovah’sWitness8Mormon10Protestant15Christian18Orthodox

4Bornagain8RomanCatholic9Protestant

1000Christian(nodenominationgiven)1101RomanCatholic1102Eastern(GreekRite)CatholicChurch1199Catholic,Other1200Protestant,nodenominationgiven1201Adventist1203Baptist1204Congregational1205EuropeanFreeChurch(Anabaptists)1206Holiness1207Fundamentalist1208Lutheran1209Methodist1210Pentecostal1211Presbyterian1212Calvinist1213SalvationArmy/Salvationist1215Churches

1RomanCatholic2Protestant3EasternOrthodox4OtherChristiandenomination

1Catholic4Protestant7Orthodox8OtherChristian

1Catholic4Protestant7Orthodox8OtherChristian

42

34IglesianiCristo(INC)35IndependentAfricanChurch(e.g.ZCC,Shembe,etc)36IndependentChurch39Jehovah’switnesses40JesusisLord(JIL)41JesusMiracleCrusade44Lutheran45Mennonite46Methodists47Mita48Mormon51NewTestamentChrist/Biblist52Orthodox55Other:Christiancom60Pentecostal61Presbyterian62Protestant64RomanCatholic66SalvationArmy68SevenDayAdventist78TheChurch

ofChrist1216ReformedChurches1217ProtestantChurchoftheNetherlands1298Protestant,other1299Protestant,other1300Episcopalian,Anglican1401Independent-Fundamentalist1410Apostolic1420UnitedChurches1499Independent,other1501ChristianScientists1502Mormons,LatterDaySaints1503Unitarian,Universalist1504Jehovah’switnesses1599Non-traditionalProtestant,

43

ofSweden79TheWorldwideChurchofGod81Unitarian82United83UnitedChurchofChristinthePhilippines(UCCP)89NewApolosticChurch12001:DZ:Christian(Quakers,Jehovah’sWitnesses,Evangelical,Protestant)360001:AU:UnitingChurch528001:DutchReformed(NederlandsHervormd)528002ReformedChurchesintheNetherlands(Gereformeerd)71001:ZA:Evangelical/ApostolicFaithMission

other1600EasternOrthodoxChurch1699EasternOrthodoxChurch9101ReformedCalvinist

2Muslim

7Muslim 204Muslim 49Muslim 2Al-Hadis24Essid

3Muslim(Sunnah)

16Muslim 7Islam 3000Muslim,Mohammedan,

6Islamic 3Muslim 3Muslim

44

49Muslim63Qadiani70Shia75Sunni

4Muslim(Shiah)

Islam3100Sunni3200Shi-ism

3Other 3Othernon-Christian*6Traditional8Hindu

201Buddhist202Hindu203Jewish980other

12Buddhist31Hindu42Jew53Other

4Ancestralworshipping8Bahai12Buddhist14Caodai21Confucianism22Druse26Faithingod27Filipinista31Hindu32Hoahoa37IsraelitaNuevoPactoUniversal(FREPAP)38Jain42Jew43Ka-aElica50Native53Other53Other:Brasil:Espirit,candomble,Umbanda,esoterism,occultism56Other:Oriental57Other:Philippines(less0.5%)58Other:Taiwan

5Hindu6Buddhist(Mahayana)7Buddhist(Hinayana)8Confucian9Jewish10Sikh11Taoism12Other2007:5Hindu6Buddhist(Mahayana)7Buddhist(Theravada)8Confucian9Jewish10Sikh11Taoism12Shintoism13Other

9Jewish11Afro-Americancult,Umbandaetc12Believer,noChurch17Buddhist19Believer96Other

1Shinto2Taoism3Otherfolkreligions5Buddhism6Hinduism10Other12Jews13Sikh14Confucianism

2000Jewish3211Druse4000Buddhist4100Theravada4200Mahayana5000Hindu5500Jainism5600Sikhism6100Confucianism6200Taoism6300Shinto6401I-Kuan-Tao6500Traditionalfolkbelief/Nichiren7100Pagan,Heathen,TribalReligions7200Spiritism7500Bahai7900Ethno-religionist,other7901Ethno-religionist,other8000otherWave4only:Seeindividual

5Jewish7Easternreligions8Othernon-Christianreligions

2Jewish5Hindu6Buddhist9Otherreligion*

2Jewish5Hindu6Buddhist9Otherreligion

45

*In2004;2006;2007;2008oftheAmericasBarometer,this‘other’categoryincludesMuslims;inwave1oftheAsianBarometerthe‘other’categoryincludesChristianswhoareclassedasneitherProtestantnorCatholic

(Taoism,protestantfundam,.ancientcults)59Paganism65Rosacruz67SelfLealisationFellowship69Shenism(ChineseReligion)71Sikh72Sisewiss73Spiritista74Spiritualists76Tac77Taoist80Theosofists84Wicca85Zionist86Zoroastrian87Ratana88Ringatu90YiguanDao91Daolism710002:ZA:AfricanTraditionalReligion

electionstudynotes:9001,9002,9003,9004,9005,9006,90079600othernotspecified

46

Education–Categorical

Highesteducationalattainment

Variablename:educ1primaryorless2secondary3post-secondary

NotavailableintheEurobarometer,AmericasBarometer,ISSP,andtheLatinobarometer

Thisvariablewasconstructedaccordingtotherulethateachcategory(primaryorless;secondary;post-secondary)containsrespondentswhohavesomeofthislevelofeducationalattainmentbuthavenotnecessarilycompletedit.So,forexample,‘secondary’containsthosewhohavesomesecondaryeducationbuthavenotcompletedit,aswellasthosewhocompletedtheirsecondaryeducation.

Thisvariableonlyincludesvariablesfromdatasetswhichexplicitlyaskedrespondentswhattheirhighestlevelofeducationalattainmentwas.

EVS:x025Highesteducationallevelattainedbytherespondent.Country-specificmeasureswereobtainedandthentransformedintothiscross-nationalvariablebytheEVS.

WVS:X025Highesteducationallevelattainedbytherespondent.Country-specificmeasureswereobtainedandthentransformedintothiscross-nationalvariablebytheWVS.

Afrobarometer:education_afbTheeducationvariablehaddifferentnamesanddifferentcodesforthetworesponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheAfB.Theeducationvariablewasrecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamededucation_afbinthelongitudinalAfBdatafile.

47

Wave1:educWave2:q84Wave3:q90Wave4:Q89Wave5&6:Q97

education_afb educ q84/q90/Q89/Q97(wave5) Q97(wave6)1noformalschooling 1noformalschooling 2noformalschooling

3informalschoolingonly0noformalschooling1informalschoolingonly

2primary 2primaryonly 4someprimaryschooling5primaryschoolcompleted

2someprimaryschooling3primaryschoolcompleted

3secondary 3secondary 6somesecondaryschool/highschool7secondaryschoolcompleted/highschool

4somesecondaryschool/highschool5secondaryschool/highschoolcompleted

4post-secondary 4post-secondary 8post-secondaryqualifications,notuniversity9someuniversity,college10University,collegecompleted11post-graduate

6post-secondaryqualifications,other7someuniversity8universitycompleted9post-graduate

AsianBarometer:education_anbThecategoricaleducationvariablehadthesameresponsecodesineachwaveoftheAsianBarometerbutdifferentvariablesname.Theyweremergedandre-namededucation_anbinthelongitudinalAsianBarometerdatafile.Wave1&2:se005Wave3:se5

CEEB:V127

48

CSES:edu_csesTheeducationvariableinthe4thwaveoftheCSEShaddifferentresponsecategoriesandadifferentvariablenametothatinwaves1-3.Thevariablesweremergedasshowninthetablebelowandre-namededu_csesinthelongitudinalCSESdatafile.Waves1-3:iA2003_mWave4:D2003

edu_cses iA2003_m D20031primary 1primaryeducationornone 1earlychildhoodeducation

2primary2secondary 2secondaryeducation(incompleteor

complete)3lowersecondary4uppersecondary

3post-secondary 3post-secondaryeducation 5post-secondarynon-tertiary6short-cycletertiary7bachelororequivalent8masterorequivalent9doctoralorequivalent

ESS:eiscedThisisaharmonisedvariablewithintheESS,createdfromcountry-specificquestions.

AsiaBarometer:educ_asiabAllwavesoftheAsiaBarometerhavethesamevariablenameandresponsecategoriesforeducationexceptfor2006,whichcontainscountry-specificvariablesforeducation.Theresponsecodeswerealsodifferentforthefinalwave,2007.Thesevariablesweremergedtogetherasshowninthetablebelowandnamededuc_asiabinthelongitudinaldatafile.Insomecases,the‘elementary/primaryschool’iscontainedinthesamecategoryas‘juniorhighschool.’Whereelementaryorprimaryschoolwasexplicitlymentioned,theserespondentswereincludedinthe‘primaryorless’category.2003,2004,2005,2007:F32006:F3_CH(China);F3_HK(HongKong);F3_JP(Japan);F3_KR(Korea);F3_SG(Singapore);F3_TW(Taiwan);F3_VN(Vietnam)

49

educ_asiab F3(2003-2005)

F3_CH F3_HK F3_JP F3_KR F3_SG F3_TW F3_VN F3(2007)

1primaryorless

1noformaleducation2elementaryschool/juniorhighschool

1primaryschoolorbelow

1noformaleducation2primaryschool

1Primaryschool/juniorhighschool

1elementaryschool

1noformaleducation2primaryschool

1noformaleducation2elementaryschool

1noformaleducation2Grade1-5

1noformaleducation2elementary/juniorschool

2secondary

3highschool4high-school-levelvocationaltechnicalschool5Professionalschool/technicalschool

2Juniorhighschool/middleschool3Highschool/vocationalschool4Collegeschool

3lowersecondaryschool4seniorsecondaryschool5Matriculation

2highschool3technicalschool

2middleschool3highschool

3secondaryschool/GCEOlevel

3Juniorhigherschool/middleschool4Highschool/Vocationalschool

3Grade6-94Grade10-12

3highschool

3post-secondary

6University/graduateschool

5University6Graduateschoolorabove

6College/Universityorabove

4College5University/Graduateschool

4College/University5Graduateschoolorabove

4Postsecondary(ITE)5GCEA/Diploma6University/Graduateschool

5Collegeschool6University/Graduateschool

5Studyingincollege6Graduatedcollege7Studyinginuniversity8Graduateduniversity9Post-secondary

4Professional/technicalschool5University/Graduateschool

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Theharmonisededucationvariable–educ–wascodedtothemaximumpossiblenumberofdistinctcategoriesbasedontheinformationavailableacrossthedatasets.Therecodingofthevariablesfromeachofthedatasetsisshowninthetablebelow.

educ x025/X025 education_afb

education_anb

V127 edu_cses EISCED educ_asiab

1primaryorless

1inadequatelycompletedelementaryeducation2completed(compulsory)elementaryeducation

1noformalschooling2primary

1noformaleducation2incompleteelementary3completedelementary11other(wave2only)

1primaryorless

1primary 1lessthanlowersecondary

1primaryorless

2secondary 3incompletesecondaryschool:technical/vocationaltype4completesecondaryschool:technical/vocationaltype/secondary5incompletesecondary:

3secondary 4incompletesecondary5completesecondary6incompletehighschool7completehighschool

2secondaryuncompleted3secondarycompleted

2secondary 2lowersecondary3uppersecondary3uppersecondary,vocationalornoaccessV14uppersecondary,generaland/oraccesstoV15advancedvocational,

2secondary

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university-preparatorytype/fullsecondary6completesecondary:university-preparatorytype/fullsecondary

sub-degree

3post-secondary

7someuniversitywithoutdegree/highereducation8universitywithdegree/highereducation–upper-leveltertiary

4post-secondary

8someuniversity/college9university/college10postgraduate

4highereducation/university/college

3post-secondary

6lowertertiaryeducation,BAlevel7highertertiaryeducation,MAlevel

3post-secondary

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Education–Categoricalbasedonyearsofeducation/agelefteducation

Highesteducationalattainmentconstructedfromeitheryearsofeducationoragelefteducation

Variablename:educ_yr1primaryorless2secondary3post-secondary

Insomedatasets,respondentswereaskedhowmanyyearsofeducationtheyhadorwhatagetheylefteducation.Thiswasconstructedintoacategoricalvariable–educ_yr–whichcanbemergedwitheductogetgreatercoverageontheeducationvariableacrossdatasets,andthusyearsandcountries..Somedatasetshavebotheducandeduc_yr.

Thefollowingruleswereapplied:Primaryorless:6yearsofschoolingorless,orleavingschoolatage14oryoungerSecondary:7-12yearsofschooling,orleavingschoolagedbetween15and20Post-secondary:13+yearsofschooling,orleavingschoolattheageof21orolder

NotavailableintheAfrobarometer,AsianBarometer,CEEB,CSES

AmericasBarometer:edYearsofSchooling:0-17,18+

ESS:eduyrsYearsoffull-timeeducationcompleted

ISSP:eduyears_isspYearsofeducationThenameofthisvariablechangedacrossthedifferentwavesoftheISSP.Thevariablesweremergedandrenamededuyears_isspinthelongitudinalISSPdatafile.Somerecodingwasdonetoensureconsistencyacrosswavesasshowninthetablebelow.1985:V122

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1990:v801991:v981996,1998,2000,2002,2004:v2042001,2003,2006,2007:educyrs2008,2010,2013:EDUCYRS

eduyears_issp V122 v80 v98 v204/educyrs EDUCYRS0-94 0-93 0-93 0-93 0-93 0-9395stillinschool 95stillatschool 95stillatschool 95stillatschool 95stillatschool

97noformalschooling,stillatschool(thiscategoryisnotpresentin2003,2004,2006,or2007)

95stillatschool

96stillincollege 96stillatcollege 96stillatcollege 96stillatcollege 96stillatcollege 96stillincollege

Latinobarometer:education_lbYearsofeducationcompletedThevariablenamesforyearsofeducationfordifferentwavesintheLatinobarometeraredifferent,buttheresponsecategoriesremainthesame.Theyweremergedandrenamededucation_lbinthelongitudinalLatinobarometerdatafile.1995:s171996:s141997:s101998,2005,2006:s112000:S62001,2002,2003,2004:s62007,2008:s15

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2009:s122010:S142011:S212013:S172015:S19

Eurobarometer:educAgefinishedfull-timeeducation

EVS:x023Agefinishedfull-timeeducation

WVS:X023Agefinishedfull-timeeducation

educ_yr ed eduyears_issp education_lb eduyrs educ x023/X0231primaryorless

0-6 1-695:stillatschool

1:withouteducation2:1year3:2years4:3years5:4years6:5years7:6years

0-6 1:upto14 0-14

2secondary 7-12 7-1296:stillatcollege

8:7years9:8years10:9years11:10years12:11years13:12years16:high

7-12 2:153:164:175:186:197:20

15-20

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school/academies/incompletetechnicaltraining17:highschool/academies/completetechnicaltraining

3post-secondary

13-17,18+ 13-93 14:incompleteuniversity15:completeduniversity

13-56 8:219:22orolder

21-99

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Employmentstatus

Variablename:employment1Working2Unemployed

NotavailableintheCEEB

Thisismostlyconstructedfromvariablesaskingspecificallyaboutemploymentstatus.Insomecases,anoccupationvariablewhichalsoincludedinformationonwhethertherespondentwasunemployedisused.

Afrobarometer:employment_afbTheemploymentstatusvariablehaddifferentnamesanddifferentcodesforthetworesponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheAfB.Thevariablewasrecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedemployment_afbinthelongitudinalAfBdatafile.Itisnotavailableforwave1oftheAfrobarometer.Wave2:q89Wave3:q94wave4:Q94Wave5:Q96Wave6:Q95

employment_afb q89/q94/Q94 Q96 Q951notemployed 2no(notlooking)

3no(looking)2no(notlooking)3no(looking)

0no(notlooking)1no(looking)

2part-timeemployed 4yes,part-time(notlooking)5yes,party-time(looking)

4yes,part-time 2yes,part-time

3full-timeemployed 6yes,full-time(notlooking)7yes,full-time(looking)

5yes,full-time 3yes,full-time

AmericasBarometer:ocup4a

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AsianBarometer:employed_anbTheemploymentstatusvariablehaddifferentnamesanddifferentcodesforthetworesponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheAsianBarometer.Thevariablewasrecodedasshowninthetablebelowandthevariablewasnamedemployment_anbinthelongitudinalAsianBarometerdatafile.Itisnotavailableforwave1oftheAsianBarometer.Wave2:se012aWave3:se9

employed_anb se012a se91employed 1hiredworkers

2employersandself-employed3Purelypropertyowner11respondentisalsothechiefwageearner

1employed

2unemployed 4unpaidfamilyworkers5presentlyunemployedbutlookingforwork6presentlyunemployedbutnotlookingforwork7neverworkedbefore

2notemployed

CSES:employment_csesThevariablenameandresponsecategoriesforemploymentstatusaredifferentinwave4oftheCSEScomparedtowaves1-3.Thetwovariablesweremergedasshowninthetablebelowandrenamedemployment_csesinthelongitudinalCSESdatafile.‘Helpingfamilymember’isincludedinthe‘employed’categorywaves1-3,butinthe‘housewife,carer’categoryinwave4waves1-3:iA2007_mWave4:D2010

employment_cses iA2007_m D20101employed 1employed:full-time;part-time,less

than15hours,helpingfamilymember1employed–full-time2employed–part-time

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3employed–lessthan15hours2unemployed 5unemployed 5unemployed3student 6student,inschool,invocationaltraining 6student,inschool,invocationaltraining4retired 7retired 7retired5housewife,carer 8housewife,homeduties 4helpingfamilymember

8housewife,homeduties6permanentlydisabled 9permanentlydisabled 9permanentlydisabled7others 10others,notinlabourforce 10others,notinlabourforce

ESS:pdwrkWhatwereyoudoinginthelastsevendays?

Eurobarometer:occupOccupation

EVS:x028

ISSP:employment_isspTheemploymentstatusvariableshaddifferentnamesandresponsecategoriesinthevariouswavesoftheISSP.Thesewererecodedsothevariableemployment_isspwithconsistentresponsecategoriesforeachwavewasincludedinthelongitudinalISSPfile.1985:V1091990:v631991:v811996,1998:v2062000:v2312001,2003,2006,2007:wrkst2002:v2392004:v244

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2008:WRKST2010,2013:MAINSTAT

employment_issp V109 v63/v81/v206/v231/wrkst/v239/v244/WRKST

MAINSTAT

0unemployed 1unemployed 1full-timeemployed,mainjob2part-timeemployed,mainjob3lessthanpart-timewrkst(2001)only:11AFS,B:self-employed

1inpaidwork

1employed 2employed 4helpingfamilymember5unemployed6student,atschool,ineducation,vocationaltraining,ingovernmentactivelabourmarketprogrammes,ongovernmenttrainingscheme7retired8housewife,homeduties9permanentlydisabled,sick10others,notinlabourforce,notworking

2unemployedandlookingforajob3ineducation4apprenticeortrainee5permanentlysickordisabled6retired7domesticwork8compulsorymilitary/communityservice9other10temporarysick

Latinobarometer:employment_lbThevariablesnamesweredifferentforeachwaveoftheLatinobarometer,buttheresponsecategoriesforemploymentstatusremainedthesame.Theemploymentstatusvariableswererenamedemployment_lbinthelongitudinalLatinobarometerdatafile.

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1995:s101996,1997,1998:s7a2000:S8A2001,2002,2003,2004:s8a2005,2006:s13a2007,2008:s17a2009:s14a2010:S16A2011:S23A2013:S19_A2015:S21_A

WVS:X028

AsiaBarometer:F6Occupation

Theharmonisedemploymentstatusvariable–employment–wascodedtothemaximumpossiblenumberofdistinctcategoriesbasedontheinformationavailableacrossthedatasets.Therecodingofthevariablesfromeachofthedatasetsisshowninthetablebelow.

employment employment_afb ocup4a employed_anb employment_cses pdwrk Occup x028/X028 F6 employment_issp

Employment_lb

1Working 2part-timeemployed

1working 1employed 1employed 1workedinlast7days

110farmer/fisherman111farmer112fisherman120self-employedprofessional

1full-time2part-time(lessthan30hoursperweek)3self-employed

1self-employedinagriculture,forestry,orfisheries2businessownerinminingor

1employed 1self-employed2salariedemployeeinapubliccompany3salariedemployee

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(lawyer,medicalpractitioner,accountant,architect)130ownerofashop,craftsmen,businessproprietor131ownerofashop,craftsmen,otherselfemployedperson132businessproprietors,ownerofacompany210employedprofessional(lawyer,medicalpractitioner,accountant,architect)220executive,topmanagement,director,generalmanagement230middlemanagement,othermanagement(departmenthead,juniormanager,

manufactoringindustryofanorganisationwithupto30employees3businessownerofaretailorganisationwithupto30employees4vendororstreettrader5businessownerormanagerofanorganisationwithover30employees6self-employedprofessional(self-employeddoctors,lawyers,writersetc)7seniormanager8employedprofessionalorspecialist9clericalworkers10sales11manualworker(includingskilledandsemi-skilled)12driver13other

inaprivatecompany

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teacher,technician)310employedposition,workingmainlyatadesk311whitecollar312otherofficeemployees320non-officeemployees,nonmanualworkers(servicesectore.g.shopassistant)321employedposition,notatadeskbuttravelling322employedposition,notatadesk,butinaservicejob410manualworker411skilledmanualworker412supervisor413other

worker

2 3full-time 2not 2not 2unemployed 0did 500 4retired/ 14 0 4

63

Unemployed employed working,buthaveajob3activelylookingforajob4student5takingcareofthehome6retired,pensionerorpermanentlydisabledtowork7notworkingandnotlookingforajob

employed 3student4retired5housewife,carer6permanentlydisabled7others

notworkinthelast7days

responsibilityforordinaryshoppingandlookingafterthehomeorwithoutanycurrentoccupation,notworking/student/military510housewife,nototherwiseemployed,responsibleforordinaryshoppingandlookingafterthehomeorwithoutanycurrentoccupation,notworking520student/militaryservice521student522militaryservice530retired,retiredorunabletoworkthroughillness540unemployed,temporarilynotworking,unemployed

pensioned5housewife(nototherwiseemployed)6student7unemployed8other

homemaker15student16retired17unemployed18unemployedother

unemployed temporarilyoutofwork5retired6don’twork/responsibleforshoppingandhousework7student

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Income

Variablename:income_10Incomedeciles,1-10

Variablename:income_5Incomequintiles,1-5

NotavailableintheAmericasBarometerorLatinobarometer

Duetothemanydifferentwaysinwhichincomeismeasuredbetweendatasets,harmonisedincomevariableswerecreated.Respondentsweresortedintodecilesandquintileswithineachcountryandsurveyyear.Thesevariableswereconstructedinthefollowingway:

AfrobarometerOnlyavailableinwave2.Incomeisalreadygivenindeciles,andthisisrenamedincome_10.income_5iscreatedfromthis.Variablename:q90.Responsecategories:2none;31stdecile;42nddecile;53rddecile;64thdecile;75thdecile;86thdecile;97thdecile;108thdecile;119thdecile;1210thdecile.income_10=q90–2tomakecategoryvaluesconsistentwiththeotherdatasetsincome_5=income_10convertedintoquintiles.

AsiaBarometerTheAsiaBarometerputsrespondentsintosetsofcountry-specificincomegroups,thenumberandsizeofwhichdifferbetweencountries.Thereisaseparateincomevariableforeachcountryineachyear.Theseareconvertedtodecilesandquintilesandrenamedincome_10andincome_5.Variablenames:2003,2004,2006,2007:F8_JP,F8_SKF8_CH,F8_MA,F8_TH,F8_VN,F8_MY,F8_IN,F8_SR,F8_UZ,F8_KH,F8_ID,F8_MM,F8_PH,F8_SG,F8_KR,F8_LA,F8_LA,F8_BN,F8_HK,F8_TW,F8_CM,F8_LS,F8-ML2005:F8AF,F8BA,F8BH,F8IN,F8KA,F8KY,F8MA,F8MO,F8NE,F8PA,F8SR,F8TA,F8TU,F8UZ

65

AsianBarometerTheAsianBarometerprovidesincomeincountry-yearspecificquintiles;onlyincome_5isavailableintheAsianBarometer.Theincomevariablenameschangeacrosswavesandsoarerenamedincome_5.Variablenames:Waves1&2:se009Wave3:se13

CEEBTheCEEBputsrespondentsintosetsofcountry-specificincomegroups,thenumberandsizeofwhichdifferbetweencountries.Thereisaseparateincomevariableforeachcountryineachyear.Theseareconvertedtodecilesandquintilesandrenamedincome_10andincome_5.Variablenames:V134-V206

CSESIncomeisprovidedasafive-categoryvariable,whichareformostcountries/yearsnotquintiles.VariablenamesWaves1-3:iA2012_mWave4:D2020

EurobarometerIncomeiscodedinavarietyofdifferentwaysbetweencountriesandyears;theMannheimTrendfileharmonisesthisintoa13-categoryvariable.Thisisconvertedintoincome_10andincome_5.Variablename:income

ESSInthefirstthreewaves,incomeiscodedin10stepswhererespondentsplacethemselvesinanincomecategory.Forthelastfourwaves,incomeisplacedindecilesalthoughitisunclearwhetherthisisincountry-specificdeciles.Thesetwovariablesareconvertedtoincome_10andincome_5Variablenames:

66

2002,2004,2006:hinctnt2008,2010,2013,2014:hinctnta

EVS/WVSIncomeisgivenasa10-pointscale.Respondentsareshown10stepsofnation-specificincomecodesandpickwhichsteptheyarein.ThisisthenharmonisedacrosscountriesintheEVSandWVS.Thisvariableisconvertedintoincome_10andincome_5Variablenames:EVS:x047;WVS:X047

ISSPAvailablein1996,1998,2000,2003,and2004Theincomevariablescontain~10categoriespercountrywhichrespondentsplacethemselvesin.Thevariablesinthevariousyearsareconvertedintothecountry-specificdeciles(income_10)andquintiles(income_5)Variablenames:1996:v2171998:v2152000:v2402003:rincome2004:v254

67

FinancialSatisfaction

Variablename:econsit0(notatallsatisfied)–100(verysatisfied)

Measureofsubjectivesatisfactionwithownfinancialandeconomicsituation.Answersinvariousdatasetsaregivenona5-pointor10-pointscale.Thesevariablesarerecodedwhereappropriatesothatnotsatisfiedgetsthelowestscoreandverysatisfiedthehighest,andarethentransformedtoa0-100scale.Seebelowfordetails.

NotavailableintheAfrobarometer,AsiaBarometer,CEEB,CSES,ESS,Eurobarometer,ISSP

AmericasBarometer:idio1Qwording:Howwouldyourateyouroveralleconomicsituation?Responses:1verygood;2good;3neithergoodnorbad(fair);4bad;5verybad(terrible)idio1recodedso1verybad(terrible);2bad;3neithergoodnorbad(fair);4good;5verygoodeconsit=((idio1–1)/4)×100

AsianBarometer:finan_satis_anbQwording:Asforyourownfamily,howdoyourateyoureconomicsituationtoday?ThevariableshavedifferentresponsecategoriesandnamesfordifferentwavesoftheAsianBarometer.Theyweremergedtogetherandrenamedfinan_satis_anbinthelongitudinalAsianBarometerdatafile.Waves1&2:q004Wave3:q4

finan_satis_anb q004 q41verybad 1verybad 5verybad2bad 2bad 4bad3neither 3soso(notgoodorbad) 3soso(notgoodorbad)4good 4good 2good5verygood 5verygood 1verygood

68

econsit=((finan_satis_anb−1)/4)×100

EVS:c006Qwording:Howsatisfiedareyouwiththefinancialsituationofyourhousehold?1completelydissatisfied–10completelysatisfiedeconsit=((c006–1)/9)×100

WVS:C006Qwording:Howsatisfiedareyouwiththefinancialsituationofyourhousehold?1completelydissatisfied–10completelysatisfiedeconsit=((C006–1)/9)×100

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3.Missingcodes

Eachdatasethasitsownwayofrepresentingmissinginformation.Wecodedalltheseresponsesas‘missing’intheharmonisedvariablesabove.Themissingcodesineachdatasetareasfollows:

AfrobarometerThemissingcodeschangefromvariabletovariabledependingonhowmanycategoriesthatvariablehas

AmericasBarometer.znotasked;.adon’tknow;.bnoresponse;.cnotapplicable

AsiaBarometerAllmissingvaluesarejustmissing

AsianBarometerThemissingcodeschangefromvariabletovariabledependingonhowmanycategoriesthatvariablehas

CEEBAllmissingvaluesarejustmissing

CSESWaves1-3:-1refused;-2don’tknow;-3missingWave4:dependedonthenumberofcategoriesavariablehas:-7refused;8don’tknow;9missing-97refused;98don’tknow;99missing-9997refused;9998don’tknow;9999missing

Eurobarometer8DK,NA;9INAP.Ifmorethan8categories:98DNK,NA;99INAP

70

ESSDependedonhowmanycategoriesavariablehas:-7refusal;8DK;9noanswer-66NA;77refusal;88DK;99noanswer-7777refusal;8888DK;9999noanswer

EVS.aothermissing;.bquestionnotasked;.cnotapplicable;.dnoanswer;.edon’tknow

ISSP1985,1986:8can'tchoose;9NA;0Notavailableor98don'tknow,99NA,00notapplicable.2002:.n=N/A,refused,don'tknow2003onwards:.ccan'tchoose;.nNA/refused

Latinobarometer-1don’tknow;-2noanswer/refused;-3notapplicable;-4notasked

WVS-1don’tknow;-2noanswer;-3notapplicable;-4notaskedinsurvey;-5missing:unknown