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DIXON

HEMPENSTALL.111 GRAFTON ST.

~.EGI~TERED AT THE G.P.O. AS A NEW’SPAFER

Vol. VIII--No. 4 THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 24th, 1960

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COFFEE ROOMMore Room for Socialists

and Pseudosrr~HE scheme for the extension of the Coffee Bar is now under way.

Having been mooted for some time, this is at last belong put intoaction. The ground floors in No. 11 are being utilised for the purpose.

Unfortunately for its pa, trons there~ill be no cormection between the twoparts of the coffee-bar except throughthe kitchen. Anyway, as someone said"It’s more fun going in through twodoors."

The furniture of ,the new room willprobably be slightly different. The"knee-bl~eakers" of tables will be re-placed by ssmething higher and therewill be a more extensive use of wall

!benches. (Will this lead to more people!adopting the elegant Roman recumbent

position, while drinking ?)The opinions of the inhabitants of �he

coffee bar were varied but favourable.One young Modern Languages studentsaid that at least it would give herenough room to play her guitar. Othersmid that at las.~ there would be a placeto sit without having to lean on some-body’s shoulder or sit on their lap.

There was a suggestion from one publicschool man that there should be one roomfor the British and one for foreigners. Asin everything in Trinity �he natives areignored. But from the point of view ofthe staff, the extension is a very goodidea as it will mean slackening of pros-rare during peak hours. At most, it isthought custom will increase by about aNff, which will mean Chat there will be~oom for all to sit without having thatpushing, shouting, mob (me meets in the¢~ffee-bar at lunch-time.

IRELAND: LIBERTY?Next week we are plamaing to gather

together and publish a variety ofopinions on a particular aspect of Irishlife ~ the unofficial constriction of any

of original thought or action whichseems to exist in this country. Webelieve this to be a highly important ~dSuch under-discussed question, and weiitpe for the fullest ca-operatign from~y of our readers whom we mayapproach.

IOLSCOIL BHAILE ATHA CLIATHTionn61adh an ch~ad chruinnifi den

Chumann Gaelach oiche D6 Luain SeeCaite. Bhi uachtarAn an chumainn, ant-Ollamh Daithi O hUaithne ag caint arStair na Gaeilge Sa Chol~iste. Chualaslua maith macl~inn an chaint Suimidil athug an t-Ollamh.

Bhf beirt bhale de’n Chumannpfiirteach in eadardhiospo~reacht anehomhchadraimh san ollscoil N~isulntaIhi hAoine See Caite.

INI

Dining .... Dancing ....

Floorshow . . ¯ Nightly . . .

Table d’Hote Dinner and a la

Carte . . No Cover Charge . .

~.Licensed to Mid.night . . .

Informal Dresb . . .

LUNCHEONS DAILY

12.30-3 p.m.

tt IETIlOPOLE

ST., DUBLIN

-- Courtesy "’ Irish Times."

Mr. S4an MacBride, S.C., who will becoming on Tuesday next to the LawSociety Inaugural, a~td on Wednesday totake the chair at the Hist. debate (m themotion: "That Indian Neutrality is a

Theat to World Peace."

HIST: MISOGYNY?Felicity Fights

THE affair of the election of Miss Felicity Miller to the CollegeHistorical Society is taking a number of wholly unforeseen turns.

The lady in question has already appeared in the Conversatio~ Room ofher new Society, where she enjoyed a pleasant perusal of the day’spapers--surrotmded by shocked and speechless officers, gentlemen, etc.

The trouble seems to be that nothingcan be found in the laws against herbeing a member. When the Society wasfounded, the idea of this kind ofsacrilege taking place just didn’t occurto anyone; and the result is that MissMiller is now in, and it’s very hard tosee how she can be got out.

To amend the laws--in order to inserta new one saying ladies may not bemembers--requires a fortnight’s noticein writing, to be given to the Society inprivate business. So taking that wayout would leave Miss Miller in occupationfor the rest of term. Expert opinion pre-dicts an Auditorial ruling to oust her--which perhaps happened as we went topress last night.

Old traditionalists will be glad to hearthat in a " Trinity News" interview,your heroine told us that she would notattend the meeting: " I just haven’t gotthe nerve." However, she assures usthat she is fired with a .deep affectionfor the Society, and a deeper pride .inher unique position. She has every re-tention of maintaining it for as long asshe can.

IRISH ECONOMISTSThe Annual Congress of Commerce

and Economics Students is being held inTrinity this year. It began yesterday,and will continue until Friday, endingwith a visit to the brewery and dinnerat Power’s--which is as good a way asany. Papers are being read in theG.M.B. on all aspects of Irish and someaspects of international economics.

MEANINGWAITING FORMiss Anne Leonard, Chairman of the

Mod. Lang., enjoys Samuel Beekett morethan I do. Molloy and Malone are thedeformed offspring o’i Joyce’s MollyBloom languishing ’verbosely in her late-night bed. Miss Leonard, dealing withBeckett’s novels, spoke enthusiasticallyand sympathetically, revealing t h ehumour behind some o~ Beckett’s writ-ing. She mentioned his narrow range(age and death) and his purposeful lackof plot and logical development. "MaloneDies," she said, is the most striking, andin " The Unnamable," the third novel of,and the key to, the trilogy, Beckettclaims to have written the first two inorder to talk about himself through hischaracters. On the negative side is theauthor’s disgusted attitude to the body(all his characters are sick, old, dirtyand hideous--the body i~ a burden).Beckett writes of the tyranny el bodilydecay and man’s essential aloneness. Thequesting and efforts of his charactersshould, I suppose, provide a positivebalance, but they lead nowhere. MissLeonard found Beckett’s treatment ofthe sexual and excretory functions amus-ing. I don’t. Though they are physically

juxtaposed, it is completely decadent toconfuse the two as Beckettt does. InBeckett’s characterisations there is littleor no differentiation between them (onecreative, the other the opposite), andMiss Leonard did not mention this fact,which for me sums up Beckett’s attitude.

Mr. Michael Scott, the designer of theBusarus, talked about the Busarus and thesecurity of wearing braces. He ’foundBeckett a religious humanist and at thesame time a fine example of the Irish in-capacity for pleasure. Mr. Alan Simpsonspoke seriously (having apologised for

" ’Sh~s lack of humour) about Beckettplays. He thought them to be a finemixture of intellect, compassion andcraftsmanship. Miss Dorothy Cole spokein immaculate French and mentionedJoyce and Pinter. Mr. Niall Mont-gomery swept with breathtaking speedand humour through Plato, Yeats andJoyce/ the last two being, he said,examples of the Irish love of falsenessand lies. He ended with a coy referenceto Miss Cole’s stockings. ProfessorArnold, in the chair, gave a lengthy briefsumming up.

Freshets’ AnniversaryChekhov might seem at first glance .~o

be over ambitious for "mere freshets"but they managed to perform the "Anni-

versary" successfully. The play is aslight comedy, like "The Bear" whOcnPlayers put on last term. The produc-tion was competent, but inclined to dragat ,gimes. ian Blake, the producer,should have made suve that the accentsof his actors were not so incongruous asto include low Dublin and low (u:fidenti-fled) English.

Of the actors, the best was RobertHutcheson, who played the part of aworking and down,trodden pa~ner in abank. His manner, voice and attitudeconveyed a kind of sordid shabbiness.He kept acting all the time and wasobviously still a perso,n; he did not ceaseto exist when he was in the background.As for Merchutkina, a small civil ser-vant’s wife, played by Penny Gibbon--this part was to a certain extent

underacted, quite a fault in a playlike this. To the other extreme wentRoger Brown (Shipurchin) and Eliza-beth Johnson (Tabayna, his wife). Shedefinitely over-acted, but did zmt thusspoil ,the play. Her silliness and supea’-ficiality were perhaps Leo much empha-sised, but they were necessary to thedevelopment of the play. Roger Brownwas unfortunately a little too young-looking for his part, but managed tocarry it off wi’~h the insouciance andelegance required.

The climax of the play came with thehysterics of Tabanya and the temper ofKhivin, the partner. This was the mostsuccessful point i,n the play, which upto then had been rather slow-moving,Though I mentioned earlier .that thiswas a Freshers’ play, there were infact only two in it. It augurs well forPlayers that the standard of acting wasbighe.r than in the corresponding playlas~ year.

Fallon by the

GallonMr. Bernard Adt~ms read his paper

entitled "The Works of Sdan O’Casey"to the "Phil" last Thursday night. Thiswas a very fine paper and set a s£an-dard which unfortunately was not main-rained throughout the rest of theevening. Mr. Adams vividly presentedthe O’Casey searching for escape fromthe squalor of the Dublin slums, the re-sulting militant socialist, the patrioticsecretary of the Irish Ci, tize~, Army andfinally the didactic dramatist. He pro-ceeded to give an excellent survey andanalysis of O’Casey’s works, dealingmainly with his earliest plays.

The Distinguished Visitor, Mr. GabrielFallen, an ex-actor and one-time friendof O’Casey’s, gave us some .of hismemories of the young playwright:. Hispersonal reminiscences included same ofW. B. Yeats and the riot a’~ the end ofthe third act of "Jingo and the Paycock."The latter was described amusingly andin great detail. Mr. Fallen disappointedthe house somewhat by not adding any-thing of real literary interest to thepaper. In a very lengthy speech hespoke ~o20’Casey the man, rather thanO’Casey the Dramatist.

It was a welcome change to hear aliterary paper, and an excellent one atthat, in the Phil, which has beem in-volved in power poli¢ics for the last fewmeetings.

Stalin and SartreA glance at the term’s Metaphysical

Society programme shows much to one’ssurprise that the Hegelian postulate"tha,~ philosophy embraces everything*’would seem to have some relevance totruth. Having dealt with science andintentions the next two meetings areequally in diverse nature.

Next Monday the Society is holdLng ajoin,~ meeting with the Mod. Lang.Society in number 7 at 3.15. Miss CarolChallen and Jack Daniels are each read-ing a paper on Jean-Paul Satre. Dr.Sheehy Skeffington will be in the Chair,and the~ guest speaker will be the ~iis-tinguished author and authority onexistentialism, Mr. Arland Ussher.

The following Monday, December 5th,Mr. Alisdair MaeIntyre of LeedsUniversi,~y will read a paper in theG.M.B. at 5.00, entitled "Stalinism: Con-cepts and Te~ror." I¢ will be a study ofStalin’s philosophical writings in thelight of the nature of his regime.

Soular SexesIn connection with their study group,

" The Theology of Sex," the S.C.M. in-v/ted Fr. Jarrett-Kerr, C.R., to speak onD. H. Lawrence in the context ofChristianity. Fr. Jarrett-Kerr was oneof the witnesses for the defence in theLady Chatterley case; his evidence wasnot ultimately required at the OldBailey, so he used it as the basis of histalk.

He said that it was wrong to ignorethe work of great men, that Christiansshould be aware of Creation, not leastthe light thrown out by great artists.He thought that "Lady Chatterley’sLover " was a beautiful book, though notLaurence’s greatest. Laurence, he said,was a Puritan; St. Paul was not. Hewas sure that the average reader wouldbe able to recognise the virtues of " LadyChatterley’s Lover," to see that it wasnot poinography. Fr. Jarrett-Kerrclaimed that it was wrong to use themind of a 14-year-old girl as an artisticmeasuring rod.

An informal discussion followed. AMoral Re-armament fiend was present,loaded with absolutes. The meeting, how-ever, went smoothly and successfully.

2 TRINITY NEWS November 24, 1960

i!

TRINITY NEWS3 Trinity College

Vol. VIII TRINITY NEWS No. 4

THURSDAY, 24th NOVE~CIBE~, 1960

BAR ?OBVIOUSLY it is not easy to

attempt any sort of a publicdiscussion about race relations in asmall community like this, becauSeone will certainly be accused of allsorts of tmsavoury prejudices byall those who don’t happen to likewhat one says; but because webelieve that they do pose problemswhich it is desperately importantfor us and every community like usto solve, we have decided to try andmake here a few suggestions whichmay at least help people to thinkout their own ideas on the mattera bit more clearly.

In the first place, in spite of agood deal of complacency, racerelations in Trinity are not by anymeans as good as they might be.Coloured stttdents, with very rareexceptions, do not become well-known figures in any sphere ofCollege life (there is not, forexample, a single non-European onthe staff of this newspaper), andc 1 o s e friendships "across thebarrier" are almost non-existent.The foreigner coming here, in fact,finds broad smiles and platitu-dinous speeches of welcome togreet him--followed, usually, by acomplete lack of interest in any-thing about him except, as acuriosity, his political views. Thisis not to say that we are insincere:there are probably very few whitestudents who are not, in principle,genuinely delighted to see so manyraces represented here m it’s justthat we are not very good atputting ot~r principles into practice.

It is perhaps this very delightthat is the root of the trouble.When the foreign student comeshere, everyone is so very anxiousto demonstrate his total lack ofprejudice that he goes too far --superficially -- in the otherdirection, so that the visitor findshimself greeted wherever he goesby wide and fatuous grins, and anobviously spurious back-slappingmatiness. A coloured person beinga human being, this may have oneof two results. Either he willquickly develop a deep contemptfor the imbecile whites who canapparently do nothing but grinvacantly at him, or he will get avastly exaggerated idea of his ownposition in the community, and willsoon begin to wonder why he is notalways treated accordingly. Eitherway, the final result is resentment,irritation, and a total lack ofunderstanding on both sides.

There is only one way out ofthis. Every student who comeshere is an individual human being,and neither his nationality nor hisrace will of itself make anyessential difference to hischaracter. Coloured men a n dwomen, therefore, should by allmeans get a special welcome to theUniversity and its organisations,for we are particularly anxiousthat they should know how glad weare to see them here; but afterthat, every undegraduate must betreated on the same basis--hismerits as an individual. The only

.possible way of showing that thereis no prejudice here is to carry theideal to its end--to treat allstudents as we treat those of themwho are our compatriots---withou~unreasoning hostility, and withoutany kind of artificial chumminess--simply making our judgmentsas to how we ought to deal with.people according to what kind ofindividuals they are. We believethat this is the only way of lettingall our non-European f e I 1 o w-students see that here we havereally achieved one of the idealaims of a modern civilisation -- atruly integrated racial community.

Profile : LORNAPlayers, badminton, lacrosse (an un-

usual and seemingly incompatible com-bination) are but a few of LornaRankin’s activities in and out of college.Lorna lives in Dublin and c~nteredTrinity £n 1957 after five years at schooJin Reading. (Her accent is a pleasingand slightly bewildering mixture). She

is studying Modern Languages, andMod. is looming up on the Octoberhorizon.

Players hold Lorna’s main interest inCollege. She has been on the c~mmi~beefor the past year. Her dramatic talezrtsinclude both acting and producing; herproduction two years ago of "The Apollode Ballac," a one-act play by Girandoux,won an awae’d in the U.D.A. Festival.Outside the theatre Lorna enjoys read-ing plays.

RANKINWith facili’ty and femininity Lorna

adds to the gentle aesthetics of Playerstlse more rigorous pastime of games. I,nthe sphere of sport she plays badminta~)f<r Trinity and she has lately organiseda Trinity lacrosse team, a task forwhich she is well qualified, since shetoured the Uni,ted States with theBritish lacrosse team in the ca,flysummer of this year. She came backwith a fund of lively stories. The foodin particular seemed to catch her fancy.However, Lorna is gastron~m_ically en-thusiastic only in theory, and anyonewho frequents the coffee bar at lu~ch,time will perhaps have noticed herhealthy but restrained apple and cheesediet, which she produces daily f.rom abrown paper bag--providing, of courseshe has not left half her belongings onthe train, as is her wont.

Although Lorna is a good organiser,she has an exciting tendency to flap,and her usual good temper will breakoccasi~onally. If she is workingpractically for exams, it is inadvisableto disturb her. Lorna holds strong viewson many subjects, which she presentswith a lively sense of humour. She isimmediate yet slightly distant. It is,perhaps, too easy to read aloofness intoher poize, but she has a definite reserve,which is one of the positive sides of herpersonali¢y. It is difficult to say whethershe needs or chooses to be reserved.

I am told that Byron’s ghost hauntsGlenageary in search of Lorna. It wasthe last time he saw hey, perhaps, whe~he wrote . . .

"Lorna was blooming still, had madethe best

Of time, and time return’d thecompliment,

And treated her genteely, so that,dressed,

where’erShe looked extremely wellshe went."

"*NIGHT OF THE HUNTER"D.U. Film Society. Tuesday, Wednesd~,y, 15th and 16th November

Such is the controversy over this film,so different are the expressions ofopinion about it that I feel a cheerfulanticipation that this review will pro-voke ’violent disagreement.

In its first half-hour this film gavepromise of being a very considerablework. Against a background of themoral uncertainty and ruthlessness ofthe Depression we are shown the terriblepower of the religious maniac, how theName of the Lord can be used to distorttruth and d eceive all-too-gulliblehumanity. The haLf-comic, half-horrificstudy of this psychopath with hisfrighteningly convincing hyprocrisy andhis immense potentiality for evil, is fullof possibilities.

As I say, there was promise; but atthe end there was still expectation ratherthan fulfilment: the film-maker had notsatisfactorily come to grips with histheme. The mixture of comedy andsuspense was ingenious; at one momentwe were terrified as the killer pursuesthe children in the cellar, at the next weroar with laughter as he trips up, falls,and the children escape. But no soonerwas a serious point made or suspensebuilt up almost immediately, when thewhole structure collapsed into farce.

You may well say that the director ismaking the vital point that these mad-men are as dangerous as they are comic,that although they appear preposterousto us, they have the power to delude agreat many people. Perhaps so. But if

for a moment we stop taking a villainseriously--and this happens repeatedlyhere--we cannot feel terror or suspense.This comic destruction of the theme gaveus some marvellous comic moments--likeMitcham’s banshee-like laughter when ashot misses him -- but by the end thesuspense which his pursuit of the twochildren should have created, had simplye’vaporated.

Unfortunately, worse was to come. Atthe close, positive ’values, the correctivefor this diseased word, were representedby a ridiculously sentimentalised MotherHubbard figure who took in the fleeingchildren and staved off the lunatic killer.A sugary fairy-godmother is a sadly in-adequate antidote to the inhuman powerof the " Man of God."

To me, this was a film lacking inunity: I feel that there was an un-certainty in the mind of the maker--anuncertainty which communicates itselfto the audience and prevents this workfrom being as important as it might havebeen. However, nothing can destroy thevalue of some wonderful photography--even if the visual images were sometimestoo trite---and an astonishing perform-ance from a transformed RobertMitcham.

Although " Night of the Hunter " fallsshort of total success, how much moreexciting, original and worthwhile it isthan the play-it-safe, stereotyped com-mercial products which so limply adornthe Dubhn commercial cinema.--]3.R.R.A.

THE NEW LICENSING LAWS" Trinity News" Special Investigator Reporting

Armed with a pencil and a shorthandnote-book I went out, in the classic"People" style, to find out just whatthe interested parties thought about thenew licensing laws.

During the course of my investigationI found apathy, enthusiasm and down-right hostility to them. The barmen’sunion, for instance, whose compaign fora 40-hour week has been badly hit by thenew laws, was not unnaturally displeasedat the prospect of the all-night drinkingsessions that the new laws threaten tobring in. So far, they say, theircustomers seem neither less drunken normore sober when closing time comes. Itseems, however, too early to assess inany accurate fashion the full effects ofthese laws.

When one thinks of the effects of dayin day out boozing that goes ~n (or soone presumes) in France and its com-paratively insignificant effect on thedrunkard rate, one can see that licensinglaws are more of a protection for thebarmen and a money-spinner for theGovernment than a safeguard for thepublic. One would think, by the way abene"zolent Government decides whenpeople may and when they may not feelthe effects of alcohol, that the majorityof us are quite incapable of either know-ing or caring when we have had toomuch. The loosing of a supposedly in-ebriated mob on the street at eleven in-stead of ten seems to have made nodifference at all. The effect would beexactly the same if the licensing hourswere extended to twelve or one or whathave you.

So far my survey has only covered thebarmen’s point of view. Now for the

most important group--the customers.Naturally, they are delighted--like littlechildren at Christmas time. Big daddyhas, oh so kindly, allowed them to drink(if they have the money) for an extrahour each night. What could be better?They do not, however, seem to be drink-ing appreciably more. Rather they aretaking more time over their drinks andhaving time to savour in peace theglorious effects of alcohol instead ofhaving to ram their drinks down theirthroats and wait till they get outside tofeel the effects. The customers have onecomplaint--they object most strongly tobeing literally thrown out if they stay ina bar till 11 ,o’clock. They don’t find thepleas, almost of desperation, which thebarmen make as the minute hand movesto 11, the least bit amusing. No doubtthe barmen have similar opinions aboutthe customers’ position (this in spite ofappearances to the contrary). They don’twant to throw such a happy crowd out.The happy crowd wants to stay. TheThe management wants them to say. Thepowers that be, presumably elected bythe same happy crowd, insist on theirdeparture.

Finally, I had better give the opinion(a conjecture) of the Finance Ministeron this subject. He is, in his officialcapacity, most annoyed~his income fromextended licences will be cut by half.

Also the opinion of the Norfolk CountyCouncil (at oresent subsidising about 10brains in this College). They’re ex-tremely worried that their studentsmight start drinking (they know that theReading Room closes at tern and areseriously thinking of withdrawing grantsto those students who show any signs o’fgoing’ alcoholic.

COLLEGEwBSERVED...r’rwo of my friends have inv.~.sted i~t adog. It is a rather large lump of a d,~living in a small bathroom where it s-i~on the scales all day long gently rock.i.ng to and fro. It goes for its walk i~the evening. IS is a contented, Philo.sophical dog owned by contented, philo.sophical s,~udents. Thereby hangs atail, and I ezn suspicious . . . read on:

A rather macabre wirephoto (whichyou may remember some time ago a~being too indelicately dangled beforereaders of the evening papers to all0~,them to enjoy their tea) showed the lateJapanese Labour rabble-raiser clutchingfrantically at his e~trails after on.countering a rather eager youngNationalist. The student assassin wa~offered the compensating feature of alamp-cord from which to hang himselfin his private cell. He took advantageof this luxury almost immedia’~ely. Thewife of the Communist leader wasanxious, being utilitarian, to avail theParty of the .opportunity of using herhusband’s sensational death as a party.piece for the next elections. She wenton a crocodile tour of the workers,taking her dog along (as a precautiong~r ¯ ¯ ¯ ",l~he dog b~t one vf the c~tizens and hadto be destroyed. The Nationalists wonthe election. Now the dog is hi~anagram and the s.tudent is a nationalhero .... read o~q:

This rather humorisky article freshin my mind, I did the suspieiouseekertour of the Bay (wherein all greatTrinity movements lie dormant). I wasmade aware of the growing necessity ofcarrying s,ome sort of weapon, besidesthe traditional one, around College. I~five rooms, one of which had only ablunt blueblade and a coal scuttle fullof firelighters fo.:" defenee purposes, Imade the following (read oaa:) inven.tory .... :

846.166 pellets; 161 rounds ,22ammunition; 97 heavy concussionabhbooks; 71 pieces of droppable, weilda~lefurniture; 70 assorted firecrackers; 43sharp-pronged forks; 30 well-honed kit-chen knives; 28 rounds twelve-boreammunition; seventeen positively deadlyspoons; several jevries; several bot,~lesof laxative; several large sto~es; severalpounds of poison; five oriental daggers;five rubrics; five long ropes; four heavyfrying pans; four pocket-knives; three50 calibre shells; three karate manuals;two Copies of cartoons b~ CharlesAdams; two assagais; two Dianas; two.22 rifles; two pairs of battle boots; Cw0cricket bats; tw,o United Irishman; twoslingshots, one tear-gas pencil; one suitof armour (never returned to Gings);one battle-~et; one underwater fishingoutfit (complete with hydraulic ha~peon) ; one straight-edge razor; onethigh-bone, one Orange battle flag; oneVenetian dirk; one rusty stiletto; on~flick-knife; .one l~rge club; one antiquemace; one foreign calendar; one boa;e,~e large electro-magnet; one hammer;one diploma in Social Studies; oneAmerican helmet with one hole in it;balf a spring from a 9mm Luger clip;half a hockey stick; half a ton of fuel;half an old toilet seat; a quarter of a~mile of thugging cord; one-eighth of acake made by a best friend’s mother;and one-hundredth pare of a term essay.A very suspicious assortment of g’oods,you will ag,ree .... Read on:

I’m thinking that all we need is theCommunist Labour leader. If my friendsallow their dog to breed, we can all beheroes. To be successful dead is ofmore philosophical import than to besuccessful alive. I’m sure that there isa Communist Labour leader in the offingsomewhere.

Another thing that makes me sus-picious is that cornflakes are 5d. cheaperat the co-op; although people assure methat the phenomenon is due to theslackening of sales since the mass re-moval of marbles from the ingredients.All one gets, they tell me, are bad repro-ductions of the Leaning Tower at animpossible 30 degrees and fuzzy colottrreproductions of Ecuadorian stone head$

This has been a most suspicious week

Letter to the Editor(To the Editor, " Trinity News ")

Sir,--To-day, the 22nd November, wasdeclared a day of national mourning asa mark of respect to the Irish soldier~killed in the Congo. Shops and offiee~were closed $rom 1 to 3 p.m. to enablethose of their staff who wished to attendthe funeral to do so.

Now, without making a song anddance about it, it is true that some ofthe student body would have liked tohave gone to see the funeral processionpass through the city, .or to haveaccompanied it to the cemetery; asmark of respect to the dead men.would, therefore, have been a considerategesture on the part of the UniversitYauthorities to have cancelled or post-poned 2 o’clock lectures~ or at least tohave let it be known in advance thatstudents who missed or were late fortheir 2 o’clock lectures would not loSecredit.--Yours, etc.,

Jill Macdo~tald,Sandyford, Co. Dublin.

, 1960 24, 1960 TRINITY NEWS

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special feature supplement

CATHOLICS COLLEGESome Facts and Views

A FORTNIGHT ago an editorial in this newspaper said that Trinity was not Irish enough. This has been said before, it has been felt almost

always. We are proud of our cosmopolitan and liberal tradition, but gradually the Anglo-element in Anglo-Irish is becoming over-stressed.

It must always be Trinity’s major occupation to make Irish men and women for Ireland. Otherwise, something of its richest meaning would be

lost. To-day, if this University is not Irish enough, it is because the Roman Catholic Church does not allow it to be Catholic enough. No Catholic

resident in Ireland may enter College without a dispensation from his bishop. And when he gets there, he will not find a Catholic chaplain,

though Trinity wants to give him one. A large number of Catholics do in fact go to Trinity, and perhaps they have not found permission really

so difficult to obtain. They are about one-fifth of the student population. (A certain proportion, o,f course, come from England.) There is a

considerable Catholic element among the staff. Trinity, apart from the rest of Ireland, is the most Catholic University in the British Isles. It

has a higher percentage of Catholic students than any University in Britain. Immediately, these students are looking for a chaplain. They are

also looking for a frank avowal of their individtml and corporate existence in College. Above all, they are looking for complete recognition of

their Catholicness by Catholics, of their Trinityness by Trinity men. The purpose of this survey is a quiet look at the fact that Trinity can pr~

duce, and wants to produce, great Irishmen who may equally be great Catholics or great Protestants.

FROM THE CHARTER...Roman Catholics have always been

part of Trinity, and Trinity has beenpart of many Roman Catholics. WhenDublin University was founded in 1591,the Charter of Elizabeth asserted themonopoly of no particular creed. Re-ligion, civility and learning are theobjects to be promoted, and it wasnotoriously Elizabeth’s policy to insist onoutward conformity with state-religion,while neglecting to inquire more in-timately. A considerable number of thecorporation that endowed the newCollege were Roman Catholics, and therewas no insistence that Fellows shouldtake Orders. Provost Temple, Fullertonand Hamilton among the earliest Fellowswere laymen; and though in the begin-

-ning the degree of doctor con’ferred wasalways that in Theology, the Charterprovides for all faculties. It was, in fact,soon felt that Theology and clergy-training were too exclusively the work ofthe place. Chancellors and otheradvisers constantly urged special advan-tages for natives, and laid great stresson the teaching of Irishmen throughIrish¯

But the two usual sides of every Irishquestion naturally appear. On the onehand, Father Fitzsimons writes in 1603:"A certain illustrious baron, whose ladywas my principal benefactress, sent hisson to Trinity College. Notwithstandingmy obligations to them for my support,I. with the utmost freedom, earnestnessand severity, informed and taughtthem that it was a most impious thingand a detestable scandal to expose theirchild to such educaters. The boy wastaken away at once, and so were othersafter that good example. The Collegeauthorities are greatly enraged at this,as they had never before attracted any(Roman Catholic) pupil of respectability,and do not have hope to get any for thefuture. Hence I must be prepared for allthe persecution which their impiety andhate bring down upon me."

On the other hand, certain among theearly Provosts preached the most violentGenevan doctrines and quarrelled aboutsurplices. Themselves in danger ofpersecution by the English Episcopalparty, they were too busy to attackcthers. So Roman Catholics continued topass a little uneasily though the gates ofTrinity. And years later, two priestswere among those who rescued Trinity’sbooks and traditions when James IIarrived in Dublin.

Mother or Pariah?But by 1793 with most loopholes

sealed by religious tests, Trinity wasfirmly the University of English rule andthe Anglo,Irish. The problem of Univer-sity education for Presbyterians andCatholics was becoming urgent. It couldbe answered in three ways: the " open-ing" of Trinity by abolishing tests, thecreation of new colleges within DublinUni’versity, the foundation of newuniversity institutions¯ The first twosolutions pleased liberal opinion, thesecond and third pleased most Catholics,while Presb.vterians generally preferredthe third. Trinity was ready to acceptthe first proposal, but opposed (asalways) the second--though the additionof more colleges was a familiar idea. Theori<inal Charter calls Dublin University" Mater Universitatio," and there hadbeen Commonwealth and Restorationattempts to save Trinity from being itsonly child.

There were four parties involved in thedebate; firstly, the (Union) Governmentof Ireland. This body was warilyprooitiating the growth of parliamentarydemocracy in Britain, of nationalism inIreland, and a Home Rule group in theHo,~o of Commons. This meant amiddle-of-the-road policy, placating bothsides o’f the white line. Secondly, thoughdisestablished in 1869, the Church ofIreland, the church of land and the pro-fessions, held a dominant position instato and society during the 19the~-tury. Irish churchmen regardedTrinity as exclusively theirs, though an

increasing number of liberals favoured" opening " and non-sectarianism in edu-catmn. The third group were Protestantdissenters whose problems were eventu-ally solved by Queen’s. And there werethe Catholics, rising steadily and power-fully from the years of subjection.

\Slightly Ajar

A section of the Catholic Relief Act of1793 permitted Catholics legally to enterTrinity and graduate. The value of thisconcession was rather constricted, asfellowships, scholarships, etc., were stillconfined to Anglicans¯ But in anyfuture college of the University allrewards would be " open." But even thislimited offer was a boon to middle-classCatholics. Something between a trickleand a flow passed through the College,and nearly all Catholics who becameeminent during the 19th century wereeducated there.

Maynooth had been founded in 1795,and in 1845 the main problem was thehigher education of the Catholic laity¯Trinity, yes--if they could only takeadvantage of the scholarships and prizes.In 1843, Mr. Denis Caulfield Meron, aRoman Catholic sizar, sat ’for scholar-ship. There were 16 vacancies and hecame fifth--but his religion disqualifiedhim. He appealed, a n d eventuallyobtained a hearing. It was found thatthe 1793 Act entitled Catholics to aliberal education and degrees, withoutallowing them to become members of thecorporation, or in any way change itsProtestant character. In 1854 the Boardestablished a class of non-Foundationscholars which were not to be denomina-tional.

The Queen’s CollegesMeanwhile in 1845 the Peel Ministry

esablished three new colleges at Cork,Belfast and Galway, leaving TrinityCollege and the Church of Irelandinterest unassailed. The new collegeswere completely undenominational, andcould not use their public endowment fortheological teaching. A certain sectionof the Catholic prelates were hostile anddemanded a more specifically Catholicflavour--salaried chaplains and Catholicprofessors in some subjects. The disputesped to Rome, and finally resulted in thefoundation of the Catholic University ofIreland, under the rectorship of JohnHenry Newman.

Though about one-quarter of theQueen’s College students were Catholics,the attacks of the clergy continued, andwere augmented by those of the laity.It was intolerable that such institutionsshould be supported by public money,while their own Catholic University wasnot. Even the non-Foundation scholar-ship concession only satisfied a certainnumber o’f laymen. Now that there wasa Catholic University, Trinity Collegewas virtually banned to Catholics. TheChurch wanted something organised onthe same basis for Catholics as Trinitywas for Protestants.

The Handshake IgnoredIn 1873; Gladstone sweepingly pro-

posed a great new national and non-sectarian University, which would bothteach and examine. It was to includeTrinity, the Catholic University and theQueen’s Colleges of Belfast and Cork.Neither Trinity, Queen’s nor t heCatholics liked this idea, and it was de-feated in the Commons by three votes.(The O’Conor Don lived to say that hehad never regretted a vote given by himso much as his vote against.) The resultof its defeat was Fawcett’s Act, whichabolished religious tests for all officesand rewards in Trinity (except theDivinity School)¯ This just made Trinityas bad as the Queen’s Colleges inCatholic eyes.

After Gladstone, Disraeli, embarrassedby Home Rule, wisely avoided Trinityand the Queen’s Colleges, but founded" The Royal University of Ireland," apureIv examining body on the Londonmodel. Though its non-sectarianismcould give no satisfaction to theCatholics, at least in ensured the direct

endowment of their own University(known from 1882 as University College,Dublin). But in spite of continual con-troversy, the Royal University had greatmerits. For the first time students ofall denomim~tions, from every part ofIreland and of both sexes, competed inthe same exams and scholarships¯

Status... Quo?Both Catholics and Protestants saw

the Royal University as purely atemporary expedient. William Walsh,Archbishop of Dublin; Balfour, and theRoyal (Fry) Commission o’f 1906grappled in turn with this hydra-question. But they were defeated eitherbecause they were too kind to Catholicsor made the old "hands off Trinity " re-flexes ouiver. Yet there was a largeand influential element in Trinity,anxious to stretch all possible points inmaking concessions to the Catholics,while preserving the historical connectionbetween Trinity and the University ofDublin. A statment signed by 12 JuniorFellows and eight professors, with theapproval of Provost Traill, and the good-will of many other members of the staffwas presented to the Fry Commission.It proposed elaborate safeguards for thefaith and morals of Catholic students andguarantees of Catholic interests. Therewas to be an advisory committee of sixCatholics, including two bishops, towatch over Catholic students; two pro-fessors of philosophy and history,

religious instruction by Catholic clergy,a Catholic chapel within the walls, aCatholic faculty of theology if thebishops wanted it, and fair representa-tion ’for Catholics on the governing body.But though laymen liked the proposal,the bishops said: "Under no circum-stances will the Catholics of Irelandaccept a system of mixed education inTrinity College as a solution of "theirclaimg."

Yet the Professor of Theology atMaynooth, Re’v. Walter McDonald,thought the Trinity offer should havebeen accepted, and a free vote of theCatholic body would have made it a basisof discussion for a satisfactory setle-ment. The actual settlement, organisedby Augustine Birrell, gave birth to theNational University of Ireland, andQueen’s University. The former, with-out being a Catholic University, was in-tended to be a University for Catholics.The latter, though Presbyterians are byfar the largest denomination, contains aconsiderable percentage of Catholics. Sotwo of the 1793 possibilities had beenrealised. Trinity was " opened," even ifthe door was made to lock like Alice’srabbit-hole, and new University institu-tions had been created. The thirdscheme, for a greater University ofDublin, was consistently and obstinatelydefeated. With it died the hope o’f anall-inclusive National University, or ofany working-together to create some-thing national.

THE SITUATIONSome Opinions

Types of UnityJohn J. O’Meara, Professor of Latin

at U.C.D., doesn’t think much of thearguments that prevented this happen-ing. Some time ago he spoke thus tothe Phil.: "That Trinity and U.C.D.should amalgamate." His appeal for" one great University" seems perhapsremote at the moment---perhaps its seedhas finally withered--but his propositionincludes much that reflects favourablyon the present plea of Trinity’s Catholics.Professor O’Meara quoted to our reporterthe remarks of Dr. O’Dwyer, Bishop ofLimerick in 1904, when he spoke of " thegrowth of that blessed spirit of brother-hood that is drawing and will, with God’shelp, draw still closer the minds and feel-ings of all Irishmen to work togetherfor the common good -- to seek dailyfresh fields for mutual help and co-operation, and to banish from our publiclife the spirit of distrust and suspicionof one another, and to take for our motto’Differ where we must, unite where wecan.’ " Professor O’Meara stated that "inthe context of the present ecumenicalmovement, our professed policy of striv-ing for union with the North, the grow-ing essence of University education, andour limited resources, it seems to me un-thinkable that a responsible peopleshould not insist that the possibilities ofco-ordination between the two DublinColleges be formally and seriously con-sidered: ’ Differ where we must, unitewhere we can.’" All this could beequally well appointed within Trinity it-self. "Differ where we must, unitewhere we can " is a working propositionin every day o’f College life.

Cry for Cb.~plainTim McLoughlin, student of Ancient

and Modern Literature and ex-Chairmanof the Laurentian Society, explained itsfunction and curiously sawn-off potential.I~ was founded in 1952 by DonalO’Sullivan. Lecturer in InternationalAffairs¯ Its object is to cater for thesocial and cultural needs of Catholicstudents. The Catholic Church does notpermit it to hold any religious meetingsin College or be addressed by priests.Distinguished Catholics in many spherescome and speak to it on secular matters.Its significance is that it supplies a focalpoint for Catholics in College to be

NOW

aware of each other as Catholics. Cer-tainly Trinity’s Catholics do not feel inany way isolated from their faith, or un-involved in the Catholic context.

But it is just at this point that theLaurentian fails, or rather is notallowed to succeed. Mr. McLoughlin

TIM McLOUGHLIN

stressed that once Catholic studentswere admitted to the College, theirspiritual welfare should be provided ’for.The Church should seek them andminister to their need. There is a need.Some symptoms have been a few largeunofficial meetings outside College wherepriests have been able to addressstudents. Mr. McLoughlin said that theappointment of an official chaplainshould not necesarily mean that it wouldinstantly become very easy ’for Catholicsto come to Trinity. The fact is that theCatholics are there, nothing in Trinitystops them being Catholics, all they wantis a seal of awareness from their Church,recognition of a fait accompli, an admin-istrative detail¯

The Catholics of Trinity know the im-portance of their contribution to Collegelife. With this shadow removed, theycould underline it and make it richer.Mr. McLoughlin’s cry was: " Don’t com-pete, try and co-operate; look forcommon factors." A deep sense of union,a profound generosity in divergence isalready working, but its colours could bemade more glowing.

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4 TRINITY NEWS

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November 24, 1960

THE

The attitude of the Board in thepresent situation, its continued policy,has been made perfectly clear and isillustrated on pages 344-345 of the newCalendar: " The Board of Trinity Collegeis willing, on due application being madeby the heads of other religious denomin-ations (apart from the Church of Irelandand the Presbyterian Church), to makesimilar arrangements for the religiousinstruction of students of such denomina-tions. The Registrar, Mr. G. F. Mitchell,stated in an interview that the Boardvery much regretted the absence of aCatholic chaplain equivalent to the Deanof Residence for other denominations.Such a chaplain would be given " everypossible facility" in College. The Boardhas always leaned over backwards toaccommodate Catholic students and theirChurch; and has tried many times tohave them fully recognised.

Many people are worried about theposition of " the Divinity School " in thisconnection. They feel (a feeling notnecessarily shared by Catholics) that itforms some kind of psychological barrier,and that Catholic students shudder everytime they hear College Chapel bells. Thisis both a contused understanding :of thesituation and an insult to the good senseand integrity of Trinity’s Catholics. Theactual legal status of the school was out-lined for us by Mr. Mitchell. There isa Court of Divinity Degrees whosefunction it is to examine candidates andbestow degrees in Divinity. It isspecifically envisaged by its constitutionthat other such courts will be formed,by denominations other than the Churchof Ireland. This court is quite separatefrom the Church of Ireland ClericalTraining College outside Trinity, whichis in a sense a " professional " school,and grants a testimonium to its students.Mr. Mitchell mentioned that Catholicstudents receive instruction in scholasticphilosophy in Queen’s. The Board wouldwelcome the affiliated training collegesof other denominations, and would givethem the same facilities as the Churchof Ireland school.

SOME ATTITUDES ...Ecumenical

The Rev. E. C. T. Perdue, Dean ofResidence, gave us a Church of Irelandvzew. He said that he would be delightedto see more Roman Catholics in College.He stated that with the presentecumenical feeling in the world, the

COLLEGE VIEWBoard’s Willingness

presence of more Roman Catholics inCollege would lead to better relationswith other members oT the ChristianChurch. On the same grounds he wouldlike to see a Catholic chaplain in College,if the equivalent were established inU.C.D. The position here, however, isentirely different, the hum b er ofProtestants in U.C.D. does not comparewith the number of Roman Catholics inTrinity.

ExperimentalJohn Gilmartin, a Dublin Catholic,

student of Arts and Law, Librarian ofthe Hist., said that he regarded being atTrinity as a great experience. "I havelearnt to interchange ideas and opinionsin a congenial atmosphere with thosewho don’t share my beliefs. In thesedays of international exchange andpersonal contacts amongst people ofdifferent beliefs, Trinity plays a vitalrSle in Irish affairs. Here in Ireland wetend to li’ve our lives in separatereligious compartments. I feel that any-one who has been at Trinity must find itdifficult to return to the old state ofaffairs. It is essential that suchprejudices should be broken down whenall religious people must face the threatsfrom Communism outside the pale, andirreligion inside it. For the future, ifthere is to be a change in the attitude of

DAVID ADAMS

the Catholic Church towards TrinityCollege, I would say this (in agreementwith the great Cardinal Newman whoseopinion on this type of question is worthyo’f the greatest respect) that an entirelyclerical University is not the idealsolution.

AuditorialDavid Adams, Auditor of the College

Theological Society, said that theDivinity School-barrier idea was un-reasoned. Granted that the function ofa University is to educate, what adverseeffect can the "presence" of theDivinity School have on the non-Anglicanpopulation of College? Mr. Adamstalked about ecumenism too, and saidthat the presence of Roman Catholics inTrinity should be welcomed by allmembers of the Universal Church. Theirabsence makes the College less of a fullIrish institution; their presence shouldbreed a closer link between " Catholics "of all denominations. Mr. Adams de-clared that he very much doubted thatanyone would object to the appointmentof a Catholic chaplain in College.

IrishMr. Laurence Roche, Catholic ex-

President of the Phil., said that Catholicstudents must help to show that Trinityis truly an Irish University. " TheChurch by its control on primary educa-tion and by banning Trinity to Catholicsperpetuates ~livision between branches ofthe Church which I believe contrary tothe true Christian spirit." Mr. Rochequoted Dr. Doyle, Roman CatholicBishop of Kildare and Leighlin, who said,"I do not know how any man wishingwell to public peace, and who looks toIreland as his country, can think thatpeace can ever be established, or the pros-perity of the country ever well sustained,if its youth are separated on account oftheir religious opinions," and that there isrigidness on both sides. Mr. Roche be-lieved that the Irish Roman Catholics inTrinity should work to show how Irisha University it is. "As a RomanCatholic who has spent four years inTrinity, I can say that I have found my-self perfectly at home here, intellectuallyand socially. I have grown to loveTrinity, and all it stands for."

LAURENCE ROCHE

A Gallant DeedSo, years of complicated juggling,

years of jealousies and selfishness, ofprejudices formed too soon, and con-cessions made too late. To-day, the barefacts lie exhausted before us, but theirbones contain a calmness of hope, a unityand sureness of practical experience, anda waiting gleam of flame. Trinity wantsher Catholic students to be truly theirChurch’s children, and also truly hers.She wants to give them a chaplain andremove the sense of shabby paradoxfalsely attached to their presence here.There are no barriers of bells or bigotry.There is Trinity with its students, en-riched and enriching by their own ’faithand awareness of the faith of others,helping to build Ireland, and with morethan a spade in other countries. Now isonly a shadow of the possible future.Tomas Davis, who " loved and sang thewhole Irish people," Trinity student andpast-Auditor of the Hist., wrote oncewith passion:

"And oh! It were a gallant deedTo show before mankind

How every race and every creedMight be by love combined--

Might be combined, yet not forgetThe fountains whence they rose

As, filled by many a ri’vuletThe stately Shannon flows."

This is already shown by Trinity. Letus hope that she will be allowed to makeit a little more obvious. We could makea really big river.

I’ Remember IIL__.

-I

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[960November 24, 1960 TRINITY NEWS

ling,, ofco,l-

bare:heirmityand

ants~heirlers.and~doxrare.~try.en-

aithlers,flore~¢ isare.theandrace

.~d

Bishops, and rugge!- club, and ruggerbishops ceiebrated Brookebirthday in excellent style.Stanford cast a classical eye

Dave Gibson’s talking glass. Nickhad to borrow a suit which left

:$hn without one. John Baxter tactfully]tept to cocktail party conversation andchatted to Isobel Swain, Adrian Smithand Richard Hewett. Rachel Pike andBernard Adams managed to keep their~md up in competitkm, to the rugger talkd George Patrikios, Mick Moore andIon Hill.

John Keyte, Paddy Glendinning andlarry L’Estrange staged a welcome re-,ival to the civilised cocktail partytradi¢ion f, ortifying us with Martinis andgood, if rather overcrowded company.Nick Fitzgerald and Eddie Mallor keptto their respective corners but PrueFurney and Mary Henry circulated withfood and drink. Pare Dunlop kept aneye on coffee bar regulars John Westand Bill Keating. Mike Stubbs waswhisked away in Bridget Hinds bigMack limousine for drinks elsewhere---the rest of us wen, t off to the Ball.

"I took a 2rid X-ray of his stomach".... Medical jargon in the Metropoleand doctors past, present a~d future,

and especially Gus Allen and Pete Sang.Derek Lynch kept a serious eye on theproceedings, especially when he nearlylost his trousers to Toby Gawith. JohnWilliamson and Gay Mongan discoveredfriends David Craig and Diedre Batctienand Brian Bond and Juliet Love dancedamid the throng.

Members of the Boat Club gatheredat Islandbridge on Saturday evening fora House Supper. The official excuse wasfor a~ew members to get to know theold ones better. Enthralled new mem-bers listened to Jim O’Brien and after-wards to Peter Martin and CharlesDewhurst giving a selection from theirseemingly boundless repertoire ofbawdy ballads. John Keete, represent-ing something or other, looked aghast,but clearly, Josh Wilkins and Dr.Macdowell had heard them all before.In actual fact the dhaner was a greatdeal better behaved than usual; most ofthe food was actually eaten and notthrown around. But to keep things inline with tradition Charles Russel tried,to break stout bottles ,over variouspeople’s heads, while Bernard Wheelanhad to restrain Jim Kelland from throw-ing Mike Church through a windowpane. ] z~

HO T AND COLD RUNNING By DONALD CARROLLLast week must certainly go down as

one of those unique epochs in westerndvilisation. Here are but a few of themilestones in a memorable week:

" Now or Never" was heard on a juke-box. " T.C.D." came out with a lousyissue. It rained. There was organisedbegging .on the streets. There wasorganised nothing on the streets aftermidnight. It rained. Cheli Duran wrotea poem establishing God clearly as theshortest distance between zero and in-fruity. The Government decided to banthe book, "I¯ Remember Mama," by

Oedipus Schwintz. It rained. Pata-physics was ignored.

A gang of young vandals desecrateda public statue, realising too late that itwas a Garda. Roland Brinton confidedthat of all his relations he likes sex thebest. I arrived late for a lecture, sneak-lag in as quietly as two skeletonswrestling on a tin roo~. Someonewhistled in the coffee bar and the placefilled with dogs. It rained. Pataphysicswas ignored.

There was a crisis in Africa, whichended when Herr Seymour Blood, Vice-

Curator of the Benevolent Brotherhoodof Balubas, announced the final solutionto the Irish Problem. A lecture wasdelivered under the Campanile onApplied Alcoholism and Practical Cepha-lorgy by Juan Toomany, D.D., M.D., V.D.,R.S.V.P. Meanwhile, the Cuban Govern-ment charged that Senor Tooter wasonce arrested in Venezuela for speeding.(It is alleged he was speeding on MeesterNeexon.)

Etc.At finding her son Hyacinth, 69,

hanged, Mrs. Newman, of Baltsbridge,was so depressed she couldn’t cut thercpe.

Miss Eileen McNamara, a handsomegirl well known to many gentlemen ofTrinity, suffocated in her room lastFriday, on purpose.

Scratching it with a hair-triggeredrevolver, Mr. Brendan Furd removed theend of his nose in Kevin Street policestation.

And a Rathmines dishwasher, MissRosetta Stone, recently returned fromLourdes forever cured of tuberculosis,died, on Sunday, by mistake.

Just a matter of TOMATOESShe told him there and then that she

would never have anything more to dowith him. He kow-towed courteously andleft, after having taken an apple to eaton the way home. She allowedhim that~ne last liberty: food.

The door closed quietly behind him.Thank God he’s gone, she thought; if

he had stayed one more second in thehouse I would have gone stark, ravingmad.

He walked up the hill, whistling.Thought was beyond him at a time likethis; moreover, he really didn’t care. It

rot quietly in the bottom drawer of herrefrigerator. What a waste. She wouldnever have the chance to make him herspecial rhomboid sandwich with thetomatoes squashed deep into the flourof the pumpernickel; ’~oolish boy, he hadhad it good, all these things that she hadbeen willing to do for him, and he alwayswanting m o r e. Life was horrible,sadistic . . .

He beat the ground till it resoundedwith his hammer-like blows. If she hadbeen decent about it, and tried to findnew ways to please him, instead of

was too bad about the tomato sand-wiches; he would have to go to a danceright away and find a girl or two whocould make sandwiches like her.

She washed the dirty dishes. Luckyher. His intentions had been dubiousanyway. What did it matter?

What did it matter, he thought, if shemade no more tomato sandwiches ? Whatdid he care ? Did it really matter to aman like himself whether or not the girlcould make tomato sandwiches? Hehowled in anger ... any girl could maketomato sandwiches.

But not like hers.She got into bed, and he wasn’t there,

not that he had ever been, only that hemight have been, had he not been such

pig. God, always eatingHe knocked on the door, it "gave way,

he crawled upstairs to his room, walked

daring to produce a sandwich with a de-gutted tomato and stale bread, he wouldhave been there, to love her and consoleher, and kiss her on dark nights, andmake a vegetable love to her, the kindshe wanted so badly from him, and healone could supply it. He cursed andcursed again.

She howled with rage, the ivory tele-phone by her bedside leaped up and downin its excitement. Her parents wereaway, but the spiders scurried into theircorners, and the clouds filled the sky withher lament.

He could stand it no longer. With abound he jumped to the ’phone and putthrough his call: " Is that you, winkle?"

.... !.t!!" Winkle .... winkle!"" Yes ?"" Winkle, this is Rooan."" I know .... "in, and lay on the floor looking up, tired.

No dance, just tomato sandwiches filledhis mind; big ones, little ones, square~nes, round ones, triangular ones, hexa-gonal ones, with and without crusts;thick ones or Royal Hibernian ones,juicy, salty, yummy. He rolled over andtried to sleep, crying bitterly.

She cried and cried after a while,thinking of all the tomatoes that would

" Well ?"" Well what?"" Will you make sandwiches properly

next time, like you really mean it?"" What if I do?"" I’ll love you madly . . ."" It’s a deal!""My love, my sweet, my rubicondimple-

doll, my little girl, my tomato."

THE COFFEE ACTIt’s always the same--the Reading

Room--too obvious and that’s just whatI don’t want to be. I suppose all theothers want to be less obvious too, buthell, why should I want to be like theothers? Why all this formality aboutasking them, anyway? This is wherethey expect to be asked and they play onyour weaker points. I wonder if she’sher% anyway. "Sorry. Thank you."that B-- door. Why don’t they ooenboth doors ? One IN, the otherOUT. Then you wouldn’t have to smilenor would they be so conscious of theirprivileged position. She’s here, O.K.I’ll pretend to look for a dictionary anduse the " Oh it’s nice to see you here,"and the " By Accident Game." Ah, thereis no one in the seat near her. I’ll justsit down and then disco’ver she’s there.

Ah, hello Selara. " How’s the workgoing ?" " O.K. Doing my essay at last.Haven’t done a thing this term, but it’ssuch good fun." Damn, what will I saynext. Can’t ask her yet. It would benaive: " What book are you reading?Gee. I could never understand it. Mentaland Moral must be fun. I know someonewho’s failed Classics and History; nowshe’s doing Mental and Moral. Says itmakes her feel good, not as easy asHebrew, though." " Excuse me, I’ve justbeen gone ten minutes." Sorry, I’dbetter ask her before I go, anyway. Thisis an excuse, anyway. " Like to come forcoffee? I’m not going to do any worknow that my seat’s gone." "Yes, I-Iwould actually, Charles." This is all afarce. Why not just have an exchangein Front Square. There’s a lot to besaid for jungle society a’fter all.

Ireland’s Political

PhoenixCumann na nGaedheal was formed in

the spring .of 1923 of many diverseelements and contained within its rankspeople from all classes and creeds. How-ever, these people shared a commonbond--their acceptance of the Treaty andall that it stood for. Both Cumann nanGaedheal and its successor, Fine Gael,have always been constitutional parties.The Treaty was accepted by these peoplebecause they believed that some measure.of self-government was better than none,and that eventually they would, in time,by peaceful means, obtain full in-dependence for the whole of the country.

Early AchievementsIn the period between 1922 and 1932,

the foundations of the new Irish Statewere firmly laid. People tend to associateeconomic expansion and the developmentof public enterprises with Fianna F~il,but this is a misconcemption. For theinitial steps in these fields were taken byCumann na nGaedheal. The first Sateenterprise was the E.S.B. and theShannon hydro-electric scheme~ whichwas initiated by Pat MacGilligan, thethen Minister for Industry and Com-merce in 1925. This project was ’fol-lowed by the Irish Sugar Co., which wasset up in 1926, together with the intro-duction of sugar beet subsidies. In 1929,the Dairy Disposal Company was formedto re-organise the creameries, and theAgricultural Credit Corporation was setup in 1927. The Local AppointmentsAuthority was set up in 1929, and the~ivil Cervice Commission in 1930.

Friendship with Brit.~inAt the same time the Government,

while remaininng loyal to the new State,succeeded in working with Britain to the

GENERAL RICHARD MULCAHYPresident of Fine Gael, 1943-1959.

--By courtesy of " Irish Independent "

mutual benefit of both countries. TheFree State took a prominent part in allCommonwealth conferences from 1926onwards, and assisted in the discussionswhich led to the passing of the Statuteof Westminster in 1931. This Statutegave the Irish Free State Dominionstatus.

Conditions ,~t HomeIt should be remembered that the con-

ditions under which the Cumman naGaedheal Government had to work werefar from easy, and that during thegreater part of the ten years they werein office they had to start first with acountry-wide civil war and later withintermittent Republican activity. Againstsuch a background, the achievements ofthis Government appear even morespectacular.

Re-alignment of ForcesWith the advent .o~ the Republican

Fianna F~il Government in 1932, theConstitutional elements in the countryre-aligned themselves to meet this newsituation. So, Fine Gael was born in1933, out of an amalgamation of Cumannna nGaedheal, the Centre Party and theFarmers’ Party lead by James Dillon,together with General O’Duffy’s NationalGuard. Fine Gaol remained under thePresidency of W. T. Cosgrave until heretired and was succeeded by GeneralRichard. Muleahy in 1943.Inter-Party Government

The year 1948 saw the first Inter-Party Government, which comprised, aswell as Fine Gael, all other politicalparties and groups in the D~il other thanFianna F~il, under the leadership of J.A. Costello. It was largely through theinspiration of James Dillon that agricul-tural development was placed on a soundbasis. Agriculture had suffered ~reatlyin the previous decade and a half, firstthrough de Valera’s economic war andlater due to the World War. Slum clear-ance was also undertaken by thisGo~vernment, and housing schemes beganin Dublin, Cork and other centres ofpopulation. A Local Authorities WorksAct was also passed, which providedemployment in rural areas in a numberof small drainage schemes.

During the period between the twoInter-Party Governments, Fine Gaelwas perfecting and streamlining its

organisation.

However, t he second Inter-PartyGovernment of 1954-1957, in which FineGael was again the largest group, wasnot so successful as the first. This waslargely due to the serious economicsituation created by the Korean War, asituation over which Ireland had little or

JOHN A. COSTELLOTaoiseach during the two Inter-P a r t y Governments, 1948-1951,

1954-1957.--By courtesy of " h’ish Independent "

no control. The result was that theGovernment made itself very unpopular,through the necessity of having to im-pose levies on imports and the impositionof a policy of restricting credit to dealwith very hea’vy adverse Balance of Pay-ment figures. The most important con-structive legislation o~ this Governmentwas the drainage of the midlands andthe rehabilitation of large areas whichwere formerly bog. This scheme pro-vided employment and later land, whichgave further employment.

Re-organisatio~After Fianna F~il’s return to power in

1957, the party was again re-organised.A central branch consisting of mostlyyoung professional and academic peoplewas founded. This central branch issomething akin to the Conservative Bowgroup. A research and informationserwce was also set up to organise dis-cussions and debates on various aspectsof Fine Gaol policy. A monthly news-paper, known as "The NationalObserver," was started. While thispaper is not an official Fine Gael Partyorgan, it is run by Fine Gael members,although it welcomes contributions fromnon-party members.

In 19.59 General Mulcahy resigned andJames Dillon was elected President ofFine Gaol in his place. Shortly afterwardsDillon was also elected leader of theparliamentary party. He is the link be-tween the older generation of Cumannna nGaedheal and Fine Gael who wereinvolved in the Treaty negotiations andthe subsequent Civil War, and theyounger progressive element in the partywho were brought up in the new Irelandcreated by the older generation.

JAMES M. DILLONPresident of Fine Gaol since 1959(and leader of the Parli.~mentary

Party).--By courtesy of " Irish Independent ""

The FutureTo-day, Fine Gael is perfecting its

organisation for the coming election. Theparty aims to put up sufficient candidatesto be able to form a Fine Gael Govern-ment without the support of othergroups. The party is also organising itsbranches throughout the country on anintensive scale with five or six partymembers in charge of each pollingdistrict. So there will be no excuse forpeople not being acquainted with FineGael policy at the next election.

It will be seen ’from the above thatFine Gael is a remarkably adaptableparty and that it is flexible and able toadjust itself to the needs of the occasion,while retaining its broad principles un-tarnished. This, surely, is the secret ofthe party’s ability to arise Phoenix-likefrom the ashes of defeat.

Frances-Jane French .......

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STUDENTS 2/-

1 Sth. Leinster StreetADJACENT TO BACK GATE

Rugby 1st XV

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INELEGANT VICTORYDornan Shows Promise:

McMullen SupremeTrinity, 6; Headi~gly, 3

ONE went to College Park with high expectations of seeing an

interesting and entertaining game. I, for one, was disappointed.Absentees from the Trinity side cannot be Offered as an excuse and inthe first half, at any rate, the forwards showed a failure to grasp thebasic techniques of organised scrummaging. Improved forward play inthe second half and the individual efforts of Dornan, rather than cohesiveteamwork, gave Trinity victory.

The heavier Headingly pack exertedconsiderable pressure at the start andthey were all but over for a try whenLea dropped the ball in front of theposts. The situation was relieved aftera time by Patrikios’ devastating dribble,in which he brought the ball right up tothe tteadingly line and came very nearindeed to scoring. The LOpposition three-quarters had plenty of possession, butwere almost totally ineffective, especiallywhen kicking ahead to the supremelyconfident McMullen. Any selector presentmust have wondered how they had cometo drop him from the Leinster team, forhe gave a superb display, finding touchesof prodigious length and accuracy.Trinity came poorly out of the forwardstruggle in this half, the binding in theloose leaving much to be desired. TheHeadingly pack were allowed to breakthough all too often, and it was forunatefor Trinity that the opposition backsrarely made any progress. Despite havingdifficulty in bringing down Headingly’smountain-like out-half, Trinity’s tacklingwas first-class. Dornan’s beautifullyplaced kicks to the wing always lookeddangerous, but L’Estrange had no luckwhatsoever with the bounce. The firsthalf was scoreless and one felt that onlysome piece of individual oportunismcould have led to a try.

From the start of the second half,matters began to go Trinity’s way. Theforwards showed much greater purposeand intelligence, and though they nevercompletely mastered the Headingly pack,gave as good as they got--in both sensesof the phrase. If anyone is to be singledout it must be Meates, who never failsto play as though his life were at stake.Nor can I fail to mention th wing-for-wards, Ross and Patrikios, both ~of whomplayed magnificently. Patrikios reputa-tion is already high. Ross’s grows withevery game. Dornan continued to exploitthe diagonal kick, and at last the ballhounced favourably for L’Estrange, whodived over in the corner. McMullenfailed to convert. Receiving the ballfrom a loose scrum shortly after thisDornan again kicked, this time at goal,and from 35 yards out the ball soaredbetween the posts. Headingly made onedangerous excursion in the Trinity half,but even with the defence stretched to

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its limits, they had no finishing whatso-ever and had to be content with apenalty goal. Little was seen of theTrinity three-quarters, for having ob-served that they had little penetration,Robbins and Dornan preferred to workthe touchline or use the grubbed kick.

--Photo courtesy " Irish Times "

M. Moore, chosen to play for the IrishXV against Combined Services.

Play became more furious and, con-sequently, scrappy in the closing stages,and the final whistle was probably verywelcome.

As my friend of the other periodicalsays, the forwards more or less pickthemselves for the Colours match, butthey must not take so long to settle downin the future. I venture to s~y thatDornan will fill the fly-half position, forhe shows obvious ability, even if he is alittle unsure at present. Not havingtravelled to Cork last week, I am notsure how well he runs with the ball,but his kicking, at least, is well judgedand accurate. He does not appear to beentirely happy with Robbins, but it is tobe hoped that they will work up a betterunderstanding next week. We wouldlike to offer our congratulations to M.Moore on his selection for the Irish XVagainst Combined Services at Ravenhillnext Saturday.

Hockey 1st IX

Victory, ButUninspiring Display

Trinity, 4; Corinthians, 1

Last Saturday, Trinity recorded aclear-cut win over what is probably theweakest club side in Leinster. The pitchwas wet and slippery, thus making goodhockey difficult. This, however, does notcompletely excuse the inept and un-spirited display of both sides.

Trinity had practically all of the playand their defence had a very easy after-noon. In fact, the goalkeeper did nottouch the ball at all. As a result of thissuperiority in midfield, the forward linehad an abundance of the ball, but theold bugbear of lack of cohesion is stillvery much in evidence. Against thisrather poor opposition, Trinity scoredonly once from play and it was left to

Water Polo

All-Round DefeatPembroke, 5; Trinity, 0

Pembroke started off in attack andtheir supremacy was rarely challenged.Trinity’s few good mo*vements weredestined to failure as the forwards wereunable to shoot accurately. The fewgood shots they did mak~ were easilystopped as the Pembroke goalkeeper wason top of his form. Trinity’s main faultwas that they were not quick enough tochase the constantly breaking opposition.

In the Minor League, Trinity A werebeaten 3-1 113. a fast-moving matchagainst Half Moon A. Brownlie scoredthe only Trinity goal.

In the Trinity B v. Dublin match thegame was abandoned in the second halfwith Dublin leading 1-0.

Harriers- Outclassed byStrong Opposition

The Har~-iers, following their victoryever Avondale and Crusaders, this weekhad a match against ~elT strongopponents, Clonliffe and D o n o r eHarriers. D.U.H. were unfortunate zmtto have Colin Shillington running and~lthough most of the team improvedupon their previous week’s performance,they were soundly beaten by both clubs.The individual winner was B. Messit ofDonore who had the very fast time of32 mins. 18 sccs. over the 6 mile course.S. Whittome ran extremely well forD.U.H. to finish 9th, shbwi,ng a returnto last season’s form.

Next week the Club runs againstQueen’s, Belfast, and rigorous trainingwill be needed if we are to repeat lastyear’s victory. .,

Association Footballthe slippery condi.tions, found it impos-sible to redeem their position. In thesecond half the play continued at anamazingly fast pace and both goals wereconstantly threatened. The fact tha.~ theDragons held out was largely due to themagnificent goal-keeping of "Joe"Foster who, adorned in the grounds-man’s cap, defied all attempts of theopposition to score and had themwondering from which professional clubhe had bee.n recruited!!

D.U. BOXING CLUB- FIRSTROUND OF ~HE SEASON

Next Tuesday, at 8.00 p.m., the Clubwill meet Liverpool University i.u +~heGym. Although the home team shouldprove strong enough to overcome theopposition, a number of ,those takingpart will be experiencing their firstfight of the season. However, trainingbas been hard and therefore highlybeneficial and Frank Kel, r will be inthe corner with his words of wisdom onthe 29th. It is hoped that there will bea large at’t~ndance at this feature ~ thefirst match of the season.

Dragons, 1; H. O’Connor’s XI, 1.Last Monday afternoon the Dragons

were unlucky not to defeat H. O’Con-r, or’s XI and, indeed, i¢ was the badconditions rather than the Oppositionwhich robbed them of victory. The gamewas played i,u a steady, torrential down-pour and after half-time the visibilitywas so poor and the mud so thick tha’tit was impossible either to propel theball any distance or even recognise one’sown team mates.

Although the Rugger fraternity ofO’Brien and Reid-Smith ’may have feltat home in T ¯ ¯,t,ese cond~tmns--many goodmovements by Guthrie, Reid and Steven-son ended i,n one of Dragons playersfalling headlong into the wind. Eothgoals were scored in the first hal’f afterthe respective ’keepers had been drawnout in the wronK direction and~

Racing:COLONEL MAY FOLLOWS UP

" Just the first of many," said ColonelMay, following the success of BarcaDoria at Sandown last Saturday. Thisweek he selects Double March (Newbury,Friday), a winner earlier at Cheltenham,to continue the good work.

Blackmore, who got three from penaltycorners, to put the result beyond doubt.

Trinity opened rather slowly andduring the whole of the first half seemedvery lackadaisical in their approach tothe game. Blackmore scored two goalsfrom corners and the forwards missed acouple of easy chances from play and byhalf-time Trinity were coasting to afacile win. Then Corinthians scored Troma short corner as a result of some pain-fully weak covering by the Trinitydefence. This injected a little spirit intothe game for a few minutes until Trinityscored again. Prestage fastened on to aloose ball in the circle and flicked the

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[[

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r

ball past the goalkeeper. A few minuteslater Rowe ran up the left wing andpassed the ball across an empty goal-mouth. Prestage ran in on the pass and iappeared to score a perlectly good goal,only to find that the umpire, for somereason best known to himself, hadawarded a long corner. However, Black-more scored from a short corner a fewseconds later and the result was nowcertain.

The last few minutes saw no changein the pattern of play and Trinity ranout easy, if uninspiring, winners.

D.U.M.C. AND L.C.C.- !TALKS AND TRIAL i

Dudley Reynolds was chairman, and ~the panel was ably constituted by Cecil iVard_Jack O’Donoghue, Ralph Meyer, !and J)avid Felton at a Motor Club !"Question Time" held in the G.M.B., ~nFriday evening There was some spirited :’discussion par~icularly concerning thevirtues or o’therwise of two-stroke en-

~i,nes. _Top~s ranged from " Is. Motor

FP°r~ An~i-SocialV".. to th~ mertsi offont-Wheel Drive. The meeting wasadjourned at 1{) p.m. to enable membersto fortify themselves in preparation fora Motor" Cycle Trial the following day.

This event, ’the Annual Bush CuD iTrial, held at Glencree, attracted 40entries. Two laps ove~ difficult terrain !and a tight time limit made the goingrather tough. All but 11 competitorslose marks for failing to keep withinthe specifiied time. Despite the dullweather conditions a,n, encouragingL.umber of spectators were present, theresults were :~

1. J. Minn:is (Greeves) ;2. G. Scarlett (D.O.T.);3. J. Harrison (D.O.T.).

--Hon. Social Sec.

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