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Schemas
Is that a real person?
No and it’s not made from chocolate either
When a piece of information is acquired, it gets added and stored (assimilation & accommodation)
Piaget’s Theory!!
• The child’s cognitive development is…..
Child goes through a set of stages in development in a FIXED ORDER!!!
Same for all children everywhere!!
“Children are scientists” – children are actively interacting with the environment, discovering and making sense of the world from birth.
There are 4 stages to my cognitive development theory. What are they?
The Sensori Motor Stage!!! (0-2)BODY SCHEMAS – the baby realises that it exists and starts to be able to recognise itself in the mirror or in a photo
MOTOR COORDINATION – infant learns to coordinate its movements a bit, e.g. hand to mouth for food
OBJECT PERMANANCE – begins to know that an objects still exists even when they can’t see it, after 8 months they will begin to look for hidden objects.
Pre Operational Stage (2-7)
ANIMISM – Children treat objects as though they are alive!!!
REVERSIBILTY – can’t work backwards, e.g. Ben Do you have a sister? Yes – Frogmella. Does Frogmella have a sister? Nope.
EGOCENTRISM – can’t see someone else’s point of view. Three mountains experiment.
Decentering – when egocentrism stops and also means that a child can recognise that an object has more than one feature, e.g. big and yellow.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OinqFgsIbh0Watch the three mountains
Concrete operational stage (7-11)
Linguistic Humour – double meanings. A horse walks into a bar, Barman says ‘why the long face?’
Seriation – Ability to put things in rank order
Small – large, young to old
Conservation – don’t know that quantity stays the same when you rearrange objects
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLj0IZFLKvg
The formal operational stage (11+)
Ability to solve sophisticated problems, reasoning skills.
Too fixed and rigid. Children reach different parts of different stages and can go back and forth!!!
50% of adults make to it the formal operational!!
Underestimate effect of support
Ignored different types of thinking
Cultural differences, thinking doesn’t develop in same way everywhere
NO how and why!!!!!
Vygotsky!!
• Innate by influenced by UPBRINGING
• Cultural tools
• Apprentice
• Zone of Proximal development
• Scaffolding
Cognitive bingo
• Piaget Vygotsky ZPD apprentice• Scientist cultural tools scaffolding• Conservation egocentrism• Linguistic humour seriation
animism• Preoperational concrete operational• Formal operational sensori motor• Invariant universal
Core study: Conservation of Number (1952)
Cross sectional study – compared children of different ages.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLj0IZFLKvgWatch this video from 30seconds. The counter task only – this is the procedure
FINDINGS - Pre operational stage (2-7)children fail the task and say there are more counters. Children in concrete operational stage (7-11)pass the test and know that the counters are the same just stretched out.