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Cognitivism
By:Group5
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GroupMember
IGedeJanaUtama
GedeAndyPrawira
IKadekDonySuantika IGdPtPurwaDana
A.A.RatihKusumaDewi
MadeSriIndraswari
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Overview
Definition of Cognitivism
The Theorist of Cognitivism
The Strength Weakness of Cognitivism Theory
The Comparison between Cognitivism and Behaviorism Theory
The Application of Cognitive Theory in Learning
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DefinitionofCognitivism
Cognitivismisthetheorythathumansgenerateknowledgeandmeaning
throughsequentialdevelopmentofan
individualscognitiveabilities.
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DefinitionofCognitivism(cont)
Cognitivetheorylookbeyondbehavior
toexplainbrainbaselearning,it
emphasizestheroleofmental
processes.
Itoftencomparethehumanmindwith
computer.
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TheTheoristofCognitivism
NoamChomsky
JeanPiaget
LevVygotsky
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NoamChomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky,bornDecember7,1928
anInstituteProfessor
andProfessor(Emeritus)
intheDepartmentof
Linguistics&PhilosophyatMIT.
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CognitivismbyNoamChomsky
Chomskyassumesthatchildrenare
bornwithalanguageacquisition
device(LAD).
ThisLADismadeupofasetof
generalprinciplescalleduniversal
grammar.
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JeanPiaget
BorninSwiss,August9,1896
DiedSeptember16,1980
StudythenaturalsciencesandreceivedhisPh.D.
inZoologyfromUniversityofNeuchtelin1918.
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ean Piagets Theory TheoryofCognitiveDevelopment
(1960s-1970s)
1. SCHEMA
2. ASSIMILATION
3. ACOMODATION
4. EQUILIBRIUM
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Cognitive Stage of Development1. Sensorimotor,(0-2year)
2. Pre-operational(2-7years)
3. Concreteoperationalperiod(7-11years)4. Formaloperationalperiod(11+)
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Lev Vygotsky BorninNovember
of1896inOrsha,
Russia
Died:June11,1934
Studiedatthe
MoscowState
Universityand
graduatedin1917
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Lev Vygotskystheory SosioculturalTheory(1970s-1980s)
1. ZoneofProximalDevelopment(ZPD)
Level1thepresentlevelofdevelopment Level2 thepotentiallevelofdevelopment
2.MoreKnowledgeOther(MKO)
Languageandculture
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Strengths and Weaknesses of TheCognitive Approach
Strength Weakness1. Enablesconsistency,exactroutineseg.logging
ontoPC.
1. Taskaccomplishmentmaynotbethebestwayto
learn
2.Itisusingamorerigorous
scientificmethod.
2.Oversimplistic-ignoring
thehugecomplexityofhumanfunctioning
comparedtocomputer
functioning.
3.Thisareahasworkedwithotherareasofpsychology
toproducethefollowing:
sociallearningtheory,
socialcognitionand
artificialintelligence.
3.Unrealisticandoverhypothetical-ignoringthe
biologicalinfluences,
emotionsandgroundingof
mentalprocesses.
Th C i b
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TheComparisonbetween
Cognitivism&BehaviorismCognitivism Behaviorism
Researchsubjectsareoftenhumans Researchsubjectsweremostlyanimals
Believethathumanbornwithinnate
facility/LADforacquiringlanguage
Allbehaviorincludinglanguageasthe
resultofstimuliandreinforcement.
Seesbehaviorasapointfromwhichto
abstractthementalprocessesbehindthe
behavior
Viewsbehaviorasanirreducible
consequenceofenvironmentalstimuli
Usesinformationprocessingasawayto
explainhowhumansperceive,remember,
andunderstandtheworldaroundthem
Usesthestimulusandresponse
metaphortointerpretexhibitedbehavior
intheworldandsetsitsinquiryaccording
totheaffordancesofthemetaphor.
f C
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ApplicationofCognitivism
How?
1. Knowsthestudentspriorknowledge2. Usetheconceptlearningtheorytoarrange
easiestmethodtohelpthemmemorizeit.
3. Letstudentactiveresearch,helpthemwhentheyhavequestionorproblem.
C l i
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Conclusion Cognitivismisthetheorythathumansgenerateknowledgeand
meaningthroughsequentialdevelopmentofanindividualscognitive
abilities. Thetheoristofcognivism:
1.NoamChomsky(LAD)
2.JeanPiaget(Schema,Assimilation,Accommodation,Equilibrationand
Disequilibrium,Cognitivedevelopmentstages)
3.LevVygotsky(ZoneofAproximaldevelopment)
Cognitivismtheoryalsohasstrengthsandweaknesses.Andthereare
alsothedifferencesbetweenCognitivismbasedonChomskyand
BehaviorismbasedonSkinner.
TheapplicationofCognitivetheoryinlearning: Knowsthestudentspriorknowledge
Usetheconceptlearningtheorytoarrangeeasiestmethodtohelp
themmemorizeit.
Letstudentactiveresearch,helpthemwhentheyhavequestionor
problem.
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