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An Introduction to Delayed Coking

Prepared By:

Jack Adams,

Adams Project Managers, Inc.

Email:APMI.Jack@gmail.com

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Dela ed Coker Process & S stems OverviewDela ed Coker Process & S stems Overview

This presentation provides an overview of the delayed coking system found

.

I. Process schematics (various sources)

.

III. The Coker Fractionator unit

IV. The Coker Furnace

V. The Coke Drums

VI. Coke Drum Opening

. ,

VIII. Coke Drum Cycle Time

comparison

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I.I. Dela ed Coker Process SchematicsDela ed Coker Process Schematics

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illipsBrochure

nce:

ConocoP

Refere

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site

nce:

CB&Iweb

Refere

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eelerBrochur

nce:

FosterW

Refere

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II. Dela ed Coker Feed MaterialII. Dela ed Coker Feed Material

feedstock is material from the

refinery vacuum unit, which is

otherwise used as road

asphalt. The objective of the

Coker is to process theasphalt-like material to

,

such as gasoline, diesel fuel,

LPG, and petroleum coke.

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III. Dela ed CokerIII. Dela ed Coker FractionatorFractionator

The Coker Fractionator

receives and separates the

ee s oc an sour crac e

gas and liquids from the

operating Coke Drum andCoker Furnace.

Fuels Gas and LPG are

recovered for fuel or other

pro uc s.

Naptha is recovered and sent

to the other refinery units for

gasoline production.

Light Coker Gas Oil (LCGO)

(HCGO) are sidedraws from

the Fractionator and are sent

to hydrotreating for processing

into diesel and other products.

The Coker Gas Plant further

.

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IV. Dela ed Coker FurnaceIV. Dela ed Coker Furnace

The Coker Furnace heats the

heavy liquid material from the

bottom of the Fractionator to

about 900 to 945o F. (482 to

507o C). This heating causes

the heavy liquid material to

crack or change into a

combination of smaller

molecule gas and liquid

products. Steam is injected to

minimize the cracking until it is

in the Coke Drum.

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V. Dela ed Coker Coke DrumsV. Dela ed Coker Coke Drums

The Coker typically has 2 or

more Coke Drums which

operate in pairs in a semi-

a c mo e:

In the Operating Coke Drum,the material from the Coker

Furnace, at high temperature

and low pressure, is injected

into the bottom of the drum

gaseous products which are

returned to the Fractionator for

product recovery and (2) into

the petroleum coke that

solidifies in the drum.

steamed, vented, and cooled

prior to the drum being opened

to atmosphere. After the drum

is opened, the petroleum coke

is cut from the drum using high

pressure water. Petroleum

coke or sim l coke is similar

to coal and is typically used forfuel in power plants.

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VI. Coke Drum O eninVI. Coke Drum O enin

The modern Coker has

automatic deheading valves

on the top and bottom coke

drum flanges to allow the coke

rums o e opene sa e y or

cutting the coke from the

drum. Historically, the flanges

were opened manually.

Several images are shown inthe following slides showing

.

Schematics also following

showing key valves in the

system and safety interlocks

which are common and allow

the opening of one Coke Drum

while having the other one in

.

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Before DeltaGuard

Safe Unheading

Totally enclosed system from the top

- ,

car or sluice way Eliminate exposure risk to

personnel, equipment, and

the unheading deck

Remotely operated from

control room

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Reference: Automation and Improved Safety of the Delayed Coking Process

using Modern Delayed Coking De-Heading Technology

By: Ruben Lah, VP / CTO

Curtiss-Wright Oil and Gas Systems Division

Isolation of a tarry drum

Isolation or control of a drum dump

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c ure ozz ec ure ozz e e a uare a uar

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. e aye o ng. e aye o ng

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n er oc sn er oc s

Reference: Shot Coke: Design & Operations

By John D. Elliott, Foster Wheeler USA Corporation

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VII. Coke Drum Cuttin Coke HandlinVII. Coke Drum Cuttin Coke Handlin

As the coke is cut by the high

pressure water nozzle, the

coke and water flow onto a

Coke Pad or into the Coke Pit,

where the water is separated

and recycled back to the

cutting water system.

o e s move rom t e p t y

either a bridge crane or a front

end loader for shipment .

Additional schematics and

images follow show various

components of the system.

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VII. Coke Drum CuttinVII. Coke Drum Cuttin

Drill assembly

Drill Assembly

Cutting Bit

Drill Stem Guide

Top Slide Valve

The Jet Water Pump

produces high pressure

water to cut the coke

Cutting Deck

from the drums.

Switch Valve

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u ou o u ng oou ng oo

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o e an ng raneo e an ng rane

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VIII. Coke Drum Cycle Time ComparisonVIII. Coke Drum Cycle Time Comparison

Reference: DELAYED COKER REVAMPS: REALIZATION OF OBJECTIVES

AM-04-69 -- By John D. Elliott, Foster Wheeler USA Corporation

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Additional Readin on Dela ed CokinAdditional Readin on Dela ed Cokin

We hope this very basic presentation has been informative. Additional

suggested reading materials are listed below and provide more detail

on the subject of delayed coking. We hope you will contact the

APMI/PROCESS Team when a coker revamp study is needed.

Tutorial: Dela ed Cokin Fundamentals b Paul J. Ellis and Christo her A. Paul of the Great Lakes Carbon Cor oration.

Presented at the 1998 AIChE Spring National Meeting in New Orleans, LA.

Coking Chapter 5 by _________of the Colorado School of Mines. Presented at _____________.

Petroleum Coke Petrography web page by Prof. John C. Crelling, Coal Research Center and Department of Geology,Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

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