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8/3/2019 Cold Chain Process
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Super Floral Show Panel
Presentation
Maintaining the Cold Chainfor Increased Flower
Longevity, IncreasedConsumer Satisfaction, and
Increased Profits
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Panel Members in Order of
Presentations George Staby
Randy Schenauer
Bruce Brady
Dan Gelfman
George Cantafio Bob Wilkins
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Flower Quality Factors as
Influenced by Temperature
George Staby
Perishables Research OrganizationChain of Life Network
PRO Institutes
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When temperatures are too high,the following all change
dramatically Respiration increases
Heat production increases
Vase life decreases
Ethylene-induced damages increase Disease development and growth increases
Leaf yellowing increases Flower fall increases
Premature flower death increases
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Average flower temperatures offlowers arriving in Miami for
Mothers Day, 2007
Origin Crop Boxes
F
C
Bogot Roses 30,329 61.3 16.3Bogot Carns 15,856 60.3 15.7
Medellin Mums 8,485 61.9 16.6
Quito Roses 3,948 63.4 17.4
Quito Other 3,692 63.6 17.5
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Flower temperature and
Respiration As depicted in the following slide, as
temperature increases, respirationincreases very rapidly, which in turn
quickly reduces flower quality and vase life
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Gerbera
y = 18.754e0.0997x
R2 = 0.9676
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Temperature (C)
respirationrate
(mlCO2/kg/hr)
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High transport / storage temperaturesincrease respiration & heat production
rates and thereby decrease vase life
Temperature(degrees F)
Respiration forcarnations &roses (heat
production)
Approximatedecrease in
vase life
compared to32 F
32 92 -
50 280 3.0 times faster
68 2438 26.5 times faster
86 4794 52.1 times faster
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Flower Temperature and Vase Life
As depicted in the following slide, it is very
common to have flower temperatures varygreatly during shipment from farms in
South America to Miami (dark line), whichresults in significant losses in vase life(yellow line showing about a 40% loss in
vase life even before the flowers areshipped to wholesalers or retailers)
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The Miami Problem
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 12 24 36 48 60 72
Time (hours)
Tem
per
ature
(F)
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
vaselife
rem
ainin
g
The Miami Problem
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 12 24 36 48 60 72
Time (hours)
Tem
per
ature
(F)
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
vaselife
rem
ainin
g
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Precool Flowers Rapidly for Best
Results As depicted in the following slide, cooling flowers
slowly by just placing them in a cooler results inmore condensate, which in turn results in much
greater chances for the development of the
number one postharvest disease Botrytis,commonly known as grey mold
It is best to cool flowers rapidly after harvest
using forced-air or vacuum precoolers
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Forced air cooling Room cooled
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What are some solutions?
Proper precooling at grower level
Not allowing the flowers to re-warm Concentrate on temperature, not speed
Transport more flowers in sea containers
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Sea Container Transport of
Flowers Wave of the Future?
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Some benefits of sea containers
Bottom air delivery
Discharge temperature control Air circulation not related to compressor motor
Well insulated and fairly air tight
Operates on electricity
Air exchanges can be regulated
Various atmospheres can be used whenappropriate
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More benefits of sea transport
Cold chain maintained
Less costly (about 20-35%) Door to door service available
Longer lasting flowers for consumers Selling while in transit (inventory control)
Mass marketers are use to this system
Gas treatments during transit are possible
Pressure airlines to be more competitive
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Some potential negatives of sea
transport Perception that flowers are old
Some species and/or cultivars will not work Slow to respond to changes in market prices
Some receivers can not handle the volume
Some consolidation and distribution points havenot yet been established
The same way of doing business may not work
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T Floor to allow for better air flow
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T Floor Bulkhead
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T Floor Rear Door
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Proper Loading is Important
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Load Almost to Ceiling
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Results of recent test
Shortest transit time was 1.1 days (airfrom California, 88% VLR)
Longest transit time was 11.5 days (seacontainer shipment from Colombia, 85%
VLR).
Wh ill / h ld d i h h
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Who will / should drive the change
to better cold chain management? Large and progressive wholesalers
Progressive mass market retailers
If we use the UK model of mass marketerscontrolling the distribution chain and
advertise accordingly, we too can doublethe per capita consumption of flowers infive years!
Obt i i fl l th t d
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Obtaining floral postharvest and
marketing informationChain of Life Network website
www.chainoflifenetwork.org
or contact George Staby at
209-295-1577
Skype = georgestaby
http://www.chainoflifenetwork.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.chainoflifenetwork.org/