*Troubles in Sudan*

By: Cole Maran

10A World Literature/CompositionThis is image is used under a CC license from http://www.flickr.com/photos/cubagallery/4929215588/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Area of Violence!

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PEACE!!!

Example of Violence

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Death from war

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“War Is Hell””

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Religious Conflicts

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Trying to Bring an End

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Its time to end

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All Efforts to End Are Futile!This is image is used

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BibliographyWorks Cited

"Darfur UNAMID issue harsh condemnation of Sudanese authorities." Darfur UNAMIDissue harsh condemnation of Sudanese authorities. Sudan Tribune, 27 Aug.2008. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28415>. This helped me to understand the harshness ofthe Darfur through another source other than "God grew tired ofus". I evaluated the information by the CRAAP test. As well as just bylooking at the information that I already had and the knowledge I alreadyhad and compared it to what the website was telling me and the informationon the website was correct. Understanding how harsh the Darfur really washelps me understand a little bit more about what the "Lost Boys"were going through. This also helped me to verify the information I alreadyhad.

"Focusing on the Future at Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya." Focusing on the Future at Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. LWF, 7 June 2001. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.lutheranworld.org/News/LWI/EN/396.EN.html>. School is becoming more and more important to the teenagers in Kenya refugee camps. This was just a website so I used the CRAAP test as well as different skills that I have learned from the online modules. I found that even though it is Lutheran church based there was very little bias thoughts and feelings. I needed more information about what school was like for the

"Lost Boys" as well as how they feel about school now compared to

how John and the "Lost Boys" felt. The school is way more advanced and wanted then what John descried in the memoir.

Lake, Anthony, dir. "The lost boys of the Sudan." unicef.org. UNICEF, n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2010. <http://www.unicef.org/sowc96/closboys.htm>. The most important information I got from this site was how far the "Lost boys" had to walk as well as the conditions in which they were walking. I used the CRAAP test and found this site to be credible. The UNICEF is very credible many people look the them for information and help. This really helped to put a lot more information about the "Lost boys" walking in my paper. It helped me as a researcher to really understand what the "Lost boys" went through.

Offer, Joanne. "Looking Beyond Somalia's Pirates And Into Kenya's Refugee Camps." Looking Beyond Somalia's Pirates And Into Kenya's Refugee Camps. Huffington Post, 2 May 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/01/ looking-beyond-somalias-p_n_179672.html>. In this source I was looking for the UN's help in Kenyan refugee camps as well as the difference between how John explained in the memoir how much the UN helped to just last year how much the UN helped. I used the CRAAP test while evaluating this source and I found that this is like a online news paper so to speak. It gets the word about many different subjects out to the public. When John describes the UN's help in the memoir I feel that it was to personal to convey how much they really helped. Also he did not see the mass effect as the UN does. This site helped me to see the mass effect as well as all the work they are doing for the lost boys.

"Religion in Sudan." Religion in Sudan. Wikipedia, Sept. 2010. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan>. Wiki spaces helped me a lot with the religion section of my paper. In this section I found out a lot of percentages that I feel helped my paper be more clear. when reading the memoir I thought that there were more native religions and Christians then Islamic, this wiki site helped me to find out that this is not true. I did not do a very through investigation on weather this site was credible. Discussions in class made me believe that wiki pages were being verified and by other people and if there was a flag then it was not credible, because of this I looked for flags and when I did not see any I used it as a credible source. This information helped me because I was corrected in my thinking that there were more Christians and native religions then Islamic people. I feel that this added contrast and correct thinking to my paper as well as information that was unknown before hand.

"Sudan Timeline." Sudan Timeline. Crawford, 24 Apr. 2004. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://crawfurd.dk/africa/sudan_timeline.htm>. The key information in this site was the correct date at which the war started. The memoir talks more about when the war hit his town. For this website since I only used it to find out the correct year at which the war hit Sudan I verified with other websites that all said the war started in 1962. I felt that because multiple websites said that the war ultimately started in 1962 that this date was credible and thus this source was credible. I feel that this added a more correct date then just when the war hit Johns town. I think that while that is important its more important to know the date that the war ultimately started.

"World: Africa Sudan's deadly hunger." World: Africa Sudan's deadly hunger. BBC News, 7 July 1998. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/ 128020.stm>. This source helped me figure out facts. Facts and statistics that John, the author of the memoir, may not have been able to give me. I used a lot of BBC News sites and I have found through my many other sources that BBC News is credible within it self. I did do the CRAAP test or what I could of it and found that I felt it was credible enough to use. I think that BBC news helped me add statistics. and more than anything helped me as a person and a writer to see the real horrors of how bad it is in Africa. I feel that while my paper is to educate people it also helps some people be aware of the issues with the "Lost boys".

Bibliography “Agriculture.” Country Studies. U.S. Lib of Congress, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://countrystudies.us/sudan/55.htm>. This source provided specific information about the agriculture in Sudan. I evaluated the information by checking the credibility of the owner of the site. I found that the U.S. Library of Congress owns the website. The Library of Congress is very dependable in providing accurate information. This source helped me in my research by providing information about how the agriculture productivity has decreased of the years during the civil war in Sudan. It helped my understanding of the specific statistics of the decline.Banks, Tamara. “Journalist Sparks Important Social Discussion.” Summit Daily News. Swift Communications, Inc., 1 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.summitdaily.com/article/20101001/AE/100939987/1078&ParentProfile=1055>. This information source provided me with information on the slavery problem during the war in southern Sudan. I evaluated this source by checking the author’s credibility. The author, Tamara Banks is a Denver area television and radio journalist who has traveled the Sudan/Darfur region documenting human slavery. She has studied in the Sudan region for an extensive amount of time. She has also published several other articles about first hand experiences with slaves from Sudan. This information source enhanced my understanding by providing information on the drastic statistics of the slavery crisis in southern Sudan. It has helped me understand how many families have been affected by the war and sold into slavery.Buckley, Stephen. “Loss of Culturally Vital Cattle Leaves Dinka Tribe Adrift in Refugee Camps.” The Washington Post. The Washington Post Co, 24 Aug. 1997. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/africanlives/sudan/sudan.htm>. This article mainly focused on the specific effects of the war on the Dinka tribe. I evaluated the information source by evaluating the author. I found by searching his background in Google that he has done extensive research on the Dinka Tribe. He has also taken several trips to Sudan to evaluate the damage done by the war. This information source not only supplied me with the effects of the war on the Dinka tribe, but it also gave me specific information from people of the Dinka. It provided me with primary source information.“Dinka.” Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Ed. Timothy L Gall and Susan B Gall. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale, 1999. 181-184. Gale Virtual Reference. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3435900462&v=2.1&u=cant48040&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w>. This source explained the customs of the Dinka tribe. I evaluated this source by checking the credibility of the information. I compared it to other similar articles on Gale Virtual Reference Library to make sure the information was accurate. This information source helped me understand the morals of the Dinkas. It provided me with information on how the civil war in Sudan affected the tribe.“The Economy.” Country Studies. U.S. Lib of Congress, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://countrystudies.us/sudan/53.htm>. This article provided me with information on the economy of Sudan from 1950 until present day. I evaluated the information source by checking the credibility of the publisher by searching on the “about us” page. The U.S. Library of Congress is the publisher. The U.S. Library of Congress is the center for all information on the world’s countries. This information enhanced my learning by providing statistics rather than estimates. It provided me with examples of the decline in Sudan’s economy.Sebit, Sindani. “Road to Referendum.” Sudan Tribune. SudanTribune, 30 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article32955>. This source provided me with information on the upcoming referendum in Sudan. I evaluated the source by using the CRAAP test. I checked the accuracy by evaluating other websites. I made sure that all of the assumptions made in the article were supported by sufficient evidence. This information gave me great insight on the referendum in Sudan. It provided me with information on the possible outcomes of the election. I also learned about the SPLA’s views on the referendum as well as northern Sudan’s views.“Southern Sudanese Independence Referendum, 2011.” Wikipedia. N.p., 22 Oct. 2010. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Sudanese_independence_referendum,_2011#cite_note-14>. This article explained the upcoming referendum in Sudan. I evaluated the source by checking the validity of the quote I used from Salva Kiir, the president of the southern region of Sudan. I used Google to validate his statement. This source helped me understand the consequences of the 2011 referendum in Sudan. It helped me realize to what aspects of the policy the political leaders are concerned.“Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement.” Wikipedia. N.p., 21 Oct. 2010. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_People’s_Liberation_Army/Movement#US_support>. This source provided information on the SPLA and SPLM organizations. I evaluated the information in this source by using Google to verify the information was correct. I also checked for bias points. This source gave me the basic information on the main goals of the SPLA. It helped me understand the purpose of the organization.

Bibliograhpy

Eggers, Dave, and John Prendergast. “In Sudan, War Is around the Corner.” New York Times 13 July 2010: A.25. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. This article describes the direct impact that President Bush had on Sudan shortly after he entered the White House. He did this by deciding to put all of the diplomatic weight on the United States to end this war. I evaluated this information source by researching the authors of this article on Wikipedia. Both authors, Dave Eggers and John Predergast, have reputable resumes and are very reliable in terms of accuracy. This article made me realize the amount of devastation that there was in Southern Sudan from 1983-2005 because of the loss of two million people. Also, this information source helped me understand how the war finally came to peace.Inbar, Michael. “George Clooney: We Can Stop Civil War in Sudan.” MSNBC. N.p., 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/39629106/ns/today-today_people/>. This article is an overview of an interview with George Clooney who is actively involved with Sudan. George Clooney tells the reporter that the only solution to this problem is through hard diplomacy opposed to military force. I evaluated this source by using the CRAAP test and it passed all of the requirements. Also, MSNBC is a trusted news site internationally, so I knew that I could rely on the credibility of this information. This information source gave the desire to get more involved with this issue in Sudan. Also, it gave me the understandings that more Americans need to expand their horizons to a global perspective.Lesch, Ann M. “Sudanese Civil Wars.” Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 2102-2105. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3424602567&v=2.1&u=&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w>. In this article, Leschdescribes the different causes and effects of the civil wars in Sudan. I knew that I could trust this source because I retrieved it from Gale which is a very dependable database. Also, I checked the author’s background and she has an impressive history of her work that she has done in Sudan. This article well informed me about the civil wars in Sudan. This allowed me to apply this knowledge to the things that are currently going on in Sudan today.Reeves, Eric. “Africa’s New Threat: Sudan at Flash Point.” Christian Science Monitor 24 Nov. 2009: n. pag. Global Issues in Context. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=b527955b5caccdb4b4a2d40e86fe061a&type=retrieve&tabID=T006&prodId=GIC&docId=CJ212813430&source=gale&userGroupName=cant48040&version=1.0>. In Reeve’s article, he informs the potential danger that would spark another civil war in Sudan. Along with this, he states the solutions that could be implemented in order to keep peace. I almost knew I could trust this source as soon as I found it because I found it on Gale Global Issues in Context. This is a extremely up to date, accurate, and reliable database that knows what it’s doing. This information served me well for the fact that I now know why there might be another civil war in the near future. This article was helpful in many ways and I was able to get more detailed reasonings why we should be taking action in Sudan.Sheridan, Mary Beth. “Obama Administration Intensifies Efforts in Sudan.” Washington Post 30 Aug. 2010: n. pag. Gale Global Issues in Context. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/29/AR2010082902816.html>. This article explains the recent efforts of the Obama administration in Sudan. Sheridan also adds that time in Sudan is running out and that the peace most likely will be broken if there is not any action now. I evaluated this source by researching the author, Mary Beth Sheridan, on Wikipedia and she seemed to be a very reliable author to trust that the information was correct. Also, she is a writer for the Washington Post, which means that she is a professional in Obama administration knowledge and information. This information helped me in regards to the things that the United States is trying to do to keep peace in Sudan. What surprised me was that the United States seems to have been the only peace negotiating country in Sudan for almost the past decade.“UN Envoys Worried about Sudan Violence.” American Free Press 5 Oct. 2010: n. pag. Google News. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i-eHoS_qPQ0eGfq0XYfDgMdaAerA?docId=CNG.29fa01d16fcde30cb5d406b0b6b63005.3f1>. This article described the efforts to keep peace that the Obama administration have made. It also describes the goals that the administration has in Sudan regardless of the outcome of the upcoming election. I had to use the CRAAP test on this article, but it was tricky. It was tricky because the article did not reveal an author so I had to use other skills to be sure that it was a dependable source. This article helped me understand the current issues that are going on in Sudan and the efforts to solve these issues. Also, this article gave me a new perception on the United States because I was impressed that we have stayed involved in Sudan for this long.