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Europe Hebrew Uni Weismann Inst of Science Soreq Reseaarch Center Nuclear Research Center Th Exp Israel Quenn’s Univ of Belfast Univ of St.Andrews Univ of York RAL inst of Optoelectronics Inst of Plasma Phys and Laser Microfusion (IFPILM) Warsaw Inst of Nuclear Studies HASYLAB at DESY Max-Born Ins (MBI) Van der Waals-Zeeman Lab Univ de Liege U de Mons-Hainaut Inst fro analytical Study GSI Max-Plank Inst Q Opt Paris Saclay LULI CELIA ESRF EMPA Jerusalem Rehovot Yavne Beer-Sheva Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Nd:glass 15 J 1 ns B= 5-20 T Plasma -Focus Dubendorf Grenoble Th Th Th Th Th Exp Friedrich-Schiller Univ of Jena Techn Univ of Drmstadt Darmstadt Garching Jena Berlin Belfast Hamburg Amsterdam Dortmund Nd:glass Ti:Sa 25 mJ 120 fs 10 Hz 5·10 17 Wcm -2 NHELIX 100 J 15 fs PHELIX 500 J 500 fs + Ion beams Th Th Th Th Th Th Nd:glass 3J 900 ps Bordeaux Exp Ti:Sa 20 mJ 35 fs 10 17 Wcm -2 Mons Ditcot Vulcan PW 300 J 1 ps 10 20 Wcm -2 Univ Paris Comue Paris Observatory Th UHI10 800 mJ 60 fs 10 19 Wcm -2 Th Exp Th LULI2000 500 J 1.5 ns LUCA 100 mJ 20 Hz (1200 – 50) fs PICO2000 200 J 1 ps Th Janus Pannonius Univ Inst of Physics, PALS Masaryk Univ Univ of Technology EMPA R.C ELETRA Politecnico di Milano Univ di Milano-Bicocca ILIL CNR Pisa Univ Padova Univ L’Aquila Univ ENEA Frascati DAFNE Synchr INFN ENEA C.R.Casaccia Inst Superiore di Sanita Univ Tor Vergata Inst di Struttura della Materia Th Th Th Th Th Exp Exp Th Th Th Th Th Pécs Prague Brno Dubendorf Trieste Milan Pisa Padova L’Aquila Rome Szeged ELI-ALPS Exp Exp Ne-like Ar X-ray Laser 46.9 nm ~ 100 μJ ~1 ns Frascati XeCl excimer laser 0.308 nm 2 J 12 ns 10 Hz LiF XR detector ULTRAS Ti:Sa 120 mJ 50-2000 fs 10 Hz ABC Nd:glass 100 J 3 ps Exp Exp Th Nd:glass 15 J 5 ns Nd:glass 1 2 40 mJ 40 ps 1-10 Hz Exp Exp Th INFN Nat Lab of Frascati Exp Ti:Sa 3 mJ 50 fs 10 Hz Univ “La Sapienza” Th Ti:Sa 80 mJ 10 Hz 40 2000 fs <10 18 Wcm -2 Europe Year Laboratory Laser installation and parameters Description of experiment and important results 2004 USA, LLNL COMET, Nd:glass laser, =1.06 m E = 2 - 6 J, = 500 ps, I ~ 10 17 -10 19 W/cm 2 High resolution X-Ray spectromicroscopy of spectra near K α lines of Ti with foils targets. First observation of K α spatially resolved images from back side of foil target. Measurements of electron temperature in cold solid plasma (Warm Dense Matter) 2005 - 2006 Italy, Polytechnico di Milano ULTRAS, Ti:Sa laser, =780 nm E = 120 mJ, τ = 50 - 2000 fs I < 2x10 17 W/cm 2 Contrast 10 3 -10 , Repetition rate 10 Hz High resolution X-Ray spectromicroscopy of K- spectra of F, Al, Fe solid targets irradiated by low contrast laser pulses. Investigations of acceleration of multicharged ions. 2007 - 2010 Japan KPSI, JAEA JLITE-X Ti:Sa laser E = 120 mJ, τ=36 fs, I < 4x10 17 W/cm 2 Contrast ~ 10 6 J-KAREN Ti:Sa laser E = 1 J, τ = 40 fs ,I ~ 4x10 18 W/cm 2 Contrast ~ 10 10 High resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy of Oxygen and Ar cluster plasma. Diagnostics of plasma parameters. First time a gas mixture (CO 2 + He) for production micron-size clusters in supersonic jet is used. First time a gas mixture (CO 2 + He) for production micron-size clusters in supersonic jet is used. First time a gas mixture (CO 2 + He) for production micron-size clusters in supersonic jet is used. Observation of positive and negative ions acceleration up to the multi-MeV energies. High performance submicron conventional and phase-contrast imaging of ultra-thin solid and biological objects High resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy of Oxygen, Ar, Kr and Xe cluster plasma. Diagnostic of relativistic plasma parameters. Observation of Hollow ions spectra of Ar ions. Participation in flying mirror X-ray beams experiments. November 2010 USA University of Nevada, Reno Nd glass laser, =1065 nm, E~ 20 J, =0.5 ps – 0.5 ns, Q~ 1019 W/cm2, Contrast about 107 Systematic investigations of X-ray spectra of multicharged ions under relativistic laser intensities. Observation of self-radiography of plasma targets due to the fountain effect in self-generated strong magnetic field. January 2011 China, Institute of Physics Ti:Sa laser, E = 1 J, τ = 100 fs, I 10 19 W/cm 2 Contrast ~10 10 Investigations of fast electron acceleration and hard X-ray generation in cluster plasma. First observation of high-energy electron beam with energy up to 600 MeV along the laser propagation direction and another electron beam having even higher charge of ~ 3 nC with energy >1 MeV in the direction perpendicular to the laser propagation. Demonstration the high flux K -like X-rays with energy 2.96 keV generated in large Ar clusters with a total flux of 2.5 × 10 11 photons/J (conversion efficiency of 1.2 × 10 −4 ) Observation of K X-ray (12.7 keV) with flux 8 × 10 8 photons/J for Kr clusters. 2011 February- March Italy, Pisa, Institute of Optics, CNR Ti:Sa laser, =780 nm E = 80 mJ, τ = 40-2000 fs, I <2x10 18 W/cm 2 Contrast ~10 8 , Repetition rate 10 Hz Detailed investigations of fast electron acceleration in cluster plasma. Demonstration of possibility 2 MeV electron radiography with spatial resolution ~ 50 micron using femtosecond-laser-based cluster plasma source 2010 - 2011 JIHT RAS, Russia Ti:Sa laser, =780 nm E 1 mJ, τ=60 fs, I < 2x10 15 W/cm 2 Contrast 10 3 -10 4 , Repetition rate 1 kHz First obserevation of K emission in the energy range 8 -30 KeV during solid target irradaition in air by femtosecond laser pulses. 2011-2013 Japan KPSI, JAEA JKAREN Ti:Sa laser E = 1-10 J, τ = 40 fs , I 2 x10 21 W/cm 2 Contrast ~ 10 10 High resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy of Oxygen and Ar cluster plasma. Spectroscopic Investigations of radiation properties of plasma irradiated by relativistic laser pulses with intensities up to 1.8x10 21 W/cm 2 , observation of fully ionized Al and Fe ions. Diagnostic of relativistic plasma parameters 2014 - 2016 UK RAL Vulcan Nd:glass laser E = 120 J, τ = 0.5 – 1 ps, I = 3x 10 20 W/cm 2 First observation of high-n hollow ions produced in Si targets via pumping by ultra-intense x-ray radiation produced in intense laser-plasma interactions reaching the radiation dominant kinetics regime (RDKR) . Multi-zone approach for modeling parameters of plasma with non-linear gradients of electron density and temperature. 2014 - 2017 Japan KPSI, JAEA JKAREN-P Ti:Sa laser E = 14 J, τ = 40 fs , I 9 x 10 21 W/cm 2 Contrast ~ 10 10 First spectroscopic observation unusual non-linear growth of x-ray yield from Al and SUS thin foils irradiated by 200 TW fs laser, investigation the role of laser contrast on generation of highly charged Fe ions. Year Laboratory Laser installation and parameters Description of experiment and important results 1997 Japan, Institute of Electrocommuniation Tokyo EBIT First spatially reserved measurements of highly charged ions emission 1999 USA, LLNL COMET fasility 1) Ni-like Pd X-ray Laser, =14.7 nm E = 10 J, ~ 1 ps 2) Ne-like Fe X-ray Laser Investigations of X-Ray laser media by X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques. Demonstration an increase of x-ray laser output after creation creation gap in the plasma media (prototype of double target XRL) 2001 - 2006 Italy L’Aquila University Capillary discharge X-ray laser Ne-like Ar = 46.9 nm E=100 J, ~ 1 ns Development soft X-ray imaging technique for characterization focusibility and spatial coherent properties of X-ray laser. Demosntration the possibility of ablation for dielectrics using SXRL lasers with nanosecond pulse duration. 2001 - 2002 France ESRF Grenoble ESRF BM5 beamline Investigations the rocking curves of different spherically bent crystals. Testing different optical configurations for X-ray projection imaging using spherically bent crystals. 2003 Italy ELETTRA synchrotron facility in Trieste SYRMEP X-ray beamline Mapping of the metal intake in plants by large-field X-ray microradiography and preliminary feasibility studies in microtomography 2004 Italy Frascati DAfNE synchrotron facility 3-8 KeV energy range Mapping of the metal intake in plants by large-field X-ray microradiography 2005 USA LLNL SuperEBIT Polarization measurements of Ar and Fe H line emission 2007 - 2010 Japan KPSI, JAEA Ni-like Ag soft X-ray laser facility =13.9 nm , τ= 7 ps, I ~ 10 9 W/cm 2 Development submicrometer-resolution in situ imaging of SXRL beam using LiF crystal detector. Demonstration of strong lowering of ablation threshold of dielectrics in the case of its irradiation by picosecond XRL pulses. 2008, 2009 Japan, XFEL RIKEN, SPring-8 SASE-FEL laser facility =17-21nm; 52 - 61 nm, τ ~ 300 fs, I ~ 10 9 - 3x10 12 W/cm 2 Development of methods for characterization of spectral, spatial and coherence properties of FEL soft X-ray beam. Investigations of two-temperature warm dense matter produced by ultrashort extreme vacuum ultraviolet- free electron laser pulse. 2011 - 2013 Japan KPSI, JAEA Ni-like Ag soft X-ray laser facility =13.9 nm , τ= 7 ps, I ~ 10 9 W/cm 2 Demonstration of strong lowering of ablation threshold of different metals in the case of its irradiation by picosecond XRL pulses. First observation of the possibility of nanoscale modification of metal surfaces under extremely low intensity (~10-20 mJ/cm 2 ) picosecond XRL pulses. First observation of x-ray mirage. 2015-2017 Japan, XFEL RIKEN, SPring-8 SACLA XFEL, 10 keV, 400 uJ, 7 fs Development imaging micron-resolution method for in situ characterization properties of XFEL beam based on LiF crystal detector. Observation of Cu K spectrum in single shot irradiation. Application of spectroscopic measurement for optimization interaction parameters in pump-probe experiment Application of LiF detector for high resolution, lerged field of view absorption and phase contrast imaging in the interests of pump-probe experiments Achievements in studies with soft X-ray lasers, Database Publications Citation H-index 1973 - 2017 WEB of Sience 591 6667 38 material under impact of soft x-ray laser irradiation Observation of lowering threshold ablation for dielectrics and metals Investigation of surface modification and 3D nanostructuring of Developing submicron spatial resolution imaging methods based on LiF crystal detector Investigation in vivo biological objects in water window spectral range Quasi-3D absorption and phase contrast imaging of subnano- and micron-thick foils with cluster plasma source Absorption and phase contrast imaging for target quality control in the interests of pump-probe experiment FSSR-2D FSSR-1D B Mg Basic technique: Spherically bent mica and quartz crystals - Focusing Spectrometer with a Spatial Resolution (FSSR) Spectral range 0.6 – 10 keV / up to 10000 high luminosity D : f = 1 : 3 - X-ray monochromatic backlighting - X-ray crystal imaging microscope (XCIM) - X-ray projection imaging - X-ray imaging of self emitting objects - Collimation and focusing of X-ray beam X-ray spectroscopy and spectromicrscopy Diagnostics of shock waves Observation dynamics of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities Probe of wire-array Z-pinch hohlraum experiment Flat FSSR Precise ( < 0.1 mÅ) wavelength measurements, measurements of ionization potentials and indentification of lines. Database SPECTR-W 3 Sources: Laser produced plasma las : 30-70 fs, ~ 1 ps, ~ 1 ns, 10-20- ns, las : 0.3 μm, 0.8 μm, 1 μm; I las : 10 11 - 10 18 W/cm 2 X-pinch Plasma parameters: N e = 10 18 – 10 23 cm -3 , T e = 100 – 2000 eV, T e hot ~ 3-10 KeV EBIT Plasma investigations, development of new diagnostics methods Interaction of ns- ps-, fs- laser pulses with solids, gases and clusters, EBIT plasma-focus, X-, Z-pinch Plasma expansion in magnetic field Plasma interaction with obstacles Plasma interaction with obstacles Recombining plasma in shockwaves Diagnostics of “hot” particles in plasma: hot electrons; acceleration of ions Diagnostics of non- linear effects: radiation dominated kinetic regime strong oscillating electrical and magnetic fields observation of laser- and plasma-satellites Diagnostics of superdense plasma in interaction of intense fs-laser with nanoparticles 0.915 R = 400/1e6 # 27mg-Hea Intensity [arb. units] Intensity [arb. units] 0.915 1s2p P 1 1s2p P 1 1s2p P 1 3 1s2p P 1 1 3 0.920 0.920 Wavelengths [nm] Wavelengths [nm] 0.925 0.925 0.930 0.930 0.935 0.935 0 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80 100 100 120 120 (b) (a) 1s2l2l’ Mg X, XI GSI nhelix-Laser crystal Ly Si XIV (RAL) High resolution neutron imaging, ion imaging - SACLA XFEL (Spring-8). In situ 3D characterization of the beam focusability. Diffraction method for determination parameters of the beam Characterization spatial and coherent properties of x-ray lasers: - Double plasma soft x-ray laser (KPSI), observation X-ray mirage phenomenon - SASE FEL (Sacla prototype, Spring-8) - Capillary discharge Soft x-ray laser (L’Aquila). Two-beam interferometric encoding of PL gratings Measurement of capillary XRL beam coherence with LiF Ion imaging RTI target SACLA, 10 kV, 1 shot Collaboration network and experimental facilities Investigations in the field of laser interaction with matter synchrotrons, EBIT and free electron lasers
