1
Improved Rural Incomes from Better Forage Production and Sales of Milk
Products
Collaborators
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Food
Macaulay Research Consultancy Services
Aga Khan Foundation
Goal
Profitable alternative livelihoods for livestock-owing households in poppy
growing areas of Afghanistan
Purpose
Efficient use of rain-fed and irrigated arable land for forage and milk
production
2
Project Components
• Partnerships
• Improving fodder production
• Improving livestock feeding
• Improving milk production/processing
• Capacity building
Communities (9) and households (400)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
BalaiAsia
S2
Mataki
Logari
Shinwari
Ghorbani
Saraki Mamorin
Saraki Atiq
Kotiha
Saraki Awal
Participating Households
3
Partnerships for implementation
Partnerships for implementation
4
Partnerships for implementation
Partnerships for implementation
5
Partnerships for implementation
Partnerships for implementation
6
Partnerships for implementation
Partnerships for implementation
7
Improved milk production and processing
Improved fodder crops and management options demonstrated
• New forage crops varieties tested - 14 alfalfa, 9 clover, 4 grasspea, 6vetch, 2 oats, 33 sorghum, 20 cowpea.
• Agronomic management options to improve fodder yields tested – households, 5 villages: seeding rates, manure, in-organic fertilizer.
• Seeds production enhanced – 3 contract farmers; alfalfa, berseem, oats .
8
Forage improvement
Forage improvement - clovers
9
10
11
Green fodder yield - Trifolium, 2nd cut
0
20
40
60
80
T. pillulare
T. che
rleri
T. h
aus
sken
chii
T. r
esup
inatum
T. a
ngu
stifo
lium
T. resu
pina
tum (Lo
cal)
T. a
lexa
ndrin
um cv.
Mas
skaw
i
T. s
cab
rum
T. alexa
ndrin
um c
v. A
gaiti
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/ha)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sward
height (cm
)
Yield Height
12
Green fodder yield - Trifolium, 1st cut
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
T. pillulare
T. alexandrinum
cv. Agaiti
T. cherleri
T. resupinatum (Local)
T. hausskenchii
T. resupinatum
T. angustifolium
T. scabrum
T. alexandrinum
cv. Masskawi
Green fodder (m
t/ha)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sward height (cm)
Yield Height
Green fodder yield - Trifolium, 3rd cut
0
10
20
30
40
50
T. pillulare
T. cherleri
T. hausskenchii
T. alexandrinum cv. Masskawi
Green fodder (t/ha)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sward height (cm)
Yield Height
13
Green fodder yield - Trifolium, 4th cut
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
T. cherleri
T. hausskenchii
T. pillulare
Green fodder (t/ha)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sward height (cm)
Yield Height
Seed yield - Trifolium species
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
T. ch
erleri
T. ha
ussken
chi
T. pillu
lare
Seed
(t/ha)
14
Forage improvement - oats
Avena sativa varieties
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
PD-2 Scott
Variety
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/h
a)
15
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
T. re
supin
atum
T. an
gusti
foliu
m
T. sca
brum
T. pi
llular
e
T. al
exan
drium
cv M
aska
wi
T. re
supin
atum cv
Loca
l
T. ha
ussk
enctii
T. pu
rpure
um
T. al
exan
drium
cv Aga
iti
T. ch
erleri
Fres
h fo
dder
(kg/
ha)
Early Oats Late Oats
Forage improvement - alfalfa
16
2.312.420.762.222.52.62SE6.486.754.916.196.697.33LSD26.218.919.428.432.540.1Mean
322021354049CU F
222018294047Aleppo-535302122313546Aleppo-597231720273545Verdor261517303442Legend332626293442Prime241612293340Aleppo-54
212220263240Barlydia291922283139M eldor251922283038Sequel262120292937Campagnola271918242936K ysary
261316272734Scept re231617262626Local654321
CutsVariet y
Green fodder yield ( t /ha) of alfalfa - Baghlan
Alfalfa green fodder yield - average of six cuts
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Loca
l
Sce
ptre
Kys
ary
Ale
ppo-
54
Lege
nd
Barly
dia
Cam
pagn
ola
Ver
dor
Mel
dor
Seq
uel
Ale
ppo-
535
Ale
ppo-
597
Prim
e
CUF
Fodd
er y
ield
(mt/h
a)
17
Lathyrus sativus lines
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Local-vetch
527 519 445 475
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/h
a)
0
20
40
60
80
Hei
ght (
cm)
Yield Height
Vicia sativa lines
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
2556 Local 2604
Vicia sativa lines
Gre
en fo
dder
yie
ld
(t/ha
)
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
Hei
ght (
cm)
Green fodder Height
Testing new fodder crops – Common vetch
18
Testing new fodder crops – Common vetch
Vicia narbonensis lines
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2651 2383 2380 Local-vetch
Vicia narbonensis lines and local-vetch
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/h
a)
Forage improvement - sorghum
19
Sorghum varieties vary in regrowth fodder yield- average of 3 cu ts
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
ICS
AR-9
3034
Loca
l-Afg
han
Loca
l-Syr
ian
PSV-
16IC
SV-
574
DG
-652
39IC
SV-
9304
6PS
V-30
PVK-
801
PSV-
12S
-35
PSV-
5PS
V-2
PSV-
3PS
V-4
FH-4
8A-
2267
-2G
D-6
5195
GD
-651
22IC
SV-
745
PSV-
20FM
-147
ICS
V-70
0G
D-6
5130
DG
-651
74-2
PSV-
19B
-24
ICS
V-96
143
NTJ
-2G
D-6
5118
Fod
der
yiel
d (g
/sta
nd)
0
40
80
120
160
200
Sta
nd h
eigh
t (cm
)
Fodder Height
Early-maturing cowpeas: grain and straw yields
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
IT-9
8K-2
05-8
IT-9
8K-5
06-1
IT-0
0K-9
01-5
IT-9
3K-4
52-1
Bag
hlan
-Loc
al
IT-9
6D-6
10
Syr
ian-
Loca
l
IT-9
9K-3
16-2
IT-9
9K-4
91-7
IT98
K-4
91-4
IT-0
0K-8
98-5
IT-9
8K-5
89-2
IT-9
7K-5
68-1
8
IT-9
9K-1
122
IT-9
9K-5
29-1
Yie
ld (k
g D
M/h
a)
Grain Straw Total
Forage improvement - cowpeas
20
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
21
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
Seed rate affects berseem yield on-farm
0 1000 2000 3000 40 00
45
35
25
Seed
rate
(kg/
ha)
Green fodder yield (kg/ha)
Seed rat e affect s alfalfa fodder yield
0 1000 2000 3000
45
35
25
Seed
rate
(kg/
ha)
Green fodder yield (kg/ha)
On-farm demonstration – seeding rate
Farmer’srate
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
22
Manuring rate affects alfafa fodder yield, on-farm
0 500 1000 1500 2000
3
6
9
Man
urin
g ra
te (t
/ha)
Green fodder yield (kg/ha)
Farmer’srate
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
Fig. 14. Phosphorus fertilizer increases fodder yield: alfalfa
010203040
50 100 200
Phosphorus (kg/ha)
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/
ha)
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
23
Manure promotes higher alfafa fodder yield
0
5
10
15
20
3 6 9
Manure application rate (kg/ha)
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/h
a)
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
Manure with phoshorus increases alfalfa and berseem fodder y ield
05
1015202530
Manure (3t/ha) Manure + 50 kg P/ha Manure + 100 kgP/ha
Gre
en fo
dder
(t/h
a)
Alfalf a Berseem
Forage improvement: on-farm testing
24
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
25
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
26
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
27
28
29
30
31
Machine chopping saves farmers time
0
4
8
12
16
Hand chopping Machinechopping
Fodd
er le
ngth
(cm
)
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
Machine chopping of fodder saves time
0
20
40
60
80
100
Hand chopping Machine chopping
Fodd
er c
hopp
ing
time
(min
)
Improved feeding: on-farm testing
32
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
SarqkiKhan
Ghorbandi SarakiMammorin
Shinwari
Dai
ly m
ilk in
crea
se (l
/cow
Whole-maize fodder (Control) Chopped-maize fodder
Chopping maize fodder improves milk yield
Improved milk processing
• Document local milk processing practices.
• Established women’s association.
• Identify constraints
• Train women – milk hygiene
• Supply improved churners
• Supply gloves
• Supply cylinders
33
Improved milk production and processing
34
35
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
36
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
37
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
38
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
39
40
41
Improved milk production and processing
Improved churner reduces women labour
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Local churner Improvedchurner
Chu
rnin
g tim
e (m
in)
42
Improved churner increases butter output
0200400600800
1000
Local churner Improvedchurner
But
ter (
g/kg
you
ghur
t)
43
Improved milk production and processing
44
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
45
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
46
Improved milk production and processing
Improved milk production and processing
47
Manure processing for fuel
Manure processing for fuel
48
Manure processing for fuel
Knowledge exchanged and skills of partners improved
• Farmers’ (men) associations – 400 men
• Women’s associations – 400 households
• Extension officers trained - Ministry of Agriculture – Baghlan, NGOs
• Students trained - Baghlan & Tahar Univ.
• Computer skilled upgraded – Univ. of Baghlan & Department of Women Affairs
49
Knowledge exchange
Knowledge exchange
50
Knowledge exchange
Knowledge exchange
51
Knowledge exchange
Knowledge exchange
52
Conclusions….significant progress and impa
akeholder partnerships
• Improved fodder production.
• Better feeding to increase milk .
• Better milk processing.
• Knowledge transfer.
• Skills and capacity building improved.
Thank you