CollectionsSource: Isis, Vol. 92, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 249-254Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/237466 .

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BOOK REVIEWS-ISIS, 92: 1 (2001) 249

* Reference Tools

Martha J. Bailey. American Women in Science: 1950 to the Present: A Biographical Dictionary. xxxvi + 455 pp., illus., bibl., index. Santa Bar- bara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 1998. $75.

This second volume of Martha J. Bailey's bio- graphical dictionary includes women scientists who were born in 1920 or after or started work after 1950, with several exceptions. The scope of Bailey's new biographical dictionary is more inclusive than that of her first volume. In this volume she includes women not only in the physical and natural sciences but also in the so- cial and behavioral sciences. Out of approxi- mately 333 entries, sixty-two might be catego- rized as social or behavioral scientists. The new volume also includes more photographs and uses a wider variety of sources than did the previous one, which relied heavily on American Men and Women of Science.

This book is organized into sections: two in- troductory, one of names, and one of profes- sions. The preface is followed by an introduction that includes a discussion of science and women's participation in it after World War II. The heart of the book is the biographical sketches that include a template with standard information and a one- or two-page biographical account followed by a short bibliography of sec- ondary sources used in the account. An index and bibliography follow the biographical sketches.

The criteria for inclusion are stated unclearly in the preface. Bailey lists six criteria and implies that all six must be met in order for a person to be included. However, this clearly is not the case when the entries are examined. For example, al- though one of her criteria stated that she included women who were engaged in professions rep- resented by members of the National Academy of Sciences or the National Academy of Engi- neering, in the listing of "Professions" at the beginning of the book she includes "aviator," "cancer," "management consultant," "science writer," and other fields not represented by either of these organizations. Although under the cri- teria she implies that her subjects were members of the National Academy of Sciences or the Na- tional Academy of Engineering and recipients of major awards, such as the Garvan or the Lasker Award, this certainly is not always the case. This confusion is cleared up in her introduction.

The matter of inclusion is especially difficult when living scientists are concerned. There are invariably omissions, so selectivity becomes

somewhat subjective, and it is inevitable that some important scientists will be omitted. Some might question the inclusion of people such as Joyce Brothers, Ruth Westheimer, and Jane E. Brody, for although they have scientific creden- tials they are best known for popularization. However, if the purpose of the dictionary is to consider women who have had an impact on sci- entific activity, her selections are justified, al- though it is unclear why others, such as Vera Kistiakowksy, were omitted. She made a special effort to include minority scientists, including, for example, Jewel Plummer Cobb, who re- ceived numerous awards, including eighteen honorary degrees.

Biographical sources on women scientists are often difficult to find. In this volume, Bailey re- lies on a much more inclusive list of secondary sources than she did in her first volume. In ad- dition to standard secondary sources, she also made use of information found in popular mag- azines. Her bibliography is useful and provides source details for individuals wanting to find out more about American women scientists. It would have been helpful, when the information was available, to know the authors of the articles (in many of the sources they are signed) rather than just the source in which the reference appeared. In her valuable introduction, Bailey selects areas of research that have been in the forefront of late twentieth-century science and discusses the role of women in these fields.

The book is attractive and easy to use. Bailey has done an excellent job of bringing together material about a large number of American women scientists, many of whom are still living. This book will be of value to those interested in information about the recent role of women in science. It provides role models for young women who might be surprised at the wide va- riety of choices open to those who are interested in a scientific career.

MARILYN BAILEY OGILVIE

* Collections

Fabio Bevilacqua; Lucio Freonese (Editors). Nuova Voltiana: Studies on Volta and His Times. Volume 1. (Collana di Storia della Scienza.) [x] + 157 pp., illus., figs., tables. Di Pavia: Univ- ersita Degli Studi; Milano: Editore Ulrico Hoe- pli, 2000. L30,000, 15.49 (paper).

John L. Heilbron: Analogy in Volta's Exact Natural Philosophy. Keith Hutchison: Forces and Facts: Yet

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250 BOOK REVIEWS-ISIS, 92: 1 (2001)

Another Fragment for the Explanation for Late Eighteenth-Century Dynamism. Elena Brambilla: Scientific and Professional Education in Lombardy, 1760-1803: Physics Between Medicine and Engineer- ing. Walter Bernardi: The Controversy on Animal Electricity in Eighteenth-Century Italy: Galvani, Volta and Others. Roderick W. Home: Volta's English Connections. Helge Kragh: Confusion and Contro- versy: Nineteenth-Century Theories of the Voltaic Pile.

Fabio Bevilacqua; Lucio Fregonese (Editors). Nuova Voltiana: Studies on Volta and His Times. Volume 2. (Collana di Storia della Scienza.) [vi] + 113 pp., illus., figs. Di Pavia: Universita De- gli Studi; Milano: Editore Ulrico Hoepli, 2000. L30,000, '15.49 (paper).

Ferdinando Abbri: Volta's Chemical Theories: The First Two Phases. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent: Pneumatic Chemistry Viewed from Pavia. Raffaella Seligardi: Volta and the Synthesis of Water: Some Reasons for a Missed Discovery. Marco Beretta: Pneumatics vs. "Aerial Medicine": Salubrity and Res- pirability of Air at the End of the Eighteenth Century. Frederic L. Holmes: Phlogiston in the Air.

H. James Birx; Eduard I. Kolchinsky (Edi- tors). Science and Society. (Based on papers pre- sented at "Science and Society," St. Petersburg Branch, Institute of the History of Natural Sci- ences and Technology, Russian Academy of Sci- ences, 21-25 June, 1999, St. Petersburg.) 274 pp. St. Petersburg: [n.p.], 2000.

J. H. Birx: Introduction. E. I. Kolchinsky: Introduc- tion. E. I. Kolchinsky: The Complexities of Ethical Choice under Totalitarian Power: V. I. Vernadsky Case. B. Cooke: Can We Trust The Populariser? A Case Study of Joseph McCabe's Vision of Science. E. Ju. Basargina: The Ethics of Relations between a Chief and a Employee (the Experience of Russian Ar- chaeological Institute at Konstantinopol. N. Bacrac: Utilitarianism-a Humanist View. T. Delaney: De- ception in American and Russian Governmental Stud- ies. E. F. Karavaev: A Fundamental Difficulty of Moral Decisions Concerning Science. D. Lecourt: La science dans la culture fran,aise. T. J. Madigan: In Defense of Frankenstein: Humanism and Human Mal- leability. S. Yu. Trokhatchev: Ethics in Medical Re- search: Lessons of Antiquity. D. E. Lubomirov: Crisis of Rationalistic Paradigm in the System of Education in Post-Soviet Russia. B. Cooke: Prometheus versus Narcissus: The Next Phase of the Conflict. T. Delaney: Dysfunctional Aspects of Religion. P. Derkx: Science and Religion: a Historical View from the Netherlands. B. Forrest: Methodological Naturalism and Philo- sophical Naturalism: Clarifying the Connection. T. J. Madigan: The Basis of Morality: Scientific vs. Reli- gious Explanations. R. L. Mole: "Follow Me Joy- fully": The Humanism of Alexander von Humboldt.

J. A. Xanthopoulos: Understanding Global Funda- mentalism. J. A. Xanthopoulos: The Changed Nature of Global Security. H. J. Birx: Darwin's Voyage To Evolution. Y. M. Gall and M. B. Konashev: Julian Huxley and Theodosius Dobzhansky: Two Versions of Evolutionary Humanism. N. Bacrac: The Role of Con- sciousness in Evolution. T. Delany: Humanistic Issues in Genetic Engineering, Fertility and Cloning. P. Derkx: Evolutionary Humanism: Possibilities and Limitations of a Scientific Meaning Frame. B. Forrest: The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution. E. Molina: Evolution and "Scientific" Creationism in the Earth Science: Geological and Paleontological Argu- ments. H. J. Birx: Nietzsche, Evolution & Creativity. B. V. Markov: Nietzsche's Critics of Moral.

L. J. Borkin; E. I. Kolchinsky (Editors). Russian-German Links in Biology and Medicine: 300-Year Experience of Interactions. 204 pp., ta- bles. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Association of Scientists and Scholars, 2000.

E. I. Kolchinsky: Greetings. L. J. Borkin: Russians in Germany, Germans in Russia (instead of preface). E. I. Kolchinsky: Russian-German links in biology: the perspective in research. K. Bohme: Berlin-Stet- tin-St. Petersburg. The Gesellschaft Naturforschen- der Freunde zu Berlin and its contacts with scientists of St. Petersburg in the late 18. century. A. Geus: Rus- sian students in the Philipps University of Marburg during the second half of the 19. century. M. B. Kon- ashev: J. A. Filipchenko and genetic studies abroad. U. HoBfeld: Morphology after Ernst Haeckel: the phy- lembryogenesis of A. N. Sewertzow (1931) and the biological progress of V. Franz (1953). T. Junker: The synthetic theory of evolution in Germany: an example of successful Russian-German cooperation. L. J. Bor- kin: The role of Germans in formation and develop- ment of herpetology in Russia. A. K. Sytin: German tradition in the study of Russian Flora. T. K. Lassan, N. N. Luneva and I. G. Chukhina: The Herbarium of cultivated plants of the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant growing from R. E. Regel to present days. E. Hoxter- mann: Vladislav A. Robert (1863-1916) and the be- ginning of the hormone concept in botany. Yu. A. Vin- ogradov: German biologists, members of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and the World War I. Yu. P. Golikov and 0. V. Tselyaritskaya: I. P. Pavlov and German scientists. P. G. Nazarov and T. V. An- dryushkevish: German roots of the A. Vladimitov and 0. Hartoch school in microbiology. A. Ya. Vinnin- kov: Ups and downs of academic recognition: Ya. A. Vinnikov and L. K. Titova, members of Leopoldina German Academy of Naturalists. T. I. Grekova: Ger- man medical institutions in St. Petersburg. L. V. Ko- chorova: The role of German specialist in the estab- lishment of mental patients care in St. Petersburg. M. A. Akimenko, A. M. Shereshevsky, and V. A. Mikhailov: Psychoneurological Institute and its role in research contacts with German scientists. L. J. Bor- kin: Who is Iwan? (an amusing story from the history of herpetology). Annex: The Program of the Interna-

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BOOK REVIEWS-ISIS, 92: 1 (2001) 251

tional Conference Russian-German Links in Biology and Medicine: 300-year Experience of Interactions.

Robert Bud; Philip Gummett (Editors). Cold War, Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's Defense Laboratories' 1945-1990. (Studies in the History of Science, Technology, and Medi- cine; yearbook 7.) Foreword by Sir Hermann Bondi. xx + 426 pp., illus., tables, index. Read- ing, Berkshire: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000. ?68.

Robert Bud and Philip Gummett: Introduction: Don't You Know There's a War On? Andrew Na- hum: The Royal Aircraft Establishment from 1945 to Concorde. Matthew Uttley: Rotary-Wing Aircraft. Stephen Twigge: Ground-Based Air Defense and ABM Systems. Richard Ogorkiewicz: Armoured Fighting Vehicles. Tom Wright: Aircraft Carriers and Submarines; Naval R&D in Britain in the Mid-Cold War. Ernest Putley: Thermal Radiation and its Ap- plications. Jon Agar and Jeff Hughes: Open Systems in a Closed World: Ground and Airborne Radar in the UK, 1945-90. Eric Grove: Naval Command and Con- trol Equipment: The Birth of the Late Twentieth Cen- tury 'Revolution in Military Affairs'. Richard Mills: Laser Research and Development, 1960-80. Gradon Carter and Brian Balmer: Chemical and Biological Warfare and Defense, 1945-90. John Ernsting: De- fense Physiology. Graham Spinardi: Civil Spinoff from the Defence Research Establishments. Stephen Robinson: Government Management of Defense Re- search since the Second World War.

Karine Chemla; Donald Harper; Marc Kali- nowski (Editors). Divination et rationalite en Chine ancienne. (Special issue of Extreme- Orient, Extreme-Occident, 21.) 171 pp., illus., app. Saint-Dennis: Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, 1999. Fr 90 (paper).

Karine Cheemla and Marc Kalinowski: Pr6senta- tion: divination et rationalit6 en Chine ancienne. Re- douane Djamouri: Ecriture et divination sous les Shang. Marc Kalinowski: La rh6torique oraculaire dans les chroniques anciennes de la Chine. Une 6tude des discours pr6dictifs dans le Zuozhuan. Jean Levi: Pratiques divinatoires, conjectures et critique raional- iste a l'6poques des Royaumes Combattants. John Henderson: Divination and Confucian Exegesis. Don- ald Harper: Physicians and Diviners: The Relation of Divination to the Medicine of the Huangdi neijing (In- ner canon of the Yellow Thearch). Marc Csikszent- mihalyi: Severity and lenience: Divination and law in early imperial China. Jer6me Borgon: Le r6le des sch6mas divinatoires dans la codification du droit chi- nois: A propos du Commentaire du code des Jin par Zhang Fei. Jean-Jacques Glassner: Questions me- sopotamiennes sur la divination. Geoffrey Lloyd: Divination: traditions and controversies, Chinese and Greek.

Michael T. Ghiselin; Alan E. Leviton (Edi- tors). Cultures and Institutions of Natural His- tory: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science. (Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 25.) [iv] + 363 pp., illus., figs., tables, index. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, 2000. $40. Michael T. Ghiselin and Alan E. Leviton: Introduc- tion. Ezio Vaccari: The Museum and the Academy: Geology and Paleontology in the Academia dei Fisi- ocritici of Siena During the 18th Century. Agnese Vis- conti: Considerations of Certain Pecularities in Sci- entific Institutions in Central Europe in the Eighteenth Century. Michael T. Ghiselin: The Founders of Mor- phology as Alchemists: Alan E. Leviton and Michele L. Aldrich: India: A Case Study of Natural History in a Colonial Setting. Maria Margaret Lopes: The Mu- seums and the Construction of Natural Sciences in Brazil in the 19th Century. Pamela M. Henson: Spen- cer Baird's Dream: A U.S. National Museum. Ellis L. Yochelson: Paleontology in Washington DC: A Brief History of Institutional Change or the Waxing and Waning of Two Disparate Organizations. Kae Tak- arabe: Samurai at the Smithsonian: First Japanese Visitors to a Western-Style Museum in the U.S. Mich- ele L. Aldrich and Alan E. Leviton: West & East: The California Academy of Sciences and the Smith- sonian Institution. Barbara Ertter: People, Plants, and Politics: The Development of Institution-Based Botany in California, 1853-1906. Mary Pickard Winsor: Agassiz's Notions of a Museum: The Vision and the Myth. Michael T. Ghiselin and Christiane Groeben: A Bioeconomic Perspective on the Orga- nization of the Maples Marine Station. Daniel Bec- quemont: The Institutions of Natural History versus Herbert Spencer, 1890-1895. Leo F. LaPorte: The Awkward Embrace. William Z. Lidicker, Jr.: An Es- say on the History of the Biosystematists of the San Francisco Bay Area. Giovanni Pinna: Scientific Re- search versus Public Exhibits: A Schizophrenic Aspect of Natural History. Giovanni Pinna: A Philosophy for Natural History Museums. Alessandro Minelli: The Ranks and the Names of Species and Higher Taxa, or a Dangerous Inertia of the Language of Natural His- tory.

Fernand Hallyn (Editor). Metaphor and Anal- ogy in the Sciences. (Origins: Studies in the Sources of Scientific Creativity, 1.) viii + 244 pp., figs. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Ac- ademic Publishers, 2000. $96, ?60, NLG 195. Rom Harre, J. L. Aronson & Eileen C. Way: Ap- paratus as Models of Nature. Joke Meheus: Analog- ical Reasoning in Creative Problem Solving Process: Logico-Philosophical Perspectives. Peter Mac- Hamer: The Nature of Metaphor and Scientific De- scription: Fernand Hallyn: Atoms and Letters: Ger- ard Simon: Analogies and Metaphors in Kepler. William Shea: Looking at the Moon as another Earth. Terrestial Analogies and Seventeenth-Century Tele- scopes. Jean Paul Van Bendegem: Analogy and Metaphor as Essential Tools for the Working Mathe-

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252 BOOK REVIEWS-ISIS, 92: 1 (2001)

matician. Rafael E. Niiiiez: Conceptual Metaphor and the Embodied Mind: What Makes Mathematics Pos- sible? Arthur I. Miller: Metaphor and Scientific Cre- ativity. Gustaaf C. Cornelis: Analogical Reasoning in Modern Cosmological Thinking: Daniela M. Bailer- Jones: Scientific Models as Metaphors: Sabine Maa- sen: Metaphors in the Social Sciences: Making Use and Making Sense of Them.

Eric Higgs; Andrew Light; David Strong (Ed- itors). Technology and the Good Life? xii + 392 pp., index. Chicago/London: University of Chi- cago Press, 2000. $65, ?41 (cloth); $25, ?16 (pa- per).

David Strong and Eric Higgs: Borgmann's Philoso- phy of Technology. Paul T. Durbin: Philosophy of Technology: Retrospective and Prospective Views. Lawrence Haworth: Focal Things and Focal Prac- tices. Gordon G. Brittan Jr.: Technology and Nos- talgia. Larry Hickman: Focaltechnics, pragmatech- nics, and the reform of Technology. Andrew Light: Borgmann's Unzeitgemasse Betrachtungen: On the Prepolitical Conditions of a Politics of Place. Carl Mitcham: On Character and Technology. Phillip R. Fandozzi: The Moving Image: Between Devices and Things. Paul B. Thompson: Farming as Focal Prac- tice. Jesse S. Tatum: Design and the Reform of Tech- nology: Venturing Out into the Open. Eric Higgs: Na- ture by Design. Diane P. Michelfelder: Technology Ethics in a Different Voice. Douglas Kellner: Cross- ing the Postmodern Divide with Borgmann, or Adven- tures in Cyberspace. Mora Campbell: Technology and Temporal Ambiguity. Thomas Michael Power: Trapped in Consumption: Modern Social Structure and the Entrenchment of the Device. Andrew Feenberg: From Essentialism to Constructivism: Philosophy of Technology at the Crossroads. David Strong: Philos- ophy in the Service of Things. Albert Borgmann: Re- ply to My Critics.

Nicole Hulin (Editor). Physique et humanites scientifique: Autour de la reforme de 1'enseigne- ment de 1902: Etudes et documents. 330 pp., ta- ble, bibl., index. Villeneuve D'Asco: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2000. Fr 170, C25.92.

Nicole Hulin: La conception de 1'enseignement de la physique dans la r6forme de 1902. Benedicte Bilo- deau and Nicole Hulin: La physique au lyc6e au tour- nant du siecle: des analyses critiques a la r6forme et son application. Christine Blondel: L'impact de la r6- forme de 1902 sur l'enseignement th6orique et exper- imental de 1'6lectricit6. Danielle Faque: De l'instauration des exercices pratiques a l'6valuation des savoir-faire exp6rimentaux. Robert Locqueneux: Les th6ories physiques aux environs de 1900: bilans et per- spectives. Michel Blay: La m6thode inductive: ana- lyse critique des recommandations de 1904 (authour de la conference de Lucien Poincar6).

Doris Kaufmann (Editor). Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozial- ismus: Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven der Forschung. 2 volumes. 767 pp., figs., tables, in- dex. Gottingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2000. DM 80, OS 584.

Doris Kaufmann: Einleitung. Jonathan Harwood: The Rise of the Party-Political Professor? Changing Self-understandings among German Academics, 1890- 1933. Margit Szollosi-Janze: Der Wissenschaftler als Experte. Kooperationsverhaltnisse von Staat, Militar, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft, 1914-1933. Jefferey Herf: Reactionary Modernism and After: Modernity and Nazi Germany Reconsidered. Susanne Heim: Vordenker der Vernichtung. Wissenschaftliche Exper- ten als Berater der nationalsozialistischen Politik. Matthias M. Weber: Rassenhygienische und genetis- che Forschungen an der Deutschen Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut in Muinchen vor und nach 1933. Volker Roelcke: Psychiatrische Wissenschaft im Kontext nationalsozialistischer Poli- tik und Euthanasie Zur Rolle von Ernst Riidin und der Deutschen Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie/Kaiser- Wilhelm-Institut. Jurgen Peiffer: Neuropathologische Forschung an Euthanasie_Opfem in zwei Kaiser- Wilhelm-Instituten. Robert N. Proctor: Keine Sklaven Des Nikotins: Tobacco Research and Tobacco Policy in the Third Reich. Benno Muller-Hill: Das Blut von Auschwitz und das Schweigen der Gelehrten. Ute Deichmann: Kriegsbezogene biologishe, bio- chemische und chemische Forschung an den Kaiser- Wilhelm-Instituten fur Zuichtungsforschung, fur Phy- sikalische Chemie und elektrochemie und fur Medizinische Forschung. Moritz Epple/Volker Rem- mert: Eine ungeahnte Synthese zwischen reiner und angewandter Mathematik. Kriegsrelevante mathema- tische Forschung in Deutschland wahrend des II. Welt- krieges. Michael Eckert: Theoretische Physiker in Kriegsprojekten. Zur Problematik einer internationa- len vergleichenden Analyse. Mark Walker: A Com- parative History of Nuclear Weapons. Helmuth Tris- chler: Big Science or Small Science? Die Luftfahrtforschung im Nationalsozialismus. Wilhelm Deist: Ruistungsforschung und Wehrmacht. Ein Kom- mentar. Manfred Rasch: Forschung zwischen Staat und Industrie. Uberlegungen zu einer Forschungsges- chichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Dritten Reich. Raymond Stokes: Privileged Applications: Re- search and Development at I. G. Farben during the National Socialist Period. Paul Erker: Die Rolle der Forschung bei der Ersatzstoff-Produktion. Das Beis- piel Continental AG/Reifenindustrie. Ingo Haar: Ost- forschung und Lebensraum-Politik im Nationalsozial- ismus. Michael Fahlbusch: Fur Volk, Fuihrer und Reich! Die Volksdeutschen Forschungsgemeinschaf- ten und Volkstumspolitik, 1931-1945. Ingo Hueck: Die deutsche Volkeffechtswissenschaft im National- sozialismus. Das Berliner Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur auslandisches offentliches Recht und V6lkerrecht, das Hamburger Institut fur Auswartige Politik und das Kieler Institut fur Internationales Recht. Karen Schonwalder: Heinrich von Srbik. Gesamtdeutscher

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BOOK REVIEWS-ISIS, 92: 1 (2001) 253

Historiker und Vertrauensmann des nationalsozialis- tischen Deutschland. Hartmut Lehmann: Geschichts- und kulturwissenschaftliche Spezialforschung im Spannungsfeld van nationalsozialistischer Ideologie und nationalsozialistischer Eroberungspolitik. Ein Kommentar. Michael Grutter: Wissenschaftspolitik im Nationsozialismus. Kristie Macrakis: Surviving the Swasitka Revisited: The Kaiser-Wilhelm- Gesellschaft and Science Policy in Nazi Germany. Notker Hammerstein: Die Geschichte der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft im Nationalsozialismus. Mitchell Ash: Emigration und Wissenschaftswandel als Folgen der nationalsozialistischen Wissenschafts- politik. Paul Weindling: Tales from Nuremberg: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology and Allied Medical War Crimes Policy. Hans-Peter Kroner: Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten fur Anthropologie, men- schliche Erblehre und Eugenik und die Humangenetik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Hans-Jorg Rheinberger: Virusforschung an den Kaiser- Wilhelm-Instituten fuir Biochemie und fuir Biologie. Burghard Weiss: GroB, teuer und gefahrlich? Kern- physikalische Forschungstechnologien an Instituten der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft vor, wahrend und nach Ende des Dritten Reiches. Cathryn Carson: Old Programs, New Politics? Nuclear reactor studies after 1945 in the Max-Planck-Institutfiir Physik.

E. I. Kolchinksy; M. B. Konashev (Editors). On the Edge: Soviet Science at the First Half of the Twentieth Century. volume 2. 260 pp. St. Petersburg 1999 (articles in Russia).

Roger D. Launius; John M. Logsdon; Robert W. Smith (Editors). Reconsidering Sputnik: Forty Years since the Soviet Satellite. (Studies in the History of Science, Technology, and Med- icine, 7.) xx + 442 pp., figs., table, index. Am- sterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000. $58, ?38, f61.

Roger D. Launius: Space Flight in the Soviet Union. Peter A. Gorin: Rising from a Cradle: Soviet Public Perceptions of Space Flight before Sputnik. Asif A Siddiqi: Korolev, Sputnik, and the International Geo- physical Year. James J. Harford: Korolev's Triple Play: Sputniks 1, 2, and 3. William P. Barry: Sputnik and the Creation of the Soviet Space Industry. Robert W. Smith: A Setting for the International Geophysical Year. Rip Bulkeley: The Sputnik and the IGY. Dwayne A. Day: Cover Stories and Hidden Agendas: Early American Space and National Security Policy. Kenneth A. Osgood: Before Sputnik: National Secu- rity and the Formation of U.S. Outer Space Policy. Michael J. Neufeld: Orbiter, Overflight, and the First Satellite: New Light on the Vanguard Decision. John M. Logsdon: Ramifications and Reactions. Sergey Khrushchev: The First Earth Satellite: A Retrospec- tive View from the Future. John Krige: Building a Third Space Power: Western European Reactions to Sputnik at the Dawn of the Space Age. Eilene Gal- loway: Organizing the U. S. Government for Outer Space, 1957-1958. John A. Douglass: A Certain Fu-

ture: Sputnik, American Higher Education, and the Survival of a Nation. Gretchen J. Van Dyke: Sputnik: A Political Symbol & Tool in 1960 Campaign Politics. Glenn P. Hastedt: Epilogue: Sputnik and Technolog- ical Surprise.

Robert I. Rotberg (Editor). Health and Disease in Human History: A Journal of Interdisciplinary History Reader. [iv] + 345 pp., figs., tables. Cambridge, Mass./London: MIT Press, 2000. $25 (paper).

Robert I. Rotberg: Morbidity and Mortality in Hu- man History: The Struggle to Survive. Andrew B. Ap- pleby: Nutrition and Disease: The Case of London, 1550-1750. Anne Hardy: Diagnosis, Death, and Diet: The Case of London, 1750-1909. Robert Woods and P. R. Andrew Hinde: Mortality in Victorian England: Models and Patterns. James C. Riley: Height, Nutri- tion, and Mortality Risk Reconsidered. Massimo Livi- Bacci: Fertility, Nutrition, and Pellagra: Italy during the Vital Revolution. Susan B. Hanley: Urban Sani- tation in Preindustrial Japan. Robert McCaa: Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Ca- tastrophe in Mexico. Dauril Alden and Joseph C. Miller: Out of Africa: The Slave Trade and the Trans- mission of Smallpox to Brazil, 1560-1831. Kenneth F. and Virginia H. Kiple: Deficiency Disease in the Caribbean. Daniel Blake Smith: Mortality and Family in the Colonial Chesapeake. David Northrup: African Mortality in the Suppression of the Slave Trade: The Case of the Bight of Biafra. Myron P. Gutmann and Kenneth H. Fliess: The Social Context of Child Mor- tality in the American Southwest. Irene W. D. Hecht: Kinship and Migration: The Making of an Oregon Iso- late Community.

Reinhard E. Schielicke; Klaus-Dieter Herbst; Stefan Kratochwil (Editors). Erhard Weigel- 1625 bis 1699: Barocker Erzvater der deutschen Friuhaufkldrung. (Beitrage des Koloquims ankIBlich seines 300. Todestages am 20. Marz 1999 in Jena.) 172 pp., illus., figs., tables, bibls., index. Frankfurt: Verlag Harri Deutsch, 1999. DM 28. Vorwort. Teilnehmer am Kolloqium. Johann Dor- schner: Erhard Weigel in seiner Zeit. Leonhard Friedrich: Padagogische Perspektiven zwischen Bar- ock und Aufklarung. Die Padagogik Erhard Weigels. Detlef Doring: Erhard Weigels Zeit an der Universitat Leipzig (1647 bis 1653). Stefan Kratochwil: Die Ber- ufung Erhard Weigels an die Universitat Jena. Klaus- Dieter Herbst: Die Beziehung zwischen Erhard Wei- gel und Gottfried Kirch. Elvira Pfitzner: Erhard Weigel und Geog Samuel Dorffel. Jurgen Hamel: Er- hard Weigel und die Kalenderreeform des Jahres 1700. Werner Pfau: Astrometrie-vom Diopter zm MeBsatelliten. Personenverzeichnis.

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