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Collections II: Entomology
Diet and Feeding
Three basic types of diets:
saprophytic phytophagouscarnivorous
Saprophytic
recycle nutrientsTypes of food sources:
Plant remains Animal corpses Animal feces
Maggots feeding on animal remains
Dung beetles recycle animal feces
Saprophytic examples:
Phytophagous
consume plants (3 main types): Polyphagous: (eg grasshoppers) consume
many species of plants Oligophagous: (eg wander butterfly larvae)
consume a few species of related plants Monophagous: (eg citrus butterfly, white cedar
moth) consume a single species of plant
Plant-eaters mouthparts:
Chewing - leaves, stems, roots, fruit, wood, flowers, pollen
Piercing/sucking - leaves, roots, stems (either phloem or xylem) or nectar
Sucking or lapping - nectar or sap
Chewing examples:
Sawfly larvae
Leaf blisters
Leaf mines
Piercing/sucking examples:
Lerps – protective outercovering of jumping plant lice
Spittle Bug
Sucking or lapping examples:
Honey Bee Butterfly
Carnivorous
Carnivorous insects (animal tissues): Predators eats insects or animals
speed (e.g. robber fly, dragonfly) trap (antlion larva) use of modified appendages (e.g. raptorial legs of mantid,
extendable labium of dragonfly nymph). Parasites live off a host but do not kill it.
Ectoparasites live externally on the host; Endoparasites live inside the host.
Parasitoids kill the host.
Predator examples:
An Ant lion Pit
Praying mantis with prey
Parasite example:
Mosquito about to feed on blood
Parasitoid example:
A tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) parasitised by braconid wasp larvae