Date post: | 01-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | shauna-hubbard |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
A. Biological BasesB. Theories of MotivationC. Hunger, Thirst, Sex, and Pain
D. Social MotivesE. Theories of EmotionF. Stress
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 2
Evolutionary View Sources of Motivation: Biological factors Emotional factors Cognitive factors Social factors
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 3
Instinct Theory◦Evolutionary Approach◦Behavioral Predispositions
Drive Reduction Theory (Homeostasis)
Arousal TheoryIncentive Theory
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 4
Role of Hypothalamus (Stimulation and lesioning studies)◦Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) Lateral = Side
◦Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) Ventro = Beneath, Medial = Center
◦Duality of Hypothalamic Functions (Hunger / Satiety)
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 7
Electrical Stimulation
Lesioning (Destruction)
Lateral Hypothalamus
“On switch”Ventromedial Hypothalamus
“Off switch”
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 9
Electrical Stimulation
Lesioning (Destruction)
Lateral Hypothalamus
“On switch”
Rat eats
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
“Off switch”
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 10
Electrical Stimulation
Lesioning (Destruction)
Lateral Hypothalamus
“On switch”Ventromedial Hypothalamus
“Off switch”
Rat stops eating
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 11
Electrical Stimulation
Lesioning (Destruction)
Lateral Hypothalamus
“On switch”
Rat doesn’t eat
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
“Off switch”
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 12
Electrical Stimulation
Lesioning (Destruction)
Lateral Hypothalamus
“On switch”Ventromedial Hypothalamus
“Off switch”
Rat doesn’t stop eating
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 13
Electrical Stimulation
Lesioning (Destruction)
Lateral Hypothalamus
“On switch”
Rat eats
Triggers “on” switch
Rat doesn’t eat
Removes “on” switch
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
“Off switch”
Rat stops eating
Triggers “off” switch
Rat doesn’t stop eating
Removes “off” switch
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 14
Signals from the Blood ◦ Glucose Regulation - Glucostatic Theory (Glucostats)
Hormonal Regulation◦ Insulin (Hunger)◦ Cholecystokinin (CKK) (Satiety)
Set Point Genetic Predispositions (Fat cells, Obese
Gene?) Dopamine deprived lacks the motivation to
seek food but enjoys food when it is available Drugs that elevate serotonin levels are
powerful appetite suppressants
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 15
External CuesSocial factorsCultural factorsEating Disorders◦Obesity◦Anorexia Nervosa◦Bulimia Nervosa
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 16
Sexual Response CycleSex hormonesSocial and Cultural Factors in Sexuality
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 17
Term Definition
Gender
Gender Identity
Gender Roles
Sexual Orientation
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 18
Achievement Motivation (McClelland)◦Fear of Failure◦(Fear of Success – Horner)
Maslow’s Hierarchy Need to Belong (Fromm) Industrial Organizational Psychology
◦Intrinsic / Extrinsic Motivation◦Theory X / Theory Y◦Task / Social Leadership
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 20
Defining Emotions, ◦Naming Emotions, ◦Categorizing Emotions
Components of Emotion ◦Cognitive: Subjective Feelings◦Physiological: Autonomic Arousal◦Behavioral: Nonverbal Expressiveness
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 24
Limbic System (Amygdala)Hemispheric Contributions to Emotion
Role of Autonomic Nervous System
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 26
James-Lange◦Body response then Emotion Facial feedback hypothesis
Cannon-Bard◦Simultaneous Body response/Emotion
Schachter-Singer◦Body response/Cognitive Interpretation Misattribution of arousal Excitation transfer
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 27
Facial Expressions (Ekman) Cross Cultural Differences in Emotional Experience
Evolutionary Basis of Emotion / Fundamental Emotions◦Silvan Tomkins, Carroll Izard, Robert Plutchik
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 29
Nature of StressRole of AppraisalStressorsSources of Stress◦Frustration◦Conflict◦Change◦Pressure
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 30
Social Support, Hardiness, Optimism Health Impairing Behavior
◦Smoking◦Poor Nutrition◦Lack of Exercise◦Alcohol and Drugs◦Unsafe Sex◦Lack of Sleep
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 31
Emotional: ◦Anger, Fear, Sadness
Physical Stress Responses: ◦Fight or Flight◦General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Behavioral: ◦Aggression, Giving Up, Defensive Coping, Constructive Coping, Indulgence
Unit VIII. Motivation and Emotion 33