AgriculturalExperiment Station
Technical Report
College of Agricultural Sciences Department of Soil & Crop Sciences Extension
Making Better Decisions
2019 Colorado Corn
Variety Performance
Trials
TR 19-5
2
Table of ContentsTable of Contents.......................................................................................................................................2Authors.......................................................................................................................................................3Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................................32019 Colorado Corn Hybrid Performance Trials..................................................................................42019 Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Holyoke.................................................................62019 Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Yuma....................................................................72019 Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Wiggins.................................................................82019 Dryland Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Akron.....................................................................92019 Dryland Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Dailey...................................................................10Bacterial Leaf Streak of Corn.................................................................................................................11The Handy Bt Trait Table.......................................................................................................................14
For the fastest access to up-to-date variety information and results visit us at: www.csucrops.com
Research conducted by Colorado State University Crops Testing ProgramDepartment of Soil and Crop SciencesColorado State University ExtensionColorado Agricultural Experiment Station
Disclaimer
**Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute endorsement by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.**
Colorado State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution and complies with all Federal and Colorado State laws, regulations, and executive orders regarding affirmative action requirements in all programs. The Office of Equal Opportunity is located in 101 Student Services. In order to assist Colorado State University in meeting its affirmative action responsibilities, ethnic minorities, women, and other protected class members are encouraged to apply and to so identify themselves.
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Authors
AcknowledgmentsThe authors express their gratitude to the Colorado farmers and research stations who voluntarily and generously contributed the use of their land, equipment, and time to help CSU with the 2019 corn hybrid performance trials. We are thankful to the collaborating farmers, Tim Stahlecker at Burlington (Stratton), Mark and Neil Lambert at Dailey, Brent Adler at Holyoke, Cooksey Farms at Wiggins, and Joe Newton at Yuma. We thank Kevin Tanabe and Michael Bartolo at the Arkansas Valley Research Center for conducting the Rocky Ford trial. We also thank Merle Vigil and the Central Great Plains USDA-ARS station for hosting the Akron trial. The trials would not be possible without research support provided by the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station.
Dr. Jerry Johnson - Professor and Extension Specialist - Crop Production, CSU Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: 970-491-1454, Cell: 970-690-9259, E-mail: jerry.johnson@ colostate.edu.
Sally Jones-Diamond - Research Agronomist - Crops Testing, CSU Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: 970-214-4611, E-mail: [email protected].
Ed Asfeld - Research Associate - Crops Testing, CSU Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: 970-554-0980, E-mail: [email protected].
Dr. Kirk Broders - Formerly, Assistant Professor - Plant Pathology, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management.
Dr. Tessa Albrecht -Research Associate - Plant Diagnostic Clinic, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Phone: 970-491-1594, E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Mike Bartolo - Superintendent and Research Scientist, CSU Arkansas Valley Research Center, Phone: 719-254-6312, E-mail: [email protected].
Kevin Tanabe - Research Associate, CSU Arkansas Valley Research Center, Phone: 719-254- 6312, E-mail: [email protected].
Dr. Merle Vigil - Director and Research Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station, Phone: 970-345-0517, E-mail: [email protected].
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2019 Colorado Corn Hybrid Performance TrialsJerry Johnson and Sally Jones-Diamond
Colorado State University conducts hybrid corn performance trials to provide research-based, unbiased and reliable information to Colorado corn producers so they can select the best hybrids for their farms. The corn trials are made possible by funding received from company entry fees and the CSU Agricultural Experiment Station.
As of November 1, 2019, with 66% of the grain crop harvested, Colorado’s production is forecast to be 176.4 million bushels of corn from an anticipated 1.26 million aces to be harvested according to the USDA National Ag. Statistics Service (www.nass.usda.gov). The total value of production was over 575,480 million dollars in 2018 (most recent year available). Figure 1 shows the dryland and irrigated cornacres planted in Colorado from 1998 through 2018. There is a general trend for irrigated acres to decrease and dryland corn acreage to increase. In 2018, dryland acreage was 615,000; and 585,000 acres of irrigated corn were planted. For the first time since 1998 (at least) dryland acres outpaced irrigated acres harvested. Historically the number of irrigated acres are vastly superior to the dryland acreage.
No – till systems and herbicide-resistant corn have played a large part in increasing dryland acreage. Higher corn prices in some years have led to increased corn acreage. The rapid decrease in corn value, drought from 2011- 2014, and stubbornly high prices for corn inputs combined to make corn less desirable and resulted in reduced acres for a few years.
Figure 2 shows the yearly average yield for irrigated and dryland corn in Colorado from 1998 through 2018. There is a steady linear increase in irrigated corn yieldfrom 167 bu/ac in 1998 to 196.6 bu/ac in 2018. Improved genetics leading to more adapted and productive hybrids, and more precise farming practices may account for the increasing general trend in average irrigated yield. The high average yields in
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Figure 2: Irrigated and Dryland Corn Yields in Colorado from 1998- 2018
Figure 1: Irrigated and Dryland Corn Acres Planted in Colorado from 1998- 2018
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2006 and 2010 were most likely due to higher than average growing season heat units (longer growing season).
Dryland corn yields are highly dependent on weather conditions during the growing season. The amount and timing of rainfall received can make- or-break dryland corn yields. This was true in the drought years from 2002 through 2006, and again in 2012 and 2013 when there was not enough rainfall during the growing season and the average dryland corn yield fell below 50 bu/ac. The yield has seen an increase the past few years and was 66.7 bu/ac in 2018.
Colorado State University personnel planted five irrigated and two dryland corn trials in eastern Colorado. Irrigated trial locations were Burlington, Holyoke, Rocky Ford, Wiggins, and Yuma. The dryland trials were located at Akron and Dailey. Sixty-three hybrids with diverse origins, maturities, and value-added traits were tested in our different irrigated and dryland trial locations. Plot sizes were 150 ft2 in the irrigated trials and 300 ft2 in the dryland trials. All trials were replicated four times. All irrigated trials were planted at 34,000 seeds per acre. The dryland trial at Dailey was planted at 17,000 seeds per acre and the dryland trial at Akron was planted at 14,000 seeds per acre. Seed yields for all trial varieties are reported in the tables. Yield adjusted to 15.5% seed moisture content.
Brand More Info (website):
NK Seed http://www.syngenta-us.com/corn/nk
Dyna-Gro Seed https://www.dynagroseed.com/
LG Seeds https://www.lgseeds.com/
Augusta Seed https://augustaseed.com/
Entrants in the 2019 CSU Corn Performance Trials
6
2019 Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Holyoke
Brand HybridInsect and Herbicide Technology Traitsa Yieldb
Relative Maturityc Moisture
Test Weight
Plant Height Population Lodging
bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/ac percentNK Seed NK1082 AV3330, RR2, LL 250.2 110 16.5 60.0 122 31,508 40Augusta Seed A4559 AV3010, RR2, LL 243.4 109 16.9 57.1 113 31,508 3NK Seed NK1205 AV3120, RR2, LL 239.1 112 17.4 59.5 121 33,614 57Augusta Seed A4658 AV3220, RR2, LL 231.7 108 15.8 58.3 117 34,267 63NK Seed NK0821 AV3120, RR2, LL 227.8 108 15.0 59.9 117 34,267 10Pioneer P1370AMXT AMXT, RR2, LL 224.7 113 18.2 58.1 129 34,848 27Augusta Seed A3058 AV3120, RR2 222.4 108 14.8 59.8 122 32,307 13Pioneer P0805AM AM, RR2, LL 221.7 108 17.4 62.0 127 28,096 7Pioneer P0622AML AML, RR2, LL 221.1 106 15.2 60.8 109 30,855 30Augusta Seed A4760 VT2Pro, RR2 220.2 110 15.0 60.5 123 32,525 33Augusta Seed A4959 AV3110, RR2, LL 219.0 109 18.3 60.4 120 32,162 50NK Seed NK0472 AV3110, RR2, LL 217.8 104 16.5 62.0 120 34,049 0Augusta Seed A2856 AV3220, RR2 217.6 106 15.9 59.5 118 34,122 87LG Seeds LG60C33VT2Pro VT2Pro, RR2 209.0 110 16.8 59.9 112 34,340 57Dekalb DKC56-45RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 208.0 106 16.3 60.4 110 28,750 13LG Seeds LG62C35VT2Pro VT2Pro, RR2 207.0 112 16.3 59.5 117 34,412 23Dekalb DKC60-87RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 202.6 110 16.6 61.2 115 32,307 10NK Seed NK0624 AV3220, RR2, LL 202.5 106 16.3 59.3 119 34,412 82NK Seed NK1364 AV3111, RR2, LL 195.0 113 16.4 57.1 123 22,796 7LG Seeds LG59C72VT2Pro VT2Pro, RR2 180.8 109 15.3 59.0 123 32,452 40Average 218.1 109 16.3 59.7 119 32,180 33dLSD (P<0.30) 10.8
Site InformationCollaborator: Brent AdlerPlanting Date: Harvest Date: Fertilizer: N at 240, P at 74, K at 60, S at 30, and Zn at 1.25 lb/acHerbicide:
Insecticide: Prevathon at 17 oz/ac on Aug. 1Soil Type:Trial Coordinates: 40.358, -102.1066
This table may be reproduced only in its entirety.
Julesburg loamy sand
aTechnology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AML=AcreMax Leptra; AMXT=Optimum AcreMax Xtreme; AV3010=Agrisure Viptera 3010; AV3110=Agrisure Viptera 3110; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3120=Agrisure Viptera 3120 EZ Refuge; AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; AV3330=Agrisure Viptera 3330 EZ Refuge; LL=LibertyLink; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.bYields corrected to 15.5% moisture. Hybrid yields in bold are in the top LSD group.cRelative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity. dIf the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.
November 2, 2019April 29, 2019
Durango at 1 qt/ac, Resicore at 2 qt/ac, and atrazine at 1 qt/ac on May 18; Durango at 1 qt/ac, Parallel at 20 oz/ac, Status at 2 oz/ac on June 25
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2019 Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Yuma
Brand HybridInsect and Herbicide Technology Traitsa Yieldb
2-Year Avg. Yield
Relative Maturityc Moisture
Test Weight
Plant Height Population
Bacterial Leaf Streak
bu/ac bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/ac score (1-5)d
Dyna-Gro Seed D51VC67 VT2PRIB, RR2 247.1 - 110 16.6 60.5 109 28,459 3.3Dyna-Gro Seed D52VC15 VT2PRIB, RR2 225.6 - 112 15.5 61.6 110 33,396 2.6Augusta Seed A4559 AV3010, RR2, LL 222.6 - 109 16.0 58.5 111 31,799 3.4Dyna-Gro Seed D54VC14 VT2Pro, RR2 217.2 247.3 114 16.8 62.8 110 32,234 2.6Dekalb DKC54-64RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 213.5 - 104 15.1 61.6 110 32,380 1.8NK Seed NK0624 AV3220, RR2, LL 211.8 - 106 15.9 60.5 106 33,396 2.0LG Seeds LG66C32VT2RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 210.8 258.0 116 17.2 62.2 109 32,525 2.8NK Seed NK1205 AV3120, RR2, LL 203.1 - 112 14.3 60.7 107 34,122 3.3Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS91 STX, RR2, LL 200.2 241.7 112 16.4 61.9 104 33,541 2.4Dyna-Gro Seed D48VC76 VT2PRIB, RR2 199.5 227.3 108 15.1 61.3 108 33,686 3.3NK Seed NK1082 AV3330, RR2, LL 198.7 - 110 14.1 60.6 106 32,670 2.3Dyna-Gro Seed D54SS74 STX, RR2, LL 197.5 - 114 15.9 61.3 109 33,106 2.3Augusta Seed A3058 AV3120, RR2 194.9 - 108 12.9 59.8 106 32,380 2.4Dyna-Gro Seed D53VC33 VT2Pro, RR2 189.5 - 113 15.6 61.1 117 32,815 2.4Augusta Seed A4658 AV3220, RR2, LL 189.4 - 108 14.2 58.2 107 34,122 2.0Pioneer P0805AM AM, RR2, LL 189.3 - 108 15.8 62.6 120 29,911 3.3Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 189.0 239.1 112 16.4 60.4 117 33,251 2.9Dyna-Gro Seed D52VC50 VT2PRIB, RR2 184.5 - 112 14.4 60.9 109 34,122 1.9NK Seed NK0472 AV3110, RR2, LL 184.2 - 104 15.1 62.2 112 32,234 1.8Dyna-Gro Seed D49SS70 STXRIB, RR2, LL 183.4 232.9 109 15.4 62.5 107 34,122 2.3Dyna-Gro Seed D53TC19 TC, RR2 180.6 - 113 13.9 61.8 107 32,525 3.5Augusta Seed A2856 AV3220, RR2 174.6 - 106 14.5 60.2 111 33,832 2.4NK Seed NK0821 AV3120, RR2, LL 173.4 213.4 108 12.9 59.4 105 36,010 1.8Augusta Seed A4959 AV3110, RR2, LL 167.1 - 109 17.3 61.7 112 32,380 2.0NK Seed NK1364 AV3111, RR2, LL 161.5 - 113 13.6 58.2 117 25,120 3.5LG Seeds LG62C35VT2Pro VT2Pro, RR2 153.8 - 112 14.0 60.7 110 32,234 3.3Pioneer P1370AMXT AMXT, RR2, LL 152.3 - 113 16.8 59.8 121 32,815 2.9LG Seeds LG5643VT2RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 151.9 219.3 114 15.5 62.2 111 32,089 1.5Augusta Seed A4760 VT2Pro, RR2 147.4 - 110 13.5 59.9 121 31,218 2.5Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC51 VT2PRIB, RR2 133.7 - 110 15.9 61.8 98 32,670 1.4Dekalb DKC60-87RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 129.4 210.8 110 15.1 61.9 115 33,251 2.5Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC30 VT2PRIB, RR2 125.5 186.5 110 15.5 61.8 119 33,686 2.1Average 184.5 227.6 110 15.2 60.9 111 32,566 2.5eLSD (P<0.30) 20.4
Site InformationCollaborator: Joe NewtonPlanting Date: May 2, 2019Harvest Date: November 7, 2019Fertilizer: N at 270, P at 90, S at 27, and Zn at 0.5 lb/acHerbicide: Durango at 28 oz/ac, Resicore at 2.25 qt/ac, atrazine at 1 lb/acInsecticide: Bifenthrin at 2 oz/acSoil Type: Haxtun loamy sandTrial Coordinates: 40.0967, -102.5378
dBacterial Leaf Streak (Xanthamonas vasicola pv. vasculorum ) Score: 1 equals little disease present (1-20% of leaf area affected) and 5 equals severe disease presence (81-100% of leaf area affected). Most BLS lesions appeared to originate from hail damage.
This table may be reproduced only in its entirety.
aTechnology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AMXT=Optimum AcreMax Xtreme; AV3010=Agrisure Viptera 3010; AV3110=Agrisure Viptera 3110; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3120=Agrisure Viptera 3120 EZ Refuge; AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; AV3330=Agrisure Viptera 3330 EZ Refuge; LL=LibertyLink; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STX=Genuity SmartStax; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; STX=Genuity SmartStax; TC= Genuity Trecepta Technology; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.bYields corrected to 15.5% moisture. Hybrid yields in bold are in the top LSD group.cRelative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity.
eIf the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.
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2019 Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Wiggins
Brand HybridInsect and Herbicide Technology Traitsa Yieldb
Relative Maturityc Moisture
Test Weight
Plant Height Population
bu/ac days percent lb/bu in plants/acLG Seeds LG59C41STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 206.7 109 14.2 61.3 85 34,993Dyna-Gro Seed D53TC19 TC, RR2 202.9 113 16.4 59.3 103 32,670Dyna-Gro Seed D54VC14 VT2Pro, RR2 199.4 114 16.8 60.6 100 29,330LG Seeds LG59C72VT2Pro VT2Pro, RR2 196.8 109 14.3 58.8 103 29,330Dekalb DKC60-67RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 191.1 110 14.8 61.1 96 33,396Dyna-Gro Seed D54SS74 STX, RR2, LL 190.6 114 18.2 58.5 98 33,977Dyna-Gro Seed D53VC33 VT2Pro, RR2 189.5 113 14.1 58.6 101 33,832Dekalb DKC56-45RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 187.3 106 15.2 59.9 98 30,056Dyna-Gro Seed D48VC76 VT2PRIB, RR2 183.8 108 15.4 59.5 99 33,541Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 181.0 112 15.1 58.7 102 33,832Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS91 STX, RR2, LL 180.3 112 17.1 60.7 99 34,703Mycogen MY05U05 RA PCRA, RR2, LL 178.9 105 13.8 59.1 97 34,267NK Seed NK0472 AV3110, RR2, LL 178.6 104 14.9 61.5 98 31,508NK Seed NK1082 AV3330, RR2, LL 178.4 110 14.8 59.4 100 30,056Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC30 VT2PRIB, RR2 178.0 110 14.3 60.5 107 33,396NK Seed NK1205 AV3120, RR2, LL 176.7 112 15.7 58.7 95 33,686LG Seeds LG5525VT2RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 176.3 105 14.2 61.4 95 33,541Mycogen Seeds 2A627 SSRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 175.7 108 14.7 59.6 94 34,558NK Seed NK0624 AV3220, RR2, LL 174.9 106 14.4 59.3 101 34,703Dyna-Gro Seed D51VC67 VT2PRIB, RR2 170.3 110 15.5 58.7 93 31,218Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC51 VT2PRIB, RR2 169.4 110 14.9 72.0 89 30,928Pioneer P0805AM AM, RR2, LL 169.1 108 16.1 59.8 106 29,621NK Seed NK1364 AV3111, RR2, LL 168.7 113 15.3 56.5 99 33,686Dyna-Gro Seed D52VC50 VT2PRIB, RR2 167.9 112 15.2 59.5 97 33,977NK Seed NK0821 AV3120, RR2, LL 166.3 108 14.9 59.3 103 36,155Dyna-Gro Seed D49SS70 STXRIB, RR2, LL 162.7 109 15.1 60.6 99 34,993Dyna-Gro Seed D39VC40 DG/VT2P-RIB 162.0 99 13.3 61.1 90 29,766Dyna-Gro Seed D43VC81 VT2PRIB, RR2 157.8 103 13.2 60.5 98 34,848Pioneer P0622AML AML, RR2, LL 146.2 106 14.2 68.5 95 32,234Dyna-Gro Seed D52VC15 VT2PRIB, RR2 130.9 112 14.7 58.7 94 33,686Average 176.6 109 15.0 60.4 98 32,883dLSD (P<0.30) 13.3
bYields corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Site InformationCollaborator: Cooksey FarmsPlanting Date: May 6, 2019Harvest Date: November 11, 2019Fertilizer: N at 250, P at 50, K at 20, S at 15, B at 1, and Zn at 0.25 lb/acHerbicide:
Soil Type: Truckton coarse sandy loam Trial Coordinates: 39.9931, -104.1095
aTechnology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AML=AcreMax Leptra; AV3110= Agrisure Viptera 3110; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3120=Agrisure Viptera 3120 E-Z Refuge; AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 E-Z Refuge; AV3330=Agrisure Viptera 3330 E-Z Refuge; LL=LibertyLink tolerant; PCRA=PowerCore Trait Technology with Refuge Advanced; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; RR2=Roundup Ready 2 tolerant; TC= Genuity Trecepta Technology; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in the Bag Complete.
cRelative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity. The method of calculation of the relative maturity ratings may vary among companies.dIf the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.
This table may be reproduced only in its entirety.
Pre-plant: 5 oz/ac Balance Flexx, 48 oz/ac Glyphosate, and 1/3 lb/ac AtrazinePost-plant: 26 oz/ac WideMatch, 48 oz/ac Glyphosate, and 1/3 lb/ac Atrazine
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2019 Dryland Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Akron
Brand HybridInsect and Herbicide Technology Traitsa Yieldb
Relative Maturityc Moisture
Test Weight
Ear Height Population
bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/acDekalb DKC51-20RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 98.8 101 16.3 52.7 36 14,520Dyna-Gro Seed D43VC81 VT2PRIB, RR2 96.4 103 18.1 51.4 38 15,101Dyna-Gro Seed D39VC40 VT2PRIB, RR2 91.5 99 17.1 53.0 39 12,923Pioneer P0622AML AML, RR2, LL 88.5 106 19.3 51.2 41 14,810Dekalb DKC45-66RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 84.6 105 15.6 52.8 38 13,504Augusta Seed A2651 GTA, RR2 83.2 101 18.5 51.7 41 14,810Rob-See-Co RC 4343-3220A AV3220A, RR2 81.2 93 19.0 50.8 41 13,867Dyna-Gro Seed D48VC76 VT2PRIB, RR2 79.8 108 23.7 47.7 41 14,810Rob-See-Co RC 4915-3120-EZ1 AV3120, RR2, LL 72.7 99 18.2 48.4 42 13,649Dekalb DKC47-55RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 72.4 107 18.4 52.8 37 14,665Augusta Seed A5658 3000GT, RR2, LL 71.7 108 28.9 46.7 43 14,738Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC30 VT2PRIB, RR2 70.0 110 20.5 50.5 46 15,173Average 82.6 103 19.4 50.8 40 14,381dLSD (P<0.30) 5.8
bYields corrected to 15.5% moisture. Hybrid yields in bold are in the top LSD group.
Site InformationCollaborator: USDA Central Great Plains Research CenterPlanting Date: June 6, 2019Harvest Date: October 26, 2019Fertilizer: Pre-plant: N at 50 and S at 10 lb/ac; Starter: N at 5, P at 18, and Zn at 0.25 lb/acHerbicide:Soil Type: Rago silt loamTrial Coordinates: 40.1564, -103.14
aTechnology trait designations: 3000GT=Agrisure 3000GT; AML=AcreMax Leptra; AV3120=Agrisure 3120 E-Z Refuge; AV3220A=Agrisure Viptera 3220 E-Z Refuge Artesian; GTA=Agrisure Glyphosate Tolerant Artesian; LL=LibertyLink tolerant; RR2=Roundup Ready 2 tolerant; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in the Bag Complete.
cRelative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity. The method of calculation of the relative maturity ratings may vary among companies.dIf the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.
This table may be reproduced only in its entirety.
May 24: Lumax EZ at 1.7 qt/ac, Cornerstone Plus at 1 qt/ac, 2,4-D LV6 at 1 pt/ac
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2019 Dryland Corn Hybrid Performance Trial at Dailey
Brand HybridInsect and Herbicide Technology Traitsa Yieldb
Relative Maturityc Moisture
Test Weight
Ear Height Population
bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/acDyna-Gro Seed D48VC76 VT2PRIB, RR2 128.9 108 17.1 55.3 38 17,206Rob-See-Co RC 4343-3220A-EZ AV3220, RR2, LL 125.1 93 15.4 58.3 43 14,012Dekalb DKC47-55RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 123.9 107 15.2 60.3 36 15,899Mycogen Seeds MY05U05 RA PCRA, RR2, LL 123.2 105 17.6 55.3 38 15,682Dekalb DKC45-66RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 122.5 105 15.0 58.7 35 15,899LG Seeds LG5470VT2ProRIB VT2PRIB, RR2 121.7 98 14.6 58.2 38 15,246Dekalb DKC51-20RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 121.6 101 15.4 57.5 37 17,424Rob-See-Co RC 4915-3120-EZ1 AV3120A, RR2 120.8 99 14.6 55.9 40 13,794Pioneer P0622AML AML, RR2, LL 120.1 106 16.0 57.9 39 14,302Dyna-Gro Seed D39VC40 VT2PRIB, RR2 117.8 99 15.0 60.1 39 13,068Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC30 VT2PRIB, RR2 117.2 110 16.3 56.5 45 15,827Dyna-Gro Seed D43VC81 VT2PRIB, RR2 116.6 103 14.4 58.4 35 16,771Average 121.6 103 15.5 57.7 38 15,428dLSD (P<0.30) 4.9
bYields corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Site InformationCollaborator: Mark and Neal LambertPlanting Date: June 5, 2019Harvest Date: November 5, 2019Fertilizer: Pre-plant: N at 45, P at 27 lb/ac applied as compost. Starter: N at 30, P at 10, and Zn at 0.5 lb/acHerbicide:Soil Type: Haxtun Sandy LoamTrial Coordinates: 40.6617, -102.7407
aTechnology trait designations: AML=AcreMax Leptra; AV3120=Agrisure 3120 E-Z Refuge; AV3220A=Agrisure Viptera 3220 E-Z Refuge Artesian; LL=LibertyLink tolerant; PCRA=PowerCore Trait Technology with Refuge Advanced; RR2=Roundup Ready 2 tolerant; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in the Bag Complete.
cRelative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity. The method of calculation of the relative maturity ratings may vary among companies.dIf the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.
Post-emerge: Roundup PowerMAX and DiFlexx at labeled rates and 1 lb/ac of Atrazine on July 3
This table may be reproduced only in its entirety.
11
Bacterial Leaf Streak of CornDr. Kirk Broders (2017); Updated by Dr. Tessa Albrecht (2019)
The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas vasicola pv vasculorum (Xvv), which causes the disease bacterial leaf streak (BLS), was officially reported on maize in the U.S. in 2016 (Korus et al. 2017). This represents the first report of this disease in North America. The disease was observed in 51 counties in Nebraska as well as 6 counties in eastern Colorado and 16 counties in western Kansas. The disease continued to expand in 2016 reaching epidemic proportion in regions of Colorado, Kansas and Nebraska with several fields reporting disease incidence levels above 90% and disease severity reaching greater than 50% of leaf area infected. The disease was also identified from maize fields in Iowa, Illinois, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas. The 2017 production year again saw significant levels of disease in eastern Colorado, Nebraska and Kansas. Occurrence of BLS has continued in 2018 and 2019.
Growers in southwestern Nebraska first began to notice symptoms of BLS as early as 2014. The disease was observed to be the most severe in semi-arid regions, such as western Nebraska, western Kansas and eastern Colorado, under center- pivot irrigation and in continuous corn production systems. Early symptoms can appear at the V4 growth stage on lower leaves. BLS is characterized by elongated chlorotic lesions expanding into large irregular necrotic regions often surrounded by a yellow halo. As lesions mature, they turn dark brown and occasionally purple in some varieties. BLS symptoms can be confused with symptoms of Grey leaf spot which is a common fungal pathogen of corn. It is important to obtain an accurate diagnosis of these diseases as management strategies differ greatly. Grey leaf spot lesions are typically angular with smooth margins, while BLS lesions are irregularly shaped with wavy margins. One distinguishing feature of BLS is the development of tiny translucent yellow droplets of bacterial ooze that can occur on lesions under favorable conditions. Splashing of this bacterial exudate is how the disease is spread to other parts of the plant and to other plants. When the exudate dries it can appear as a thin whitish film that flakes off of the surface of affected leaves. Also, bacterial streaming from cut leaves with BLS lesions can be sometimes be observed as a diagnostic feature.
Xvv can enter the host plant through natural openings on the surface of the leaves called stomata. However, BLS spread commonly increases following leaf damage caused by heavy rain, wind or hail. Leaf damage provides abundant unrestricted openings for Xvv entry. Once Xvv has entered the leaf tissue it requires regular periods of leaf wetness or high humidity for BLS development and distribution as provided by overhead irrigation. However, BLS can still occur in dryland and ground irrigated corn.
In order to understand how this bacterial pathogen survives through the winter, we investigated survival in infected debris. Based on observations it is likely that Xvv is overwintering in infected corn debris left on the soil surface. In order to determine the amount of inoculum that survives in the residue, members of the Broders lab collected infected leaves as the corn plants were beginning to senesce. These leaves were put into mesh bags and either buried at 10 cm below the surface or left on the soil surface for six months (October – March) and were recovered in April. Cultural and molecular methods were used to detect the presence
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of Xvv in the infected debris. Xvv DNA was quantified from infected tissue, corroborating results from culture methods that the bacteria are able to survive at high enough levels to cause infection in the spring. Of greatest significance is the difference between the amount of Xvv that survives in residue left on the surface versus the amount of Xvv in residue buried below the surface. There was a substantial reduction in the amount of Xvv in residue buried in the soil compared to Xvv in residue left on the soil surface.
There are few effective methods for management of Xanthomonas in the field. Little is known about the effective management of BLS in corn. To date, there is no chemical control commercially available for BLS. While cultural control measures are likely to offer some degree of control of BLS by decreasing the amount of primary inoculum present, further study is required. Data suggests that partial varietal resistance exists, indicating management may be possible through host resistance. Because of the limited amount of information available for BLS control, we must look to related crop species to examine which management methods might be successful for Xvv. For BLS of sorghum which is caused by X. v. pv. holcicola, resistant varieties are the main method of disease control, followed by cultural methods including rotation and weed control (Janse, 2005).
Xvv has been found to host on several weedy grass species commonly found in our production region however, wheat and barley do not host this species of Xanthomonas (Sivits, et.al., 2017). Because Xvv thrives in continuous corn and survives in infected debris, crop rotation is likely a key management strategy for controlling this pathogen. More research is needed to understand long distance movement of the pathogen. Another area of on-going research is the capacity for Xvv to be seed transmitted. Xanthomonas translucens is transmitted by seed in wheat and barley and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli in beans (He and Munkvold, 2013), among several other Xanthomonas sp. Preliminary research into seed transmission of Xvv suggests that the bacteria may be transferred by seed at very low rates (Arias et.al.,2017).
Detection methods for Xvv in corn have improved over the last couple of years. Originally a qRT-PCR assay using predicted Xvv specific primers (Lang et.al., 2017) showed some off-target amplification. Recently a new detection assay using the same method, has been able to detect specific isolates of Xvv shown to cause severe BLS (Stulberg et.al., 2019).
Symptoms of BLS in field corn
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References
Arias, S., Block, C., Mayfield, D., Jackson-Ziems, T., Broders, K., Munkvold, G. (2017) “Occurrence of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum on maize seeds in the United States.” Phytopathology, vol. 107, no. 12, 2017, pp. 112-112.
Janse, J. D. (2005). Phytobacteriology: principles and practice, Cabi.
Korus K, Lang J, Adesmoye AO, et al. (2017) First report of Xanthomonas vasicola causing bacterial leaf streak on corn in the United States. Plant Disease, 101, 1030.
Lang, J. M., et al. (2017) “Detection and Characterization of Xanthomonas Vasicola Pv. Vasculorum (Cobb 1894) Comb. Nov. Causing Bacterial Leaf Streak of Corn in the United States.” Phytopathology, vol. 107, no. 11, pp. 1312–1321., doi:10.1094/phyto-05-17-0168-r.
Sivits S, Hartman T, Jackson-Ziems T. (2017) Bacterial Leaf Streak of Corn. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/bacterial-leaf-streak-corn.
Stulber M., Santillana G., Studholme D., Kasiborski B., et.al. (2019) “Genomics-informed molecular detection of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum strains causing severe bacterial leaf streak of corn.” Phytopathology, doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-18-0453-R.
Irregular lesions of BLS in corn surrounded by significant yellow halo (left). Tiny droplets of bacterial ooze seeping from Xvv infected corn (right).
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The latest version of the table is always posted at https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.htmlFor questions & corrections: Chris DiFonzo, Michigan State Univ., [email protected]: Pat Porter, Texas A&M University (web site host)
The Handy Bt Trait Tablefor U.S. Corn Production
The Handy Bt Trait Table provides a helpful list of trait names (below) and details of trait packages (over) to make iteasier to understand company seed guides, sales materials, and bag tags. This latest version incorporates two newfindings of resistance, and categorizes western & northern corn rootworm separately.
Trade name for trait Event Protein(s) expressed Primary Insect Targets + Herbicide toleranceAgrisure CB/LL Bt11 Cry1Ab + PAT corn borer + glufosinate Agrisure Duracade 5307 eCry3.1Ab rootwormAgrisure GT GA21 EPSPS glyphosateAgrisure RW MIR604 mCry3A rootwormAgrisure Viptera MIR162 Vip3Aa20 broad caterpillar control, except for corn borerEnlist DAS40278 aad-1 2,4-D herbicide detoxificationHerculex I (HXI) or CB TC1507 Cry1Fa2 + PAT corn borer + glufosinateHerculex CRW DAS-59122-7 Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 + PAT rootworm + glufosinate
(None – part of Qrome) DP-4114 Cry1F + Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 + PAT corn borer + rootworm + glufosinateRoundup Ready 2 NK603 EPSPS glyphosateYieldgard Corn Borer MON810 Cry1Ab corn borer Yieldgard Rootworm MON863 Cry3Bb1 rootwormYieldgard VT Pro MON89034 Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 corn borer & several caterpillar speciesYieldgard VT Rootworm MON88017 Cry3Bb1 + EPSPS rootworm + glyphosate
Abbreviations used in the Trait TableBCW black cutwormCEW corn earwormECB European corn borerFAW fall armywormCR corn rootworm (NCR = Northern & WCR = Western)
SB stalk borerSCB sugarcane borerSWCB southwestern corn borerTAW true armywormWBC western bean cutworm
Insect targets
Field corn ‘events’ (transformations of one or more genes) and their Trade Names
Updated May 2019
GT glyphosate tolerantLL Liberty Link - glufosinate-tolerantRR2 Roundup Ready 2, glyphosate-tolerant
Herbicide traits
Breaking News #2: Entomologists at North Dakota State University confirmed northern corn rootworm resistance toCry3Bb1 and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1. Although resistance to multiple traits is well-documented in the Midwest forwestern corn rootworm, this is the first confirmation of field-evolved resistance by the northern corn rootworm.
Breaking News #1: Entomologists at the University of Guelph in Canada confirmedEuropean corn borer (ECB) resistance to Cry1F Bt (the Herculex I trait) in corn. In 2018,ECB populations were collected from multiple locations in the Maritime Provinces ofeastern Canada where unexpected damage was reported. Lab bioassays showed ahigh level of resistance to Cry1F; the registrant of the trait independently confirmedthe results. This is the first case of field-evolved resistance by ECB to Bt corn.
Use of single-trait hybrids likely contributed to the problem. In eastern Canada, hybrids with only one Bt trait(Cry1F) were still being sold & planted, well after an expected phase out in favor of multi-Bt pyramids to allow forreduced 5% refuge. Although the Maritime provinces are far from the major corn production area in the central U.S.,the bioassay results demonstrate that ECB resistance to Bt corn can happen, and that phasing out single-trait hybridsis critical. In short-growing season areas of the U.S. and Canada, seed options tend to be limited, so single-traithybrids may still be available. Using them risks the development of additional resistant insect populations.
Maritimeprovinces
The Handy Bt Trait Table
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Trait packages inalphabetical order(acronym)
Bt protein(s) inthe trait package
Marketed for control of: Resistanceconfirmed to the combination of Bts in package
(check local situation)
Herbicidetrait
Non-BtRefuge %(cornbelt)
BCW
CEW
ECB
FAW
SB
SCB
SWCB
TAW
WBC
CR
GTRR2 LL
AcreMax (AM) Cry1Ab Cry1F x x x x x x FAW WBC x x 5% in bagAcreMax CRW (AMRW) Cry34/35Ab1 x NCR/WCR x x 10% in bagAcreMax1 (AM1) Cry1F Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x ECB FAW SWCB
WBC NCR/WCRx x 10% in bag
20% ECBAcreMax Leptra (AML) Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x x 5% in bagAcreMax TRIsect(AMT)
Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x x 10% in bag
AcreMax Xtra(AMX)
Cry1Ab Cry1FCry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x FAW WBCNCR/WCR
x x 10% in bag
AcreMax Xtreme(AMXT)
Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A Cry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x x 5% in bag
Agrisure 3010 and 3010A Cry1Ab x x x x x 20%Agrisure 3000GT and 3011A Cry1Ab mCry3A x x x x WCR x x 20%Agrisure Viptera 3110 Cry1Ab Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x x 20%Agrisure Viptera 3111 Cry1Ab Vip3A mCry3A x x x x x x x x x x WCR x x 20%Agrisure3120 E-Z Refuge
Cry1Ab Cry1F x x x x x x FAW WBC xSeebagtagfor
code
EZ0NO
EZ1YES
5% in bag
Agrisure3122 EZ Refuge
Cry1Ab Cry1F mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x 5% in bag
Agrisure Viptera3220 E-Z Refuge
Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x 5% in bag
Agrisure Viptera3330 E-Z Refuge
Cry1Ab Vip3ACry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2
x x x x x x x x x x 5% in bag
Agrisure Duracade 5122 E-Z Refuge
Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A eCry3.1Ab
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x 5% in bag
Agrisure Duracade5222 E-Z Refuge
Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A mCry3A eCry3.1Ab
x x x x x x x x x x WCR x 5% in bag
Herculex I (HXI) Cry1F x x x x x x ECB FAW SWCBWBC
x x 20%
Herculex RW (HXRW) Cry34/35Ab1 x NCR/WCR x x 20% Herculex XTRA (HXX) Cry1F Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x ECB FAW SWCB
WBC NCR/WCRx x 20%
Intrasect (YHR) Cry1Ab Cry1F x x x x x x FAW WBC x x 5%
Intrasect TRIsect (CYHR) Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x x 20%
Intrasect Xtra (YXR) Cry1Ab Cry1FCry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x FAW WBCNCR/WCR
x x 20%
Intrasect Xtreme (CYXR) Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A Cry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x x 5%
Leptra (VYHR) Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x x 5%Powercore aPowercore Refuge Advanced b
Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry1F
x x x x x x x CEW WBC x x a 5%b 5% in bag
QROME (Q) Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A Cry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x FAW WBCWCR
x x 5% in bag
SmartStax aSmartstax Refuge Advanced b
SmartStax RIB Complete b
Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry1F Cry3Bb1 Cry34/35Ab1
x x x x x x x x CEW WBCWCR
x x a 5%b 5% in bag
Trecepta aTrecepta RIB Complete b
Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Vip3A
x x x x x x x x x x a 5%b 5% in bag
TRIsect (CHR) Cry1F mCry3A x x x x x x x ECB FAW SWCB WBC WCR
x x 20%
VT Double PRO aVT Double PRO RIB Completeb
Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 x x x x x x CEW x a 5%b 5% in bag
VT Triple PRO cVT Triple PRO RIB Complete d
Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry3Bb1
x x x x x x x CEW NCR/WCR x c 20%d 10% in bag
Yieldgard Corn Borer (YGCB) Cry1Ab x x x x 20%Yieldgard Rootworm (YGRW) Cry3Bb1 x NCR/WCR x 20%Yieldgard VT Triple Cry1Ab Cry3Bb1 x x x x NCR/WCR x 20%
The Handy Bt Trait Table for U.S. Corn Production, updated May 2019
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