College of Foreign Languages of NUAA

The Lesson Plan

Unit 5, Book II

A New English Course

Language Structures

Indirect speech reporting a command / instruction The teacher told the naughty boy to stop disturbing his desk-mate.

Indirect speech reporting advice The dentist advised to me to brush my teeth up and down.

Indirect speech reporting a request My younger brother asked me to put up the photo for him.

Indirect speech reporting a reminder The mother reminded the child several times to go back home immediately

after school Indirect speech reporting a question

Philip wanted to know why a tiny silicon chip can store so much information.

Giggle

v. to laugh with repeated short, spasmodic sounds 吃吃地笑 , 以重复间

歇的、短的声音笑 The girls were giggling in class. 女孩们在课堂上格格地笑。 Stop giggling. 别傻笑了。

n. a short, spasmodic laugh [C] ① 傻笑短而间歇的笑 ; ② 玩笑，趣事： He bursts into ～ s. 他突然咯咯傻笑起来。 The child only did it for a ～ . 孩子做那件事只是开玩笑已。

giggle chuckle laugh snicker titter

Laugh 最常用的词。指由于各种原因而发出的任何笑声 The children are ~ing and jumping. He ~ed his content.

Chuckle 指低沉的、沉思的、男子的、轻声的笑 I could hear him chuckling to himself as he read that funny article.

Giggle 指小孩或姑娘发出的的压抑不住的笑，这种咯咯的笑又是几乎于 傻笑，口语中成为痴笑

The children giggled at the clown’s antics.

Titter 指短促而神经质的笑 The student gave a nervous ～ . 那个学生神经质地一阵窃笑。

Snicker 暗笑，窃笑 It raises in him a ～ of derision. 它引起了他暗暗的嘲笑。

sideways adv. adj. toward one side, from one side

took a step ~ look at sb. ~ a painting lit ~ 侧光照射的一幅画； turn ~ to show the profile 侧转显示出侧影；

a ~glance ~ pressure 侧压 a ~ view 侧视

Sideway n. 小路 , 小巷 , 人行道

Words and Expressions

Get on with one’s work On one’s own

A sweet tooth; a decayed tooth A medicated toothpaste; a fluoride toothpaste; Stiff-bristled toothbrush; soft-bristled toothbrush

To resist decay Brush your teeth up and down / sideways

Dialogue I

Communicating by Pay Phone Call in the United States

Warm-up Questions

How do you usually communicate with each other or with your parents?

Have you ever had the experience of making a pay-phone call?

Do you know how to make a pay-phone call?

Questions

How many dinks of long-distance call are there in the US? What’s the difference between dial-direct and operator-assisted

call? What are they? How many kinds of phone books are there in the States? What are

they? Where can information on long-distance rates be found? Do pay phones in the States have numbers? What advantage does

this have? How does one make a long-distance call by pay phone in the

States? What is a toll-free call? For what purpose do people make such a

call? Compare the telephone service in China with that in the States.

Expressions concerning phone calls

Long-distance call / trunk call; local call Collect call / reverse-charge call; toll-free call IP phone (International Protocol)

Telephone box / kiosk / booth Telephone subscriber, telephone directory / book Area code/ code number

Receiver, mouthpiece, Dictograph, cordless telephone

Central exchange, extension

Wong number. / The number is out of service. Number engaged. / The line is busy. Put through a call, cannot get through Leave a message for sb. Hold on a minute. / Hold the line. The connection is bad. The line is dead.

A dialing tone, an engaged tone

Words and Expressions

It’s (quite) some time since… 好久没…

我们今晚去看电影吧。自打上回到现在，我们已经好久没看电影了。 Why don’t we go to see a film tonight? ~ I last saw one.

打上回起， Richard 已经好久没有体检了。 ~ since Richard had his last physical.

Philip 和 Robbie 已经很久没出去钓鱼了。 ~ since Philip and Robbie took their last fishing trip.

It feels good to do …

一边品着茶，一边嗑着瓜子，一边和朋友说着知心话，这样的感觉真好。 ~ to talk of everything under the sun with friends while cracking sunfl

ower seeds and drinking/having cups of tea.

踢完足球后，由于又是汗又是灰，浑身上下脏透了，人往往感到极为疲劳。但随后冲个澡的感觉真好。 You get exhausted and all dirtied up, what with the sweat and dust, af

ter playing football. But ~ to have a shower afterwards

Vague vagu.er ， vagu.est

Not clearly expressed; inexplicit. 含糊的：没有明确表达的；不明确的 a ～ idea 模糊的思想 ; a ～ answer 含糊的回答

Not thinking or expressing oneself clearly 模糊的：没有思考清楚的或自我表达不清楚的 Xiao Li is so ～ that I can never understand what he‘s trying to say.

小李说话含含糊糊，我怎么也听不明白他想说些什么。

Lacking definite shape, form, or character; indistinct: 不清晰的：没有确定轮廓、形状或特 征的；不清晰的：

saw a ~ outline of a building through the fog. 透过浓雾看到建筑物模糊的轮廓

Indistinctly felt, perceived, understood, or recalled; hazy: 迷惑的：不清楚地感觉、观察、或想到；有 ~ uneasiness. 困惑的不安 些迷惑的

Dialogue II

Asking for Permission and Giving Warnings

Words and Expressions

Hitch v ① 搭便车： They ～ ed across Europe. 他们靠搭便车跨越了欧洲。 ② 套住 , 钩住：～ a rope over the pole 把绳子系在柱子上 ‖ get hitched 结婚

Hike n [C] 远足 , 徒步旅行： go on a ～ 作一次徒步旅行 v ① 作徒步旅行；作远足旅行 ; 步行： a hiking holiday 作远足活动的假日 You have to park your car outside and ~ in. hiker n 徒步旅行者

hitchhike v ［ I ］ (-iked,-iking) 沿途搭乘别人车旅行

Hitch a hike / ride / lift; a hitch-hiker

Reading I

America’s National Parks, Part I

What do you expect to learn from the passage after reading the title?

How many national parks are there in the US? Where are they located? What can visitors expect to see in those national parks? What can

visitors do there? The facilities for the convenience or safety of the visitors. Who are responsible for the maintenance of these national parks?

Questions

What is the purpose of a recreation area and that of a national park?

Whose effort is it that contributes directly to the protection of national pa

rks from the exploitation of business interests?

Why were lumberjacks so angry about park conservation efforts?

What does the “Land of the Free” mean?

What is the Yellowstone National Park most famous for? 黄石公园

Give at least two examples to show that work has been done to keep Ame

rican national parks as natural as possible.

Why are strict rules imposed which prohibit tourists from feeding animal

s with cookies and candies?

Words and Expressions priority

① [U] the state, quality, position or right of being first in position or

earlier in time; 居先，在前，优先权 take ～ of 比…居先 ; give ~ to… ; hold ~ The badly wounded take/receive ~ for medical attention over those only slig

htly hurt. ~ is given to education. You must give this matter ~.

② [C] sth. that needs attention, consideration, service, etc., before

others 优先考虑的事 The arranging of this business agreement is a top ~. You should learn to get ~(es) right. Buying a new car was first on my list of ~(es).

③ [U] the right of a vehicle to go forward while others must wait 车辆的优先 行使权

Fire engines and ambulances have ~ over other traffic.

conservation n. （名词） The act or process of conserving. 保护：保护的行为或过程 Preservation from loss, damage, or neglect: 保存：保存以避免丢失、损坏或疏忽： Valuable manuscripts were saved from deterioration under the program of library cons

ervation. 在图书保存计划的实施中，许多珍贵的手稿从破坏中被抢救出来 The controlled use and systematic protection of natural resources, such as forests, soi

l, and water systems. 保护自然资源：对森林、土壤及水利系统等自然资源的有节制的使用及系统的保护

Conserve, preserve, reserve, protect

Say n.

A turn or chance to speak 发言的次序，发言权 Having had my ~, I sat down. 发完言我就坐下了

The right or power to influence or make a decision: 发言权 ; 影响或做出决定的权利或权力：

市民在政府议会中有发言权。 Citizens have a ~in the councils of government. 我只想在这件事上有些发言权。 All I want is some ~ in the matter.

Devastate v.tr.

To lay waste; destroy. 变成废墟，荒芜；破坏

To overwhelm; confound; stun: 推翻；挫败；打昏：

She was devastated by his rude remarks. 被粗鲁的言论搅昏了头。

Reading II

America’s National Parks, Part II大峡谷

Questions

What sort of people are there to take care of the national parks? What are rangers? What is their job? Why the national parks make few concessions to tourists? What are visitors to the national parks warned of? What is the biggest problem for the conservationists? If you want to camp at Yosemite, what do you have to do before hand?

Yosemite yosemite National Park (National Park Service).files

ranger

A wanderer; a rover. 漫游者；闲荡者

A member of an armed troop employed in patrolling a specific region. 巡逻队队员：被雇佣来在某特定区域巡逻的武装部队的成员 Ranger A member of a group of U.S. soldiers specially trained for making rai

ds either on foot, in ground vehicles, or by airlift. Ranger 突击队员，特别行动队队员：美国特殊训练的在地面，于地面交通工

具或在空中执行特殊袭击任务的士兵 A warden employed to maintain and protect a forest or other natural area. 国有森林员：保护和维持森林等自然地貌的雇佣的看护人 Chiefly British The keeper of a royal forest or park. 【多用于英国】 皇家园林卫队：保护皇家森林和公园的看守者

Learned Learn.edly adv. Learn.edness n.

Possessing or demonstrating profound, often systematic knowledge; erudite. 博学的 , 具有或显示出深奥并通常是系统的知识的；有学问的

A ~ professor; a ~ man

Directed toward scholars: 学术性的： a learned journal. 学术刊物

Acquired by learning or experience: 学得的 , 通过学习或经验而获的：

learned behavior; a learned response. 学来的行为；学来的反应

learned ， erudite ， scholarly

The central meaning shared by these adjectives is “having or showing profound knowledge”:

这些形容词所共有的中心意思是“具有或显示出深奥的知识”： a learned jurist; 有学识的法官； an erudite professor; 博学的教授； a scholarly treatise. 学术专著

precipice

An overhanging or extremely steep mass of rock, such as a crag or the face of a cliff.

悬崖：悬崖或极其陡峭的岩石，如岩崖或悬崖壁 The brink of a dangerous or disastrous situation: 濒危点：一危险或灾难性情况的边缘： on the precipice of defeat. 处于失败的边缘 stand on the edge of a precipice 处于生死关头，灾难边缘 precipice bluff cliff palisade slope

ferocious adj. （形容词） Extremely savage; fierce. See Synonyms at cruel 极为野蛮的；残忍的参见 cruel Marked by unrelenting intensity; extreme: 十分强烈的，极度的： ferocious heat. 酷热的 fero“ciously adv. （副词） fero“ciousness n. （名词）

ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce ruthless savage vicious wild gentle meek mild obedient

herbivorous/ herbivore (From New Latin herbivorus, Latin herba [vegetation])

adj. feeding on plants; plant-eating. 食草的：以食草为生的；食植物的 ~ animals Rabbits are ～ s ； lions are not. 兔子是食草动物 ,狮子则不是。

carnivorous/ carnivore (from French [meat-eating], from Latin carnivorus)

Feeding on animals, flesh-eating Wolfs are flesh-eating animals; sheep are not.

Any of various predatory, flesh-eating mammals, including the dogs, cats, bears, weasels, hyenas, and raccoons.

食肉目各种食肉性哺乳动物的一种，包括狗、猫、熊、鼬、鬣狗以及浣熊

An insectivorous plant. 食虫植物

fatal

Causing or capable of causing death. 致命的：引起死亡的 , 能够引起死亡的

Causing ruin or destruction; disastrous毁灭性的 : 引起毁灭或破坏的 ;灾难的： “Such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory” (Charles Darwin)

“这些教条如果是真的，将对我的理论有着绝对的毁灭性” (查尔斯 ·达尔文 )

Of decisive importance; fateful. 决定性的：有决定的重要性的；重大的

Determining destiny; controlled by fate.命中注定的：决定命运的；由命运控制的

fatal ， deadly ， mortal ， lethal

These adjectives apply to what causes or is likely to cause death.

Fatal describes conditions, circumstances, or events that have caused or are destined inevitably to cause death or dire consequences 描述条件、环境或事件已引起或注定不可避免地会引起死亡或悲惨的结果： a ～ accident; a ～ illness. “It is ～ to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas MacArthur). “不抱赢的希望参加战争，那是必死无疑的”。（道格拉斯 ·麦克阿瑟）

Deadly means capable of killing: 指杀伤力 ,可致人死亡 a ～ weapon; a ～ poison.

Mortal describes a condition or action that has produced or is about to produce death 描述状况或行为已经产生或将要产生死亡

a mortal wound.致命伤。

Lethal refers to a sure agent of death that may have been created solely for the purpose of killing 指确定的死亡原因，有可能是为谋杀而策划的

execution by lethal injection;致死性注射的死刑； a lethal dose of barbiturates.巴比妥酸盐的致死药量

Note writing

Invitation-declining note

Appreciation for being invited Reason for not being able to come or attend Regret for missing such an occasion Extending felicitation, etc., should the occasion require

Key to Exercises

The headmaster plays an important role in the effective administration

of a school.

It is my mother who has the final say in family affairs.

Biology, microbiology in particular, had fascinated him from his earliest

student days.

Has she said anything that appeals to you especially?

Under such complicated conditions, not one can tell who will win the

next election.

Here is 100 pounds; that should cover all your expenses.

The work of an engineer requires intelligence plus experience.

Lisa: Listen, this is something you should read. Harry: Oh, yes? What’s that? Lisa: It’s a warning to smokers. Harry: Another one? What does it say/ Lisa: It tells you to smoke a brand of cigarette from a “lower tar”

group. Harry: But I always do. Lisa: It also tells you to smoke fewer cigarettes. And it warns you

not to inhale. Harry: They make it all sound very easy, but I’ve tried all that. Lisa: It tells you to take fewer puffs from each cigarette and warns

you not to smoke the cigarette to the end. Oh, and then it tells you to take the cigarette out of your mouth between puffs.

Harry: Thanks for the warning. I’m sure you are right. I’ll give it a try.

Passage Dictation