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citl.illinois.edu
Teaching MetacognitionHelping Students Self-Assess
Their Own Learning
Jim Wentworth & Ava WolfCenter for Innovation in Teaching and Learning
http://citl.illinois.eduUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Schedule:
10:30 – 11:00 Metacognition Presentation
11:00 – 11:40 Self-Assessment Hands-On Activity
11:40 – 11:50 Break
11:50 – 12:30 Student Response and Peer Instruction
12:30 – 1:00 Question and Answer Period
Outcomes:
Describe the concepts and value of developing metacognitive skills
Identify methods for developing and supporting self-learners
Demonstrate learning assessment techniques through hands on activities
Describe and demonstrate an approach to classroom response systems and peer instruction
“Teaching is the Art of Changing the Brain”
James Zull
During this talk we’ll be using the Poll Everywhere classroom response system.
In your browser go to:pollev.com/metacognition
When you think of the term metacognition, what comes to mind?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
Metacognition involves an active awareness of the processes of thinking and reasoning that we engage in when attempting to learn
Why Teach Metacognition?
Not all students enter the university with the necessary skills to succeed in their chosen discipline.
There is almost no relationship between how well students think they know material and how well they perform on an exam.
Plotnik & Kouyoumdijan, 2011
Over the past four decades there has been a dramatic rise in the number of freshman students that rate their abilitiesabove average.
“Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge”
- Charles Darwin
Why Teach Metacognition?
By teaching metacognitive skills we can help students to overcome any bad study habits and gaps in their understanding and we can encourage them to assume responsibility for their own learning.
Helping students to recognize and retain what they’ve learned
Helping students compare their understanding to that of their classmates
Helping students review and assess their work against a set of stated expectations
Student Benefits
Making Learning Transparent
Provide clearly stated learning outcomes or assignment objectives
Use grading rubrics that align with objectives
Have students help create self-assessment quiz questions
Discuss Bloom’s taxonomy with students
Bloom’s TaxonomyShow of hands, how many of you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy?
Metacognitive Tools & Activities
Self-Assessment QuizzesGrading RubricsAssignment WrappersFormative FeedbackAuthentic AssessmentClassroom CritiquePeer Review / AssessmentSmall Group DiscussionStudent Response SystemsOne-Minute PaperMuddiest PointReiterative Projects
PortfoliosWeekly ReportsProcess AnalysisStudent-Generated Quiz QuestionsBackground Knowledge ProbeCategorizing GridOne Sentence SummaryProject ProspectusAnalytic MemoChain NotesReflective JournalConcept Maps
Metacognitive Activities Large Lecture Course
Small Blended Course
Online Course
Self-Assessment Quiz X X X
Grading Rubrics X X X
Assignment Wrapper X X
Reflective Journal X X
One Minute Paper X X
Muddiest Point X X
Classroom Critique X
Peer Evaluation / Assessment X X X
Small Group Discussion X X X
Student Response Systems X X
Authentic Assessment X X
Reiterative Projects X X
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Think about your own thinking
What works for you? How do you gain understanding of new concepts? What tools or tricks work for you to remember and recall information when needed?
In your mind, follow your travels from home to work and see what associations are triggered.
What comes to mind as you imagine yourself traveling this route?
How do people learn?
Please write your first idea or thought on a piece of paper
How do people learn?
Then add your response to the list atpollev.com/metacognition
If learning involves attaching and integrating new information and
ideas to existing knowledge structures in the brain,
then . . .
Teaching is the Art of Changing the Brain
James Zull
Which letter below would be most associated with motor function?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
Which letter below would be most associated with motor function?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
The 4 letters Represent:
Frontal Integrative cortex
Premotor and Motor
Sensory and Postsensory
Temporal Integrative Cortex
Which letter would be most associated with reflection?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
Which letter below would be most associated with reflection?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
The 4 letters Represent:
D = Frontal Integrative cortex
A = Premotor and Motor
B = Sensory and Postsensory
C = Temporal Integrative Cortex
Important functions of the cortex
Matching stages of the experiential learning cycle
The sensory cortex receives information from the outside world
Matches with the common definition of concrete experience
The temporal integrative cortex integrates sensory information to create images and meaning
Matches what happens during reflection, for example remembering relevant information, free association & mentally reviewing experiences
The frontal integrative cortex is responsible for short term memory, problem solving, making decisions and directing action.
Matches well with the generation of abstractions, which requires manipulation of images and language to create new arrangements
The motor cortex directly triggers all coordinated and voluntary muscle contractions by the body
This matches with the necessity for action in the completion of the learning cycle. Active testing of abstractions requires conversion of ideas into physical action.
The Biology of Learning
Consider the word DUCK
What comes to mind when you hear the word duck?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
Consider the word DUCK
What comes to mind when you view the following image?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
Fish is Fish – Leo Lionni
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Next we’ll focus on the use of online self-assessment quizzes for providing formative feedback
Shifting Gears
Formative Feedback
Helps students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work
Helps faculty recognize where students are struggling to address problems immediately
Show of hands
How many of you currently use online assessments in some form?
Online Self-Assessment
Use LMS to deliver online quizzes Computer scoring provides
immediate results for students, and comprehensive feedback
Question Pools to store and reuse questions
Item analysis in Blackboard
Question types in Blackboard that allow for immediate scoring and feedback?
Multiple Choice Fill in the Blank True / False & Either / Or Calculated Numeric Jumbled Sentence Matching Multiple Answers Opinion Scale / Likert
Formative Feedback
Revealing Unknown Unknowns
McGraw Hill’s LearnSmart system attempts to reveal to students their lack of awareness of unknown content by asking them to evaluate their confidence before responding to each question
“Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge”
- Charles Darwinc
The system tracks the responses along with the level of confidence to reveal those questions that students don’t realize they do not know.
Revealing Unknown Unknowns
Aware and Unaware
Now it’s your turn
Go to http://compass2g.illinois.edu
Login with the guest account provided
Take the short self-assessment quiz
Compass Features
Formative Feedback Tips Questions align with objectives Provide good distractors – key into
common misconceptions Use images to help support recall Specific mention of related readings Links to additional information online Capitalize on “emotion” of moment
Pair and Share Worksheet Activity:
-- identify one learning outcome, and
-- create one multiple choice, self-assessment question with distractors and substantive feedback .
When completed share your question with another group – pass to the right.
Formative Assessment Rubric
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Break
Please return in 10 minutes
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Which one does not belong?
Knowledge structures of experts and novices
Novice
Expert
Principles of Expertise
Experts notice meaningful patterns of information
Experts organize content knowledge in ways that reflect a deep understanding
Experts are able to flexibly retrieve rules, principles and applications
Experts can transfer knowledge beyond the original context
Show of hands
How many viewed at least some of Confessions of a Converted Lecturer?
Confessions of a Converted Lecture
Switch to media file to watch eight minute excerpt
Mazur’s Key Points
The better you know something the more difficult it is to teach the beginner
Much of our learning takes place outside of the classroom
Education is not just the transfer of information, it also requires assimilation
Teach by asking, not by telling
Poll Everywhere question
What are some of the building block concepts in your discipline?
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
What makes a good polling question?
Return to poll everywhere results – What are some of the building block concepts in your discipline?
Form into groups and write at least one good polling question that would help students in the classroom to gauge their understanding of one of these difficult ideas.
Add your polling question to Poll Everywhere for display and archiving
respond at PollEv.com/metacognition
Classroom Response SystemsDiscuss the basics of these systems
Demonstrate Poll Everywhere reporting options
Expert Knowledge
Expert Knowledge
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Key Ideas Building off of prior knowledge is
essential for all learning
Formative feedback is necessary for students to address their own weaknesses
Expert knowledge can get in the way of teaching
Questions?Feel free to e-mail us:
[email protected]@illinois.edu
Online course materials and resources available at:
compass2g.illinois.edu
The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled - Plutarch
citl.illinois.edu