ColonizationColonizationChapter 4Chapter 4

8-1.38-1.3Summarize the history of English settlement in New England, the mid-Atlantic region, and

the South, with an emphasis on South Carolina as an example of a distinctly

southern colony.

Settlement TimelineSettlement Timeline• 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on the remains of Charles

Fort’s• 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on the remains Ft San

Felipe’s• 1607 Jamestown, VA is the First permanent English

settlement in America • 1619 Africans first arrive in America• 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors

1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on Charles

Fort’s remains

1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on Ft San Felipe’s remains 1607 Jamestown, VA 1st

permanent settlement in Amercia

1619 Africans first arrive in America 1663 Carolina

colony given to Lord Proprietors

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There are 3 distinct regions in the colonies (Colonial Regions).List the colonies in each.

The 13 colonies•Groups of people were quickly coming to America.•Their reasons for coming varied –fortune hunters –to escape religious persecution

Colonial America developed into 3 distinct regions: 1.1.New England Colonies New England Colonies 2.2.Middle Colonies Middle Colonies 3.3. Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

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JamestownCharter, Plantation,

Indentured Slaves

Settlement of AmericaSettlement of AmericaJamestownJamestown - 11stst English colony in America English colony in America (1607)

~ Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to establish settlements in AmericaCharterCharter – Official permission to operate something, such Official permission to operate something, such as a colonyas a colonyThe settlers endured several years of starvation and the The settlers endured several years of starvation and the deaths of many until tobacco made the settlement deaths of many until tobacco made the settlement sustainable sustainable

~ Learned to grow Tobacco from the Native Americans~ Shipped tobacco to England** TobaccoTobacco – 11stst Cash CropCash Crop & backbone of VA & backbone of VA

economyeconomy

PlantationsPlantations – large farmsEmerged because tobacco growth needed large plots of

land

Indentured Slaves(Servants)Indentured Slaves(Servants) – People who agreed to work for a landowner (Plantations) for a number of years in exchange for passage to America

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The Headright System

JamestownThe London Company initiated the headright system

that provided land to anyone who paid their own passage or the passage of others to the settlement.

The Headright MethodThe Headright MethodSettlers got land based on the number of Settlers got land based on the number of people in the family, or householdpeople in the family, or household Slaves and indentured servants were Slaves and indentured servants were included in the count included in the count

More people More people = =

More land More land

Two results of the Headright System

__________________a more reliable source of cheaper labor would replace the Headright System

The Headright MethodThe headright system promoted TheThe establishment of large tobacco establishment of large tobacco

plantationsplantations Conflict over land with the natives as the Conflict over land with the natives as the

settlers took more land for tobacco settlers took more land for tobacco productionproduction

By the end of the 1600s however, they had turned to a more reliable source of labor – African slavesAfrican slaves.

The House of Burgesses was established so…

The House of BurgessesThe London Company also established the

House of Burgesses [1619] so that settlers so that settlers would have a voice in the governance of the would have a voice in the governance of the colonycolony.

Although not completely democratic, this assembly was in keeping with English political tradition since the Magna Carta.

Jamestown grew into the colony of Jamestown grew into the colony of Virginia and established the pattern Virginia and established the pattern for the for the southern coloniessouthern colonies.

New England Colonies

Characteristics of the settlers

New England ColoniesRhode IslandConnecticutNew HampshireMassachusetts (which included modern day Maine)

People who settled this People who settled this region were motivated by region were motivated by the importance of family the importance of family and freedom of religion. and freedom of religion.

Most of the settlers here Most of the settlers here were used to doing things were used to doing things themselves and themselves and not not depending on others. depending on others.

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New England

• The New England Colonies were founded as _____________________________________.

• Pilgrims/Separatists• Mayflower Compact

New EnglandNew England

16201620 – A group of Pilgrims (SeparatistsPilgrims (Separatists) were given a charter by VA Company to settle in North America settled “Plymouth” in Massachusetts

The New England colonies were founded as The New England colonies were founded as a haven for religious groups persecuted in a haven for religious groups persecuted in England. England.

Pilgrims/Separatists/Puritans – Separated Separated from the Church of England to follow beliefs from the Church of England to follow beliefs of John Calvin of John Calvin (Puritans(Puritans))

Mayflower Compact – Document signed by all Document signed by all passengers/colonists establishing the passengers/colonists establishing the American ideal of American ideal of “government by consent”“government by consent” the idea that the people form the governmentthe idea that the people form the government

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New England

Subsistence Crops/Farms

New EnglandNew EnglandThey struggled to survive as had the

Jamestown settlers. With the help of a Native American, they learned to plant corn and sustained themselves but never prospered. Subsistence Crops – crops that provided just crops that provided just

enough food to feed the farmer’s familyenough food to feed the farmer’s family• A characteristic of most New England farms

The Puritans invested in their own joint stock company and brought their charter with them to the New World

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New EnglandTheocracy – Government based on religious

authority ~ Puritans

They established a democratic form of They established a democratic form of government that includedgovernment that included

1.town meetings 2.a general assembly

New England

Life in the Colony

New England All male church members could vote. All male church members could vote. Their economy thrived – based on ship Their economy thrived – based on ship

building & tradebuilding & trade They established schools so that their They established schools so that their

children could learn to read the Biblechildren could learn to read the Bible

Established religious Established religious conformity (Dissenters conformity (Dissenters were exiled to other parts were exiled to other parts of the region)of the region)Population grew & Population grew & spread because of the spread because of the large Puritan familieslarge Puritan families

Middle Colonies

The Settlers

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Middle ColoniesNew YorkPennsylvania (which literally means Penn’s Woods)DelawareNew Jersey

Settlers to the Middle Settlers to the Middle Colonies included a great Colonies included a great variety of Europeansvariety of EuropeansDutch who first settled New York The Swedes who first settled DelawareEnglish Puritans & Quakers

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Middle Colonies

The Quakers

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Middle Colonies A group of religious A group of religious

dissentersdissenters Believed that Believed that

everyone had an everyone had an inner lightinner light

They promoted They promoted religious tolerance religious tolerance and good relations and good relations with the natives in with the natives in their regiontheir region

The colony attracted many other groups of people

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The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies had the had the greatest greatest

diversity of people & diversity of people & religionsreligions..

Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania

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Middle ColoniesKing Charles II granted

William Penn land in payment of a debt

Penn had the rights of a proprietor and could name the governor of the colony.

Pennsylvania (PA) had a representative assembly as did the other colonies in the region.

Founded for the purpose of profit

The ‘breadbasket’ of the colonies

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Southern Colonies

The Settlers

The Economy

Chapter 4

Southern ColoniesMarylandVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

People who settled here People who settled here wanted to make moneywanted to make moneyThe warm weather and The warm weather and good soil created a long good soil created a long growing seasons = growing seasons = Economy based on Economy based on AgricultureAgriculture

Plantations quickly Plantations quickly developed

The plantation system was The plantation system was very popular in the Southern very popular in the Southern ColoniesColonies..

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Southern ColoniesThe main crops grown on plantations:•TobaccoTobacco- mostly mostly grown in North grown in North Carolina and VirginiaCarolina and Virginia•Carolina Gold Carolina Gold rice: rice: which was South which was South Carolina’s 1st Carolina’s 1st cash cash cropcrop•IndigoIndigo- a plant that - a plant that gives us the blue dye gives us the blue dye for blue jeans.for blue jeans.

Tobacco plant and drying barn

Indigo plant & dye

Carolina Gold

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Types of ColoniesDefine

Royal ColonyProprietary Colony

Self-Governing Colony

Governing ColoniesGoverning Colonies3 Types of English Colonies3 Types of English Colonies

1.1.Royal ColonyRoyal Colony – Under the direction of the king (royalty)– King appoints governor & council– Most colonies in America became Royal Colonies in

the end

2.2.Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony – An individual or group given ownership of land from the king– Usually acted as the governor ~ appointed council

& approved laws– Charged settlers rent – Paid the king rent

3.3.Self-governing ColonySelf-governing Colony – No charter from king– King did Not appoint governor or council– Rhode Island

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