During the process of patination, the patinating solution slightly smoothes the coin's micro relief by dissolving the surface layer of the coin's metal which is replaced with a thin film of cuprous oxide. That is why a great care must be exercised here. Artificial patinas are not stable under the influence of air and, therefore, should be protected by the lacquer, wax or oils. However, these organic coatings do not last long, and after their disintegration begins, new centers of the unequally changing patina appear. Generally the sulfur-containing compounds are used for tarnishing the copper coins and relics. As for artificial patination, use of various soluble mixtures of these sulfur-containing compounds with other substances allows to patinate coins in a number of colors that are characteristic for aged copper. The following methods, not widely known, are used for pa 3) Green Two-Layer Patina This method involves two solutions. Solution 1 is prepared by dissolving 100g of Ammonium Sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) in 1 liter of water. Solution 2 is prepared by dissolving 50g of Copper Sulphate 5-hydrat (CuSO45H2O), 10g of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, also known as lye or caustic soda) and 176g of Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) in 1 liter of water. First, the coin's surface is washed by the solution 1 two or three times, followed by rinsing and drying each time. Then the coin with brown-yellowish film is brushed with the solution 2, twice a day for 4-5 days, followed by rinsing with cold water each time. The newly made blue patina gradually turns green in the open air and becomes very resistant to it. FALSE Patina All coatings on copper and copper alloys such as bronze and brass possessing a patina-like appearance, but which in contrast to true patina, are white or saltlike or resemble clay or grease can be called false patina. 16. Golden Yellow Ingredients ← Sodium Thiosulfate ... 1/4 oz [MORE INFO ]
Transcript
During the process of patination, the patinating solution slightly smoothes the coin's micro relief by dissolving the surface layer of the coin's metal which is replaced with a thin film of cuprous oxide. That is why a great care must be exercised here.
Artificial patinas are not stable under the influence of air and, therefore, should be protected by the lacquer, wax or oils. However, these organic coatings do not last long, and after their disintegration begins, new centers of the unequally changing patina appear.
Generally the sulfur-containing compounds are used for tarnishing the copper coins and relics. As for artificial patination, use of various soluble mixtures of these sulfur-containing compounds with other substances allows to patinate coins in a number of colors that are characteristic for aged copper.
The following methods, not widely known, are used for pa
3) Green Two-Layer PatinaThis method involves two solutions. Solution 1 is prepared by dissolving 100g of Ammonium Sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) in 1 liter of water. Solution 2 is prepared by dissolving 50g of Copper Sulphate 5-hydrat (CuSO45H2O), 10g of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, also known as lye or caustic soda) and 176g of Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) in 1 liter of water.
First, the coin's surface is washed by the solution 1 two or three times, followed by rinsing and drying each time. Then the coin with brown-yellowish film is brushed with the solution 2, twice a day for 4-5 days, followed by rinsing with cold water each time. The newly made blue patina gradually turns green in the open air and becomes very resistant to it.
FALSE Patina
All coatings on copper and copper alloys such as bronze and brass possessing a patina-like appearance, but which in contrast to true patina, are white or saltlike or resemble clay or grease can be called false patina.
16. Golden Yellow
Ingredients← Sodium Thiosulfate ... 1/4 oz [MORE INFO]
← Ferric Nitrate ... 2 oz [MORE INFO]
← Distilled Water 1 quart← Heat solution to a boil. Dip.
Immerse object in boiling solution. A dark brown layer forms on surface after 1-2 min. Remove object and bristle-brush under hot water. Re-immerse and repeat process after 2 min. if necessary. Immerse again to approximately 15 min. remove and wash thoroughly in hot water using a bristle brush if necessary. Dry and wax finish of choice.
Information on Electrophoretic Lacquering
The key purpose of this site is to develop your understanding about 'Electrophoretic' plating process and to give you a better understanding of technically advanced SHINEX range.
Electrophoretic coating is also referred as electrocoating method which uses an electrical current to deposit lacquer on metal substrates such as Aluminium, Copper, Gold, Silver, Brass, Zinc Rich Metals, Zamac, Galvinized /Galvaneal. Stainless steel, CRS/HRS etc.
The electrocoat system applies a DC charge to a metal part immersed in a bath of oppositely charged lacquer particles. The paint particles are drawn to the metal part and lacquer is deposited on the part, forming an even, continuous film over the entire surface, until the coating reaches the desired thickness.
In Electrophoretic process precipitation of lacquer particles onto a substrate is achieved by electric current. It offers higher efficiency and automated process. Lacquer is deposited by regulating voltage and coating can be either cathodic or anodic.
In cathodic process the product has a negative charge, attracting the positively charged lacquer particles. Cathodic process applies a negative electrical charge to the metal part which attracts positively charged paint particles.
In anodic process the part to be coated is the anode with a positive electrical charge which attracts negatively charged Lacquer particles in the paint lacquer bath.
All components or items made of base metals such as copper, brass, silver, gold, nickel and zinc alloys are coated by lacquer as a final process. The Lacquers are used to protect the surface from deterioration in appearance due to atmosphere or handling. It is also used to provide decorative high gloss or a particular colour which is achieved by addition of a colour dye. It provides the finish which has extremely high corrosion resistance.
According to our understanding there are seven suppliers of Electrophoretic lacquers in the world and we have studied our competition well for their product range and prices. On request, we supply full technical data and process sheets for each product which highlights the film thickness, pencil hardness, UV resistance, acetone resistance, dry adhesion, wet adhesion which could be compared with competitors products. Shinex range of lacquers give similar performance test which could be tested by independent laboratories.
The benefits of electrophoretic process are that it maximises efficiency and profit. It reduces operating cost and impact on environment. It offers high transfer efficiency and reduces wastage, It is automated process and offers high productivity. The lacquering gives excellent film uniformity and control.
Electrophoretic Lacquering ProcessElectrophoretic lacquering is a 'Continuous process after plating' as it could be continuation of electroplating line followed with lacquering tank, which is also described as 'wet on wet' plating process. The components do not have to be dried first, as it could be a continuation of the plating process.
Equipment Pictures
In Electrophoretic process complete coverage of all surface with a uniform film is achieved. Use of water in place of inflammable solvent is an attractive feature of this process. The anodic or cathodic electroplating systems are developed for this process.
The use of the product is simplified by the fact that the addition of demineralised water to SHINEX material attains a correct working solution without any further adjustments being necessary. It is non-flammable so considerably safer to use than conventional solvent based lacquers. It is applied by electro-deposition from a water based solution to give exceptionally clear, glossy coatings at low or high film thickness as desired for a degree of abrasion resistance.
SHINEX lacquers were developed with extensive research and development to offer a system, which is easy to use and offers the excellent quality.
The components made of substrates such as copper, brass, silver, gold, nickel and zinc would go through various process of electroplating such as satin coating or nickel coating and a final stage would be a silverflash coating. This would be followed by lacquering as a final application to give protection from atmospheric conditions and handling and give durability. The lacquering process could be an extension to the existing plating process or stand alone just lacquering plant.
The thickness of lacquer coating is achieved by variations of voltage and time. Higher thickness would consume more lacquer, but if the usage demands that than it is essential to coat correct thickness. For example decorative product may just require 3 to 5 micron thickness, whereas products such as Door handles, Bathroom taps and accessories, where there is moisture in the air and handled rigorously, up to 12 to 24 micron thickness would be applied.
On silverflash or gold plated items a clear lacquer is applied. The additional benefit of the SHINEX lacquer is that to replace gold plating, a gold colour dye can be mixed in a clear lacquer and applied on silver flashed items. The finished product would be a gold colour product. This process is much cheaper than actual gold plating. The dye shades can be adjusted too. Dyes are also available in Copper and Brass finish as well as other colours.
The selection of what type of lacquer is to be used is on basis of micron thickness required, acetone rubs required for durability (varies from 250 to 2,000), hours of sweat test and Baking voltage
Productivity and profitFeatures and Benefits- Waterborne paint : Low risk of fire-safer working Continuous process after: Less downtime-increasing line Only two additives: Simple to use-less rework due to Mistakes Low equipment entry cost: Uses existing oven @160ºC Operates in any tank size: Small tank can provide low entry cost Simple process: Easy to train labour Film thickness 3 to 12 microns: Low build, Low material consumption Film thickness 3 to 24 microns: High Build, Low material consumption Clear transparent paint film: No distortion of metal plating colour Excellent Appearance: Provides protection of plating metal Excellent throwing power: No additional painting of difficult shapes
Good edge coverage: No drips or sags in paint film
SHINEX Material v Competitors Material No air conditioning required*: Air Conditioning is required. Ultra filtration is not required: Expensive Ultra filtration needed SHINEX comes as a package: Have to search for the dye and solvents Competitively priced: Expensive Easy to pour and mix (liquid): Difficult to pour and mix Low equipment cost: High equipment cost
*operates well up to 28 degrees with good ventilation*Use of ultrafiltration on large baths is recommended
It is recommended that particle filtration down to 1 micron is maintained. No ultrafiration is required on small installations of up to 30 litre baths. Pre and Post add Rinse Additives- 1 to 2 ml per litre of Rinse Tank Use Solvents for large baths with low turnover systems or is lying idle. Flow additive to be used based on analysis. Dyes are available as Gold colour or in Red and Yellow colours as two components.
Types of Metal products coated are: Artificial/Imitation Jewellery- Necklace, earrings, Bangles, bracelets, chains, fancy belts etc. Gift items, desk top articles, pen holders, vases, trinket boxes etc. Buckles, Briefcase and bags locks, edges fittings, Badges, Zip runners, Tie pins Cufflinks, Spectacle frames Electrical Components, Chandelier fittings, Chains, ceiling light fittings Lamp shade stands, fittings, light switches, timers, Trays Furniture handles, decorative trim, trophies, mementos Watch belts, Candelabrum, Trays, Bathroom Accessories Door handles, door Lock strips, door hinges
Taps, shelf and holders, Towel railing
Electrophoretic Lacquers for metal products deposited using either cathodic or anodic Electrodeposition. Decorative electrophoretic lacquers are typically Acrylic and Polyurethane chemistry speciality coating used to lacquers various substrates and metals. Lacquering I is often used as a final decorative finished on metal substrates such as copper, brass, silver, gold, nickel and zinc alloys. The electrophoretic lacquer coating can also be applied on real gold and silver plated components as well as silver-flashed and tin plated components etc. Products are coated to give protective layer of film of exceptionally clear, glossy or dye colour at low or high film thickness for a degree of abrasion or chemical resistance. Type of lacquer is selected on shade clarity and acetone rubs required which is often based on end product end requirement application and customer needs. Most electrophoretic range of lacquers can be used with post dyes or integral dyes. Electrophoretic lacquer coating process is often referred as electrocoating or ecoat method which uses an electrical current to deposit the lacquer on metal substrates such as Aluminium, Copper, Gold, Silver, Brass, Zinc Rich Metals, Zinc Die Casting, Aliminium, Die Casting, Zamac, Galvanized galvanneal (hot dip Zinc coatings) Stainless steel, CRS HRS etc.
The electrocoat system applies a DC charge to a metal part immersed
in a bath of oppositely charged lacquer particles. The paint particles are drawn to the metal part and lacquer is deposited on the part, forming an even, continuous film over the entire surface, until the coating reaches the desired thickness. Electrophoretic lacquering is often a continuous process after plating as it often a continuation of electroplating line followed with lacquering tank. The can be described as wet on wet plating process. The Electrophoretic lacquering is an advanced form of high performance lacquering but uses simple process using water base solutions and with low risk of fire and safer environment. It has excellent throwing power to coat difficult shapes evenly. Metal finished products coated using this method are artificial jewellery, gift items, door handles, hardware products.
In a general sense, lacquer is a clear or coloured varnish that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard, durable finish, in any sheen level from ultra matt to high gloss and that can be further polished as required. The term lacquer originates from the Portuguese word for lac, a type of resin excreted from certain insects. Regardless, in modern usage, lac-based varnishes are referred to as shellac, while lacquer refers to other polymers dissolved in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as nitrocellulose, and later acrylic compounds dissolved in lacquer thinner, a mixture of several solvents typically containing butyl acetate and xylene or toluene..
Lacquering is often done on metal substrates such as copper, brass, silver, gold, nickel and zinc alloys to protect and decorate. The coating can also be applied on solid real gold and silver plated components as well as silver-flashed and tin plated components and substrates such as wood, plastic, wax, ceramics, rubber etc.
Products are coated to give protective layer of film of exceptionally clear, glossy or dye colour at low or high film thickness for a degree of abrasion resistance. Type of lacquer is selected on shade/ clarity and acetone rubs required which is often based on end product application and customer requirement. A range of lacquers could be used as dye mixed in-lacquer or as post dye system. We supply both types of dyes too.
The types of lacquers are either ’water base’ or ‘solvent base’ and either ‘stoving’ or ‘air drying’ achieves curing. It depends on how the lacquer is manufactured and the recommended application process. There are many processes for lacquering metal products and application method
Lacquers are can be supplied for many types of lacquering process such as:
Electrophoretic Lacquers for metal products deposited cathodic or anodic
Electrophoretic coating is also referred as electrocoating or ecoating method which uses an electrical current to deposit lacquer on metal substrates such as Aluminium, Copper, Gold, Silver, Brass, Zinc Rich Metals, die cast metals, Mazak Zamac, Zamak, Galvanized /Galvanic. Stainless Steel, CRS/HRS etc. The electrocoat system applies a DC charge to a metal part immersed in a bath of oppositely charged lacquer particles. The paint particles are drawn to the metal part and lacquer is deposited on the part, forming an even, continuous film over the entire surface, until the coating reaches the desired thickness.
Electrophoretic lacquering is a 'Continuous process after plating' as it could be continuation of electroplating line followed with lacquering tank, which is also described as 'wet on wet' plating
process. The Electrophoretic lacquering is an advanced form of lacquering with a simple process using water base solutions and with low risk of fire and safer environment. It has excellent throwing power to coat difficult shapes evenly. Metal products coated using this method are artificial jewellery, gift items, door handles, hardware products etc.
Dip, Brush or Spray Lacquers for metal and other materialsEither ‘stoving’ or ‘air drying’ achieves cure and hardness from the water base or solvent base lacquers which dipping or spraying before curing applied lacquer. It is simple form of protective coating. Health and safety measures are required for solvent base dip and spray lacquers due to the use of highly volatile and sometimes toxic solvents or thinners
There are various features found in Nitrocellulose, Epoxy, Acrylic, Polyurethane and other types of Lacquers and using technical expertise various resins, solvent, wetting additives and cross linking materials are mixed in specific ratios at the time of manufacturing to create suitable lacquer for a specific requirement. Lacquers have been used extensively as fast drying, weather-resistant finishes, which creates a clear film, and if dyes are added gives variety of colours. Additives can be applied to achieve gloss, matt, pearl and other metallic finishes.
Type of lacquer used is selected on performance requirements, shade/ clarity, coating thickness, durability, acetone rubs, UV resistance required, which is often based on coated product application and customer requirement.
A10) We have basically two systems, one is Acrylic Electrophoretic and second is Polyurethane. Acrylic system is very popular in dye gold segment. The dye gold exactly resembles the flash coating gold colour having better life than flash. Economically it is cheaper than the flash gold. Recommended on jewellery, spectacles, lamp fitting, idols and various others. Apart from gold we have 14 different colours in this range. We promote two products for deposition.
- Clearlyte - Growclear LB 25
Clearlyte is old product and already established in the Indian market, whereas, LB 25 is a new superior version having very good strength and bonding with the base metal or base coating.
In combination with Clearlyte, it gives rich yellow 24 KT shade. The other product is Growclear HBC which is polyurethane lacquer it gives up to 25m thickness having 4 H to 5 H pencil hardness. It also passes 24 hrs. immersion water test. Basically recommended for hardware, bathroom fittings and guaranteed micron jewellery segment.
For furthur enquiries, please contact us through e mail which is accessable from
Electrophoretic Lacquer G. W. CLEATLYTE
1. Cost effective water based acrylic top coat with diiferent colour shades. 2. Golden dye electrophoretic coating ~ replacement for 24 KT gold shade. 3. Deposit thickness ~ 5-8 µm. 4. Uniform colour coating over complex parts. 5. Up to 90% reduction of VOC ~ reduces environmental hazards. 6. 1 kg. material can coat 25m2 area (7 to 8 µm thickness.)
GROWCLEAR LB 40 1. Economically designed for low build coating with desired ductility. 2. Used in conjugation with dye as well as transparent coating. 3. Popular in jewellery industry 4. Different dyes combination is possible. 5. Deposit thickness 8-15 µm. 6. Excellent emulsion stability. 7. Low solvent level ~ reduces air-borne pollution.
GROWCLEAR HBC PLUS 1. Durable and stable water based polyurethane chemistry. 2. Give smooth and even coating with enhanced glass. 3. Superior chemical and perspiration resistance. 4. Low cream coat which improves rinsing and gives consistent finish. 5. Excellent film clarity and hardness - (4 H+). 6. Passes 'ocetone double rub test' >2000. 7. Coating thickness at 50 V for 60 sec.: 20-24 µm.
GROWCLEAR HO / HI HO 1. Polyurethane based black cathodic electrophoretic process. 2. Provides durability and stability to the deposited coating. 3. Excellent chemical, UV and solvent resistance. 4. Ready to coat on any base metal plated surfaces. 5. Deposit thickness: Growclear HI HO ~ 4-5 µm, Growclear HO ~20 µm. 6. Pencil hardness: 5 H+ 7. Perspiration resisyance: 4 cycles. 8. Low solid operational range reduces installation cost.
GROWCLEAR THETA 1. High glass, clear coating with excellent image clarity. 2. Effective on plated surface like brass, silver, gold, nickel, satin nickel ;amp
aluminium. 3. Resistant to perspiration and sweat. 4. Excellent corrosion and UV light weathering resistance. 5. Superior chemical and abrasion / wear resistance. 6. Medium and high build capability. 7. Can be coated on door hardware, hinges, lock parts, bicycles parts, lighting etc.
GROWCLEAR UNIMATT 1. Stable matting agent in liquid form used in combination with Growclear series of
products. 2. Highly stable, even during ultrafiltration.
3. Easy to maintain and known for its consistent finish. DISCLAIMER: Our recommendation are made in good faith and are based on our skills. However, since the conditions of use of these products are beyond our control, this information is given on the express condition and agreement that Grauer ;amp Weil (India) Limited, will not be liable to any person by reason thereof. Nothing herein shall be deemed to be a recommendation to use any product in violation of any existing patent rights.GRAUER & WEIL (INDIA) LTD.
Mr. Wasi Ansari (Assitant Manager (Communication)) Mobile:+919892214311
Enthone Performance Coatings
Bipin MistryCountry Sales Manager - India
Enthone IndiaA Division of Cookson India Pte limited
Phone: 91 9892537633
Offering a wide range of Electroplating Chemicals, Polishing Materials, Heaters, Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, and many other products at very competitive prices...
An Overview
Consistently providing quality products to various industries since its establishment in 1959, Gandhi Traders has come up a long way and has become a global leader in metal finishing industry. We are a leading and highly reputed exporter, supplier, and distributor of various Metal Finishing Chemicals and various types of Equipment and Plating Plants including Electroplating Chemicals, Polishing Materials, Heaters, Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, Pre-Treatment Chemicals, Castic, Boric, and Buffing Compounds. We are one of the best metal finishing houses known in the world today. Besides providing the best quality products, we also offer after sales service and timely delivery of consignments for the convenience of our valued customers.
Our products are known for their quality, purity, durability, and non-corrosion factors. These products are used in huge demand for various application purposes in many industrial sectors. To ensure maximum customer satisfaction, we deal with reputed and branded companies. We have already created strong relationship with various brands that are appreciated in industry. These products are then personally checked and analyzed on their quality level before the final delivery to our customers from countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, to name a few. We are also
members of the Delhi Metal Finishing Traders Association that has further raised our credibility in the market.
Product Range
For over five decades now, we have been dealing in providing high quality products and services, which ensures maximum customer satisfaction. Our product range includes:
Nickel, Plating on Aluminium, Plating on Plastic, Tin & Tin Alloys, Zinc & Zinc Alloys
Conversion Coating - Blackening, Chromatization, Phospating, Post Treatment
Electronics - Ammoniacal Etchant, Electroless Nickel or Immersion Gold, Multi PCB, Pattern Plating, Thru-Hole Plating, Tin Strippers, Lead Strippers
Lacquers - Clear Lyte, GrowClear HBC, GrowClear LB 25, Supersheen U 200 Precious Metal - Gold, Gold Stripper or Recovery, Nickel Free Technology,
Silver Speciality Chemicals Strippers - Electroless Nickel Stripper, Nickel Stripper, Tin Lead Stripper Basic Chemicals Continuous Plating Chemicals Process Sequence
Polishing
Glue Tat Brush Jute Brush Fibre Brush Emry Buff Wire Brush (Soft and Hard)
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Cadmium Heaters Titanium Baskets Copper Wire Zinc Nickel Plates Tin Phospherized Copper Plates Other Allied Products
Quality Assurance
The objective of our company has always been to provide quality products and services to our valued customers. With an experience of over five decades in this industry, we know exactly what is essential and needed by our customers. We make
sure that we source our products from the best known and reputed brands and companies in the market. This procedure is carried out by our team of highly qualified sourcing experts. After the procurement, each product is carefully checked and tested for its quality level by our quality analysts. Only after these stringent methods, we send the products for careful packaging and further for delivery at clients' end. We, as a successful metal finishing house not only offer quality products but also provide other treatment systems as well as waste recovery methods to our valuable clients.
Sourcing Capabilities
In order to make successful provisions of quality products, it is very important for us to make sure that all our products are sourced from the most reputed brands in the market. Our qualified sourcing agents narrow down on the reputed companies and make sure that their manufacturing facilities and procedures are up to the mark and that their products are of the best quality. Eventually, our quality analysts carry out inspections on the quality, purity, and durability factors of the products. We also make sure to note that they are capable of fulfilling bulk orders within the set time.
Storage Facility
We have our very own storage facility, which is spread over a large area. The storehouse is divided into different sections for the different products that we offer. The temperature and atmosphere of the storehouse is well maintained so that the safety and quality of the products are well ensured. The storehouse is completely moisture-free, dust-free, and corrosion-free and hence we can guarantee that our products are well protected. It is located near points where transportation is easy and thus we make sure that the products are delivered to our customers within the stipulated time.
Why Us?
Some of the major reasons why Gandhi Traders is a level higher than our contemporaries are:-
Highest Quality Products Direct Distributors of Co. bulk buyers Wide Market Presence Fast Delivery Of Products Competitive Market Pricing After Sales service Provided Handling of projects on trendy basis.
The Electrophoretic coating process is a method of depositing water based paint or clear coatings on to metal or conductive parts. The biggest use for this process is as a first coat primer for automotive cars, truck bodies, parts and components. 99% of mass produced cars, trucks and component parts are Electrophoretic primer coated. The most common resin types used are epoxy, acrylic, hybrid and polyurethane technologies. Epoxy type chemistry give excellent corrosion resistance whereas acrylic and polyurethane offer high UV resistance. Polyurethane type offer very good UV properties combined with excellent chemical resistance. Another big market is for decorative or protective finishes on electroplated door hardware, light fitting, jewellery and electronic devices such as mobile phones.
Process Method The Electrophoretic Process uses a stable emulsion of suspended organic resins in purified water (deionised). The Electrophoretic Process solution normally comprises of organic solvents, water, acid or alkali stabilisers, ionic components, wetting agents and if coloured pigments or dyes. When a D.C. voltage is applied across two immersed electrodes, the passage of current is accompanied by electrolysis of water. This results in oxygen gas being liberated at the anode (positive electrode) and hydrogen gas liberated at the cathode (negative electrode). The liberation of these gases disturbs the hydrogen ion balance in the water nearby the electrodes. This results in a subsequent pH change and this in turn de-stabilises the resin emulsion components of the solution and they coagulate onto the appropriate electrode. It is often referred to as controlled precipitation of the paint or resin particles on to the electrode. Electrolysis of water causes the cathode to become alkaline and the anodes to become acid. Cathodic Electrophoretic systems are stable except at high (alkaline) pH. Anodic are stable except at low (acid) pH.It is very common to refer to Electropaint as "Electrophoretic"
How is it applied? An unfinished pre-treated metal or conductive component part is immersed in a bath containing the Electrophoretic paint emulsion, and then an electric current is passed through both the part and the emulsion. The paint particles that are in contact with the part adhere to the surface, as described in the above mechanism, and build up an electrically insulating layer. This layer prevents any further electrical current passing through, resulting in a perfectly level coating even in the recessed parts of complex-shaped goods. The product is then removed from the paint bath and baked in an oven.Depending on the polarity of the charge, electrocoating is classified as either anodic or cathodic.In anodic electrocoating, the part to be coated is the anode with a positive electrical charge, which attracts negatively charged paint particles in the paint bath. During the anodic process, small amounts of metal ions migrate into the paint film, which limit the performance properties of anodic systems. The main use for anodic products is interior or moderately exterior environments. Anodic coatings are economical systems that offer excellent colour and gloss control. In cathodic electrocoating, the product has a negative charge, attracting the positively charged paint particles. Cathodic electrocoat applies a negative electrical charge to the metal part, which attracts positively charged paint particles. Reversing the polarities used in the anodic process significantly reduces the amount of iron entering the cured paint film and improves the cathodic properties. Cathodic coatings are high-performance coatings with excellent corrosion resistance that can be formulated for exterior durability
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), is a term for a broad range of industrial processes which includes electrocoating, e-coating, Cathodic electrodeposition, and Electrophoretic coating, or Electrophoretic painting. A characteristic feature of this process is that colloidal particles suspended in a liquid medium migrate under the influence of an electric field (electrophoresis) and are deposited onto an electrode. All colloidal particles that can be used to form stable suspensions and that can carry a charge can be used in Electrophoretic deposition. This includes material classes such as polymers, pigments, dyes, ceramics and metals.The process is useful for applying materials to any electrically conductive surface. The materials, which are being deposited, are the major determining factor in the actual processing conditions and equipment, which may be used. Due to the wide utilization of Electrophoretic painting processes in many industries, aqueous EPD is the most common commercially used EPD process. However, non-aqueous Electrophoretic deposition applications are known. Applications of non-aqueous EPD are currently being explored for use in the fabrication of electronic components and the production of ceramic coatings. Non-aqueous processes have the advantage of avoiding the electrolysis of water and the gas evolution, which accompanies electrolysis.
