PRESENTED BY—SOUNDARYA V

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY

D.A. PANDU MEMORIAL R.V. DENTAL COLLEGE

COLORADO STAINS

COLORADO STAINS

FREDERICK S McKAY

CONTENTS

Introduction

Dean’s index

Fredrick McKay

Work done

Public health perspective

INTRODUCTION

Dental fluorosis / Mottled enamel

Excessive intake of fluoride

fluorapatite is generated.

Permanent + primary teeth

water supply other sources

White spots, brown stains, pitting or mottling of enamel.

NormalSmooth, glossy, pale creamy-white translucent surface

Questionable A few white flecks or white spots

Very Mild

Small opaque, paper white areas covering less than 25% of the tooth surface

DEAN'S INDEX

MildOpaque white areas covering less than 50% of the tooth surface

Moderate

All tooth surfaces affected; marked wear on biting surfaces; brown stain may be present

SevereAll tooth surfaces affected; discrete or confluent pitting; brown stain present

STUDY DONE BY----

born in Lawrence, Massachusetts

graduate of the Dental School University of Pennsylvania

came to Colorado Springs in 1901

moved to St. Louis for orthodontic training.

Dr. Frederick S. McKay

1874-1959

dedicated individual who was determined to identify the cause of the discoloration of teeth and spent a lifetime using his personal funds to pursue his goal.

WORK DONE

o Frederick McKay found strange marks on the teeth of native people in Colorado

o In 1909,  Frederick McKay, A. Fleming and Isaac Burton initiated a study ( public schools ) and found that

 2,945 children  87.5 percent were afflicted.

o It was also endemic to other communities along the Continental Divide

G.V. Black, Isaac Burton and F.Y. Wilson, studying the Colorado Brown Stain.

Wrote the first detailed clinical description of mottled enamel which is now termed fluorosis.

McKay’s findings drew little notice until 1915. That year he collaborated with Dr. G. V. Black

In 1928, Dr. McKay discovered the agent also inhibited dental caries - Hereford, texas ( 3 ppm )

In 1931, Dr. McKay sent samples to a chemist, H.V. Churchill who identified the causative agent as fluoride. ( 13.2 ppm )

naturally derived from the rock formations of Pikes Peak, cryolite, a mineral containing fluorine..

US Public Health Service

H. Trendley Dean

survey the nation’s water supplies for high fluoride

content

PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE In the 1940s, studies were proved the benefits of

fluoridation of community water supplies

City or Town

Initiated

Fluoridation

Discontinued Fluoridation

Number of

Years without Fluoridation

Percent

Increase in Caries Rates

Antigo, Wisconsin

1949

1960

5.5

70%-200%

Wick,

Scotland

1971

1979

5.0

Primary 40% Permanent 27%

Galesburg, Illinois

Naturally Fl

water source

1959

switched to non-Fl

water source

2.0

38%

REFERENCES

pubmed Hhtp.fluoridehistory.org http://www.ada.org/public/topics/fluoride/fa

cts/ http://othmerlib.chemheritage.org/search

THANK YOU