POLAND KRAKÓW

Republic of POLAND

• Location: Central Europe

• Capital city: Warsaw

• Member of European Union since 2004

• Area: 312,685 km2 (water: 3.07%)

• Population: ~38 mln

• Terrain: mostly flat, mountains on the south

• Coastline with Baltic sea: ~491km

Kraków

• Second biggest city in Poland (after Warsaw)

• Lies in the southern part of Poland, on the Vistula River (Wisła) 219 m above sea level

• City area: 327 km2

• Population (31 December 2011): ~756 000 (~1,400,000 in metropolitan area)

• Density: ~2,300 / km2

GABRIELA | KAROLINA | WERONIKA | MACIEK VIII PALO

Water sources

•Possible water production per day – 297.4 thousand m3

•Total length of water supply network – 2056 km

•Estimated number of citizens exploiting from the water supply network - 99.5%

Water Treatment Plants (WTP) in Kraków

•The “Bielany” WTP - Zbiornik Dobczycki

•The “Rudawa” WTP - Rudawa river – Podkamyk reservoir

•The “Dłubnia” WTP – Dłubnia river and Mistrzejowice deep wells

•The “Raba” WTP – Sanka river

Water distribution

Water production 2007-2011

Process of water purification

Process of water purification

•The process of purification and of becoming drinking water for our school takes place in ZUW (place of water conditioning) Raba. It consists in mixing water with ozone, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.

•Mixing water with ozone is one of the ways of disinfection of water. It provides microbiological purity of water.

•Coagulation consists in joining of colloidal molecules present in water into larger aggregates that falls down rapidly. As a result a precipitate is created and above it there is a clear water.

Process of water purification

• Colloids – natural elements of water coming of mineral or organic origin which cause the opacity and influence the colour of water.

• Sedimentation – the process of self-acting subsiding of particles present if water if their density is greater than the density of water.

• During the filtration water is put through a filter that puts a physical barriers of undesirable particles

• Disinfection consists in deactivation and destruction of killing and pathogenic particles. It results in termination of their growth and reproduction.

Sources of water in Kraków

<http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl/> Definitions taken from <http://zasoby.open.agh.edu.pl/> and <http://www.lenntech.com>

ZUW RABA

(taken from <http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl>

ZUW RABA

(taken from <http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl>

Quality of water in Kraków

WATER QUALITY INDEX

UNITPLACE OF WATER CONDITIONING

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT according

to the norm of

RABA RUDAWA DŁUBNIA BIELANY Poland EU

colour mg Pt/l 2 1 2 2 BNZ (15)5 accept.opacity NTU 0,15 0,11 0,17 0,21 1 accept.

pH 7,90 7,51 7,54 7,52 6,5-9,5 6,5-9,5tendency to oxidise with

KMnO4mg/l 1,0 <0,5 1,0 1,0 5 5

chlorides mg/l 15,3 27,4 25,8 43,4 250 250ammonium ions mg/l <0,02 <0,02 0,022 0,025 0,5 0,5

nitrites mg/l <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 0,5 0,5nitrates mg/l 7,6 13,2 17,8 11,3 50 50

general hardness mg/l 128 259 298 281 60-500 -calcium mg/l 41,2 95,6 104,2 101,0 - -

magnesium mg/l 5,1 10,5 9,2 10,8 125 -iron mg/l <0,025 <0,025 <0,025 <0,025 0,2 0,2

manganese mg/l <0,015 <0,015 <0,015 <0,015 0,05 0,05copper mg/l <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 0,006 2,0 2,0

chromium mg/l <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 0,05 0,05nickel mg/l <0,006 <0,006 <0,006 <0,006 0,02 0,02

cadmium mg/l <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 0,005 0,005THM µg/l <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 150 100

chloroform µg/l <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 30 -PAH µg/l <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 0,1 0,1

benzopyrene µg/l <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 0,01 0,01Escherichia coli CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0

Enterococcus faecalis CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0Clostridium perfringens

CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0

overall number of bacteria at 220C after

72 hCFU/1 ml 1 0 1 1 BNZ (100)5 BNZ

Statistics taken from:<http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl/upload/Subpages/komunikat_20_VIII_2012.pdf>, the state from 2.07 – 20.08.2012)

The hardness of water in Kraków

AREA OF

SUPPLY

UNIT

HARDNESS OF WATER IN THE WATER SYSTEM OF KRAKÓW

ZUW RABA ZUW RUDAWA ZUW DŁUBNIA ZUW BIELANY

average max average max average max average max

mg CaCO3/dm3 128 134 259 263 298 308 281 295

mmol/dm3 1,28 1,34 2,59 2,63 2,98 3,08 2,81 2,95

mval/dm3 2,56 2,68 5,18 5,26 5,96 6,16 5,62 5,9

German Degrees [0N] 7,17 7,51 14,51 14,70 16,69 17,25 15,74 16,52

English Degrees [0A] 8,96 9,38 18,13 18,41 20,86 21,56 19,67 20,65

French Degrees [0F] 12,8 13,4 25,9 26,3 29,8 30,8 28,1 29,5

Quantity of water in Poland

AVERAGE AMOUNT OF WATER PER CAPITA

POLAND EUROPE

1660 m3 4560 m3

Data taken from < http://www.ekoportal.gov.pl>, 21. 10. 2012 and <http://iche2002.pl/>, 22. 10. 2012.

Map of Poland taken from < http://www.adam.krynicki.net/lo/mapy/pol_rzeki1.jpg>

Wisła - the biggest river in Poland

Wisła - the biggest river in Poland

Wisła - the biggest river in Poland

ZUW RABA

(taken from <http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl>

Is water from our taps drinkable?

•YES!

•but... there is still a common conviction that it should not be drunk without boiling, otherwise it may be dangerous

•Even though bottled water market is doing well - in general there is a broad variety of tastes (depending on water source)

Industrial water treatment

• In Kraków there are six waste water treatment institutions.

• Two main : „Płaszów” and „Kujawy” and four small local ones : „Bielany” , „Łęg” , „Kliny” and „Dąbie”.

• „Płaszów” is the biggest and the oldest, it is one of the first water treatment institutions in Poland.

• „Kujawy” is right after „Płaszów”, before year 2003 it used to be the most modern institution in whole region of Poland, now „Płaszów” institution extension has been finished

„Płaszów”

„Płaszów”

• It used to purify water mechanically, but now after modernization from 2003-2007,is more environmental friendly and purified in biological ways

• It supports needs of over 780 thousands of Kraków inhabitants.

•Average daily flow of sewage is about 165 000m3

„Kujawy”

•From the beginning which is 1999 purifies water in biological ways

•Average daily flow is about 52 000 m3

„Kujawy”

On the next slide you can see map of a sewage system in Kraków.

Our school is also marked on the map.

The green line represents the way that water has to travel to the nearest industrial water treatment

A few facts about sewage system in our city

•It consists of two independent parts which end in different industrial water treatment institutions

•It is about 1680 km long and still growing

•Soon with growth of agglomeration of Kraków we will reach sewage capacity limits.