Command and Control Leadership
Joseph CastroLos Angeles Fire Dept
Command & Control Leadership
Command & Control Leadership
• Standard Incidents• Large Incidents• Crisis Incident Management
*Guidance Templates*
Strategy Guidance
• Rescue• Exposure• Confine• Extinguish• Overhaul• Ventilation• Salvage
8 Standards of Command 1. Assume Command• 2. Situational Awareness• 3. Incident Communications• 4. Incident objectives, strategy, develop IAP• 5. Deploy Resources• 6. Develop Incident Organization• 7. Review, evaluate, and revise the IAP as
needed.• 8. Transfer and termination of command.
• ** Risk Management**
ASSUMPTION OF COMMAND• First Arriving Officer SHALL?
Situational Awareness• Is it “normal” and will ordinary SOG’s suffice?
– Size, Scope, Complexity, Duration, Novelty
Situational Awareness
Communications• Identify
– Dispatch does this initially
• Develop
– Enhance to meet incident & organizational objectives
• Initiate
• Control
– ICS terminology, Groups/Divisions, Radio discipline
Incident Objectives• Must coincide with accurate situational awareness. • On smaller incidents this is usually skipped over
(straight to tactical assignments)• On larger incidents, escalating incidents, they
become essential to:– Ensure more complex strategies are all met. – Serve as the seed for the ICS 201 and IAP – Assist in identifying progress
“Protect the Hollywood sign”
“Protect the Hollywood sign”
StrategyPrepare area prior to fires arrival, to slow flame spread and reduce flame intensityFire suppression in immediate area upon fires arrival
“Protect the Hollywood sign”Prepare area prior to fires arrival, to slow flame spread and reduce flame intensityTactics● Paint the ridge with fire retardant using fixed wing aircraft ● Use LAFD tractor unit to cut a 15’ fire break● Coat the sign with “Barricade”● Reduce & remove vegetation next to sign
Deploy Resources
Incident Organization
• As the incidents grows, so does the Organization.• Ensures effective utilization of resources, assists
in resource accountability.• The Organization Chart adds visual clarity
– Span of Control– Unity of Command– Objectives have been tactically supported with
resources
Incident Organization
• Truck 27 from IC, you’re going to be Division “Alpha”
Geographical Divisions
• EXACTLY what is their square of land
• Give them a mission• Who will be working for them• Communications plan• Who they will be working for• Safety concerns
“T-27 from IC, you’re going to be the Div “A” supervisor”…….
“You have all of the stores on the Alpha side”“I’m concerned about the horizontal fire travel in both directions, both on the first floor and in the attic”“You’ll have E-48 working for you”“Talk to me on Channel 11”I’m a little concerned about potential collapse of the facade
T-27 from IC, you’re going to be the Div “A” supervisor…….
• You have all of the stores on the Alpha side
• I’m concerned about the horizontal fire travel in both directions, both on the first floor and in the attic
• You’ll have E-48 working for you• Talk to me on Channel 11• I’m a little concerned about potential
collapse of the facade
Evaluate and Revise• 98 % of the time, the fire goes out (after the first 6 steps)
• The “Roger” syndrome.
• Look, Listen and Reconcile.
• True “contingency” planning
• Logistical support, Supporting Agencies, Relief, Demobilization should all be considered at this point also
• The shift from Initial Attack to Extended Attack should become evident (if applicable)
• Does progress meet expectations? Why not??
21
Little or No Progress at 10 minutes?
• RESOURCE RECONCILIATION?• HIGH HEAT ?• ESCAPABLE? • COLLASPSE/FLASH? • SAFETY OVERSIGHT?
DECISION POINTSDECISION POINTS
ES
CA
PA
BL
E?
RE
SO
UR
CE
RE
CO
NC
ILIA
TIO
N
CO
LL
AS
PS
E/F
LA
SH?
HIG
H H
EA
T ?
Pillars of Command
SAF
ET
Y O
VE
RSIG
HT
?
Transition of Command• Briefing and Documentation
Planning Process
23
The NIMS planning process provides a template for the ICP to Plan how it can best support
the incident response.
24
Five Major Phases in the ICP Planning Process
1. Understanding the SituationIncident/EventNotificationInitial ResponseIncident Brief (201)ICP Initial Unified Command Meeting
25
When is the decision made to move from the Reactive to Managed phase of an incident?
Who makes that decision?
26
Five Pillars of Command
27
INCIDENT BRIEFING (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name:
2. Incident Number:
3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Time:
4. Map/Sketch (include sketch, showing the total area of operations, the incident site/area, impacted and threatened areas, overflight results, trajectories, impacted shorelines, or other graphics depicting situational status and resource assignment):
5. Situation Summary and Health and Safety Briefing (for briefings or transfer of command): Recognize potential incident Health and Safety Hazards and develop necessary measures (remove hazard, provide personal protective equipment, warn people of the hazard) to protect responders from those hazards.
6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature:
ICS 201, Page 1 Date/Time:
ICS 201 Briefing
• The current situation (Review event IAPs, ICS 201 form, Situation Reports [SITREPS], and previous IAPs.)
• Facilities established
• Incident potential
28
ICS 201 Briefing
INCIDENT BRIEFING (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name:
2. Incident Number:
3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Time:
7. Current and Planned Objectives:
8. Current and Planned Actions, Strategies, and Tactics:
Time: Actions:
6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature:
ICS 201, Page 2 Date/Time:
• Initial objectives and priorities
• Current and planned actions
29
ICS 201 Briefing
• Current on-scene organization
30
INCIDENT BRIEFING (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name:
2. Incident Number:
3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Time:
9. Current Organization (fill in additional organization as appropriate):
6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature:
ICS 201, Page 3 Date/Time:
Incident Commander(s)
Operations Section Chief Planning Section Chief Logistics Section Chief Finance/Administration Section Chief
Safety Officer
Public Information Officer
Liaison Officer
INCIDENT BRIEFING (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name:
2. Incident Number:
3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Time:
10. Resource Summary:
Resource Resource Identifier
Date/Time Ordered ETA A
rriv
ed
Notes (location/assignment/status)
6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature:
ICS 201, Page 4 Date/Time:
ICS 201 Briefing
• Resource assignments
• Resources en-route and/or ordered
31
Five Major Phases in the ICP Planning Process
2. IC/UC Objectives Meeting
– Public health and safety
– Estimated cost– Environmental,
legal, and political considerations
– Incident stabilization
32
Commanders Intent
“Words into organization and action”
• Commanders Intent is the direction or goal the commander or command wants to accomplish in the operational period.
• Operations turns the objectives into:– Tactical work assignments– Builds the necessary organizational
structure to support the next Operational period objectives.33
Five Major Phases in the ICP Planning Process (cont.)
Operational-period objectives should follow the SMART model:–S = Specific–M = Measurable–A = Action-oriented–R = Realistic–T = Time sensitive
34
Litmus Test• Conduct rescue of all
occupants in bank bldg
• Extinguish fires in bank bldg
• Restore Utilities to complex
• Provide support to evacuee’s at the shelter site
• Conduct Air monitoring for hazardous materials
• Develop continuous water supply
35
Five Major Phases in the ICP Planning Process
3. Developing the Incident Action Plan (IAP)
• ICP objectives discussed
• OSC reviews and/or completes the ICS 215
• Ops organization chart reviewed and/or completed ICS 207
• Safety Officer reviews and/or completes ICS 215a and identifies and resolves any critical safety issues
• Logistics Section Chief discusses and resolves any logistics issues
• Planning Section Chief validates connectivity of tactics and operational objectives
36
OPERATIONAL PLANNING WORKSHEET (ICS 215) 1. Incident Name:
2. Operational Period: Date From: Date To: Time From: Time To:
3. B
ran
ch
4. D
ivis
ion
, Gro
up,
o
r O
ther
5. W
ork
Assig
nm
en
t &
Sp
ecia
l In
str
ucti
on
s
6. R
eso
urc
es
7. O
ve
rhead
Po
sit
ion(
s)
8. S
pecia
l E
qu
ipm
en
t &
S
up
plies
9. R
ep
ort
ing
L
ocati
on
10.
Req
ueste
d A
rriv
al T
ime
Req.
Have
Need
Req. Have Need
Req. Have Need
Req. Have Need
Req. Have Need
Req.
Have
Need
ICS 215
11. Total Resources Required
14. Prepared by:
Name:
Position/Title:
Signature:
Date/Time:
12. Total Resources Have on Hand
13. Total Resources Need To Order
37
INCIDENT ACTION PLAN SAFETY ANALYSIS (ICS 215A) 1. Incident Name:
2. Incident Number:
3. Date/Time Prepared: Date: Time:
4. Operational Period: Date From: Date To: Time From: Time To:
5. Incident Area 6. Hazards/Risks 7. Mitigations
8. Prepared by (Safety Officer): Name: Signature:
Prepared by (Operations Section Chief): Name: Signature:
ICS 215A Date/Time:
38
Five Major Phases in the ICP Planning Process
4. Preparation and Dissemination of the Plan– Preparation
for the Plan Meeting
– Conduct the Planning Meeting
– IAP Preparation and Approval
– Operations Briefing
39
Five Major Phases in the ICP Planning Process
5. Execution, Evaluation, and Revision of the Plan– The new
operational period begins.
– The planning process now starts over with the new shift working on the next operational period.
– We continue to assess and modify the existing plan40
Is this a crisis?
• Size it up on the radio• Call for a whole lot of
help• Begin moving people to a
safe location• Try to determine the
incident footprint• Draw a red circle around
it and don’t let it get outside
• Take action• When help arrives brief
them
Don’t know what to do?
42