Command and Control of Space Forces - A Weapon System Approach NDIA 25 Aug 05 Col Tony Williams...

Command and Control of Space Forces - A Weapon

System Approach

NDIA 25 Aug 05

Col Tony WilliamsDivision ChiefAFSPC/XOZ

2XO/Space C2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V2 15 Aug 05

Overview

• The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs

• The Solution – a Space C2 Weapon System

• Bottom Line


Overview



• Bottom Line


OIF Warfighter’s Reliance on Space

• Navigation: 24/7 GPS Enhanced Theater support enabled Time Sensitive & Dynamic Targeting for OIF

• ~ 70% of all munitions used GPS

• Weather: NASA’s Aqua & DoD’s DMSP sats predicted 23-24 March sandstorms, warning commanders and troops

TSTs

• Missile Warning: Space IR systems detected ~1,493 provided missile events

• CSAR: Space enabled largest Joint Search and Rescue operations in history• 55 missions, 73 people saved (Pvt. Lynch rescue utilized ISR, UAVs linked by SATCOM)

• SATCOM: ATO transmissions over MILSTAR took 6 sec; air delivered in Gulf War• ~750 Tomahawk missile updates were transmitted via SATCOM• Communications capacity increased from 100 megabits to 2.6 gigabits; commercial satellites

provided 80% bandwidth• ISR: 24/7 coverage enabled 116 C4I targets, including 10 media facilities

3%

65%

32% TerroristLeadershipWMD

Space Systems Are Now an Accepted, Proven and Mandatory Element of National Military Power


TBMCS

Space C2 Capabilities are Fragmentary and Ad Hoc

““The AF must restructure the wayThe AF must restructure the wayC2 programs are managed and resourced”C2 programs are managed and resourced”

(USAF SAB, May 2001) (USAF SAB, May 2001)

GCCS SBMCSCCIC2S

GCSS


CDR USSTRATCOM

CDR JFCC SGS

CDRJSO

Direct Support

DirectSupport

CAOCCAOC

AORAOR

Tactical Units

JSTO

COCOM

OPCON

TACON

JFC JFC

SpaceEffects

SpaceEffects

Theater B

Theater A

JSpOC

Operational Command Flow for Space Forces

Recent Componency Changes Increase the Challenge for C2 of Space Forces in providing space effects at the timing and tempo

needed by the Theater


JFCC SGS Operations

Center

Space Operations Planning and Integration

Cheyenne Mountain Cheyenne Mountain Operations CenterOperations Center

DoD Manned DoD Manned Space Flight Space Flight

Support OfficeSupport Office

Missile Missile WarningWarning

SpaceSpaceControl CtrControl CtrPersonnelPersonnel

Global Strike Forces

Attached As Required

Marine GS Forces

Navy GS Forces

AF GS Forces

Army GS Forces

JFCOMJFCOM

TRANSCOMTRANSCOMCENTCOMCENTCOM

EUCOMEUCOM

PACOMPACOM

SOCOMSOCOM

SOUTHCOMSOUTHCOM

NORTHCOMNORTHCOM

Space Forces

Attached As Required

Navy Space Forces

AF Space Forces

Army Space Forces

Theater Theater Operations Operations

CentersCenters

Air Execution Capability

Global Integration Global Integration CellCell

JFCC SGSJFCC SGS

Air Operations

Center

8AF

Joint Space Operations

Center

14 AF+

Collaborative Environment

JTF GNOJTF GNO

JFCC ISRJFCC ISR

JFCC IMDJFCC IMD

JFCC NWJFCC NW

Strike Operations Planning and Integration

Joint Information Joint Information Operations CenterOperations Center

JFCC JFCC Operations Operations

CentersCenters

Global Synchronization and Situational Awareness

STRATCOM STRATCOM Global Global

Operations Operations CenterCenter

JFCC SGS Distributed Operations

williamsa1

For AOC IPT brief only


Summary of the Need

• Capability to gain and maintain situation awareness of all space related activities

• Capability to plan, task, and direct space forces to provide timely effects in support of the warfighter

• Net centricity Service Oriented Architecture • JC2 interoperability requirements


Overview



• Implementation Strategy

• Bottom Line


Space C2 WS Defined

• The Space C2 WS is the means for commanders to exercise authority and direction over assigned and attached forces to carry out joint space operations (CC Intent & Feedback)

• Space C2 functions are performed to allow a commander to plan, direct, coordinate and control operations of assigned forces

Functions are an arrangement of….

FacilitiesEquipmentCommunicationsProceduresPersonnel TrainingSustainment (Joint Pub 1-2)


SSA Services

eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion

GIG

Core Enterprise Services(Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc.)

Other UDOPs

SSA UDOP

DB DB DB DB DB

Space C2 UDOP

Space C2 WS Employs NC SOA, shared with SSA Community

SSA

Space C2 Services

eg. Space Tasking

Assured Access

Space Superiority

OCS DCS

Other Services

e.g., Value Added Processing

Status and Tasking

Tasking and Mission Data

Key Source

Global Surveillance

Targeting and Tracking (GSTT)

Global Information

Services (GIS)

Status and Tasking


SSA Services


GIG


Other UDOPs

SSA UDOP

DB DB DB DB DB

Space C2 UDOP

Space C2 Weapon System – Systems

Space C2 Services

eg. Space Tasking

Other Services


Status and Tasking


Key Source

• Satellite Operations

• Range Assets

• Launch Systems

• Space Control Center

• Space Surveillance Network and sensor sites

• Space Based sensors

• DCS systems• OCS systems

• Missile Warning

• Space Based

• Ground Based

• Space Radar

• Comm • Wideband • Protected• Narrowband• Broadcast

• Environmental• Timing &

Navigation• Blue Force

Tracking

• Includes liaison/coordination with National/Civil/Commercial/Allied Spaced Assets

SSA

Space Superiority

OCS DCS

Assured Access

Global Surveillance


Global Information

Services (GIS)

Status and Tasking


SSA Services


GIG


Other UDOPs

SSA UDOP

DB DB DB DB DB

Space C2 Weapon System – Types of Information

Other Services


Status and Tasking


Key Source

SSA

Space Superiority

OCS DCS

Assured Access

Global Surveillance


Status and Tasking

Space C2 Services

eg. Space Tasking

Space C2 UDOP

Constellation / system health & status

Maintenance & launch schedules

EW/RFI

Capability predictions by time or region

In-space events: Conjunctions, NFLs, Maneuvers, Re-entries, etc.

Feedback & Assessments (COAs, CC’s Intent

Global Information

Services (GIS)

System Effects (GETS, CV)

Counterspace taskings

Collision avoidance maneuvers

Maintenance schedule direction

SCC priorities, Launch calls


Space C2 Weapon System Initially Focusedon Two Key Processes

MAINTAIN INTEGRATED SPACE PICTURE

• Events in the Medium of Space:• Conjunctions, Maneuvers,

NFLs, Payload assessment, Red/Gray Space Order of Battle

• Space environment assessment & projections

• Blue space asset status and projections• Constellation / system health

& status• Maintenance & launch

schedules• Capability predictions by time

or region

ENABLE SPACE TASKINGCYCLE

• Continuous Flexible process to produce:

• Space Ops Directive:• Strategies• Priorities

• Master Space Plan:• Asset-to-Task Resource

Allocation• Space Tasking Order (S-T-O)

• Apply CDRJSO & Combatant Commanders’ Intent, Priorities & Objectives, ROE, ATO/SPINS


NCES-SOA

williamsa1

Needed? How employed?Let's use this to talk about the users and how they are supported


Falconer AOC vs JSpOC Core ProcessD

IFF

ER

EN

CE

S

S

IMIL

AR

ITIE

S

Falconer AOC

Executes Joint Targeting CycleStrategy-to-task processEffects-based operationsRequires internal & external

coordinationSome activities span more than a

single tasking cycle24/7 operations (when activated)Supports coalition operationsOperations planned at multiple

security level Intel critical throughout

• Theater responsibilities• Single COCOM focus• Crisis operations• Up to 2500+ taskings per ATO• Assets assigned/attached for single

theater support

Joint Space Operations Center

Executes Joint Targeting CycleStrategy-to-task processEffects-based operationsRequires internal & external

coordinationSome activities span more than a

single tasking cycle24/7 operationsSupports coalition operationsOperations planned at multiple

security levels Intel critical throughout

• Global responsibilities balanced w/ theaters’ support requirements

• Services National, DoD, Civil and foreign customers

• Peacetime and crisis operations coexist and support integrated globally

• Average ~25 taskings per S-T-O• Assets are global requiring

deconfliction across battlespace


AOFMCRSSBMCS

Space C2 WS Development Approach

Global View (ICSF)

MCRS SIRS

SISP Prototype

Global View (CJMTK)

Space OB DSCS Data SIRS MCRS

SISP 1.0

Initial ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP

Master SpacePlan Automation

Sp C2 WS

Full ISP

Full S-T-OAutomation

Sp C2 WS Block X

Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C2 WS

SBMCSWorldwide system and web client users

NAV ACC, AOF, Look Angles (LA), Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS),

Automated Warning Capability

williamsa1

Separate slide for each phase, describing that phaseAdd AOC deployment schedule


AOFMCRSSBMCS

Global View (ICSF)

MCRS SIRS

SISP Prototype


Global View (CJMTK)


SISP 1.0



Sp C2 WS

Full ISP


Sp C2 WS Block X

SISP PrototypeInitial developmental effort to consolidate dispersed

information into a single integrated picture Global Status View, Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS) Alerts,

SATCOM Interference Reporting System (SIRS) Alerts, RFI Geo-location data, SATCOM User Information



AOFMCRSSBMCS

Global View (ICSF)

MCRS SIRS

SISP Prototype

Global View (CJMTK)


SISP 1.0




Sp C2 WS

Full ISP


Sp C2 WS Block X

SISP 1.0Net-centric SOA system development,

New Web Services for Simple Access, NAV ACC, AOF, Look Angles (LA), Combined AOF & LA,

HF Propagation, Sat Cat, Space Support Request, S-T-O,Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS)



AOFMCRSSBMCS

Global View (ICSF)

MCRS SIRS

SISP Prototype

Global View (CJMTK)


SISP 1.0

ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP


Sp C2 WS


Full ISP


Sp C2 WS Block X

Sp C2 WS Initial Space C2 Weapon System capability providing an

integrated command and control systemIntegrated Space Picture, Space Tasking Order

Development tool



AOFMCRSSBMCS



Global View (ICSF)

MCRS SIRS

SISP Prototype

Global View (CJMTK)


SISP 1.0

ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP


Sp C2 WS

Full ISP


Sp C2 WS Block X

Sp C2 WS Block XNet-centric Service Oriented Architecture capability,

Expanded space data access, fully capable Integrated Space Picture, Space Tasking Order Automation,

Robust Strategy-to-Task Tool


Space C2 WS Way Ahead

Enabling Concept

HPT3 Ltr Coord

FY 06 FY 07

2 Ltr CoordFinal

Periodic Reviews

July Aug Sep Oct Jan 06 Apr Jul Oct Jan 07 Apr Jul Oct Jan 08June

FDEDevelopment

-SISP 1.0

-Prototype

-SpC2S 10.1-Other Efforts-SpC2S 20

CDR Field

Eval/Exercise Eval/ExerciseField

Initial Planning

Dev Dev

FY 08 POMCost Est Group AFSPC Appr

Defend HQAF

Org Construct

Proposal Stand-up 6 month review

AdvocacyHQ AF, STRATCOM, AS2ISRC, ISAG, etc.

CC Updates

Vision 2.0C2 Int in all Sp Programs, Documents updates, etc.

C2 SSACOI Pilot

Refinement Execution Prep

JSpOC Baseline, SCTD, GPS Interface, SBIRS Tasker, Deconfliction, COI Pilot, JSpOC-X, RAIDRS

Automate Integrated Space Picture, Automate S-T-O Process


Overview



• Bottom Line


Benefits – Bottom Lines

• NC is cool, will bring good things to all mankind• Syncronization of timing/tempo/effects enables

Space to exponentially improve how it supports theater

williamsa1

DRC - this is where we need the Benefits of SSA and how it transforms warfare

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