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Commercial Structural Framing Systems
The Skeleton of the Building
The structure of life I have described in buildings . . . is deeply and inextricably connected with the human person, and with the innermost nature of human feelings. -Christopher Alexander
Commercial Structural Framing Systems
•Purpose
•Low Rise Framing Systems
•Cast-in-Place Concrete
•Structural Steel
•Load Bearing Walls
•Hybrid Systems
•Cost
•Structural Efficiency
PURPOSE
•The purpose of structural framing is provide
• Strength – Holds the structure up (and holds it down) despite
• Gravity (vertical) loads• Lateral (sideways) loads
• Stability – Maintains the shape and minimizes movement
Commercial Framing Systems
•Low Rise (three stories or less) commercial framing systems may be similar to residential construction
• Wood framing• Light gauge steel framing
Commercial Framing Systems
•Commercial building considerations• Heavy traffic
• Heavier loads
• More wear and tear
• Larger open spaces
• Easy Maintenance
However, usage of commercial buildings often differs from residential usage.
Structural Steel FramingStructural Steel Column
Open Web Steel Roof Joists
Structural Steel Floor Beams
Steel Decking
Lateral Brace
Courtesy Connie Bertucci
Load Bearing Walls
Masonry load bearing walls with light gauge steel trusses
Courtesy IOP Rec Center
Tilt-up load bearing walls with structural steel and open web steel joist floor and roof framing
Courtesy Tilt-up Concrete Association
Load Bearing Walls
Courtesy Carolina Concrete Masonry Association
Load Bearing CMU Wall
Open Web Wood Floor Joists
Hybrid Framing Systems
Hybrid Systems combine two or more different framing systems
Courtesy TexAZ Business Park
Cast-in-Place Concrete Load Bearing Walls
Structural Steel Framing
Cost
• The cost of construction is an important consideration when choosing a structural system
• The cost of a structure is directly related to the weight of materials used to build the structure
• Lower material weight = Lower cost• Higher material weight = Higher cost
Structural Efficiency
• Ratio of the maximum design load that a structure will carry to the weight of the structure itself• Higher structural efficiency means less material
weight = Lower cost• Lower structural efficiency means more material
weight = Higher cost
Maximum Design Load
Structural EfficiencyWeight of Structure
Design Load = Load a structure is designed to carry
Commercial Structural Framing Systems
•Purpose
•Low Rise Systems
•Cast-in-Place Concrete
•Structural Steel
•Load Bearing Walls
•Hybrid Systems
•Cost
•Structural Efficiency
References
Ching, Francis D. K., and Cassandra Adams. Building Construction Illustrated, 3rd Edition. (2000)
New York: Wiley.
Ramsey, Charles George. Ramsey/Sleeper architectural graphics standards. (2000) New York: John
Wiley.
Image Sources
• Tilt Up Concrete Association. http://www.tilt-up.org/• iStockphoto. http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php• Connie Bertucci, Victor Senior High School, Victor, NY• TexAZ Commercial Properties, LLC• Carolinas Concrete Masonry Association. http://ccmaonline.com/about-carolinas-concrete/about-us.htm