Commercial Truck Tires & Intermodal What is …(Tire Related) • 08 Missing • 09 Slick Tread •...

© 2014 Pressure Systems International, Inc. All rights reserved.

Commercial Truck Tires & Intermodal

What is important?

Al Cohn, Director New Market Development &

Engineering Support PSI, San Antonio, Texas


• Headquarters & manufacturing facility – San Antonio, TX • Achieved standard position in over 70% of top 200

commercial fleets • 50% market share with OE trailer/chassis manufacturing

• Approximately 1.5 million trailers/chassis worldwide

running with PSI

• Established markets & shipped product to 46 countries

• Purchased Leading Producer of TPMS Systems, TST, based out of Atlanta, Georgia in early 2017


Agenda

•Tires & Inflation Pressure •Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rulemaking – Phase 2

•Automatic Tire Inflation


4

Tires 101

Tires taken very seriously!!!


Chassis Tire Pricing – Bias & Radial (10.00-20 & 11R22.5)

• 11R22.5 (LR G) Cooper - $210 including FET • 10.00-20 Chinese Interstar = $171 + $18(tube) +

$4.50(flap) • = $193.50

6

8.5% price premium for radial versus bias with tube/flap


Chassis Bias Tire Retread Prices

7

• Retread 10.00-20 (cap/casing)…$153 • Retread 10.00-20 cap only……….$86

• Retread 11R22.5 (cap/casing)…$190 • Retread 11R22.5 cap only……….$95

Chassis Radial Tire Retread Prices


Tubeless Radial Tire Advantages

• Easy of mounting • Reduction of parts inventory • Improved fuel economy (lower rolling resistance)

• Reduction of punctures & blow outs • Improved safety • Higher removal miles • Improved retreadability


Load/Inflation Issues Bias & Radial

9

• 10.00-20 Load Range G – 14 PR: 5355 lbs @ 90 psi– LR G

• 11R22.5 Load Range G: 5840 lbs @105 psi – LR G

The equivalent radial tire has a 9% higher load capacity versus the bias tire – higher safety factor


Tires & Inflation Pressure

-Tire underinflation is the biggest factor

in reducing tire fuel economy, lower

miles & retreadability

10


Air is what Carriers the Load

ressure


Inflation Pressure & Tires # 1 Maintenance Issue is Tire Inflation Pressure It takes too long to check Get Dirty Inside Dual Difficult to Reach Inflation Gauges are Inaccurate Lose Valve Cap after Pressure Check Valve Cores Stick in the Cold and Lose Air Chassis/Trailer Tires typically have the worst air

pressure

12


Load/Inflation Tables Choosing the Proper Pressure

http://us-tra.org/

11R22.5 rated at 5840 lbs @105 psi

At 5,675 lbs the 10.00-20 is rated at 90 psi


Same trailer tire at various loads/inflation

70 to 110 psi

LIGHT

Medium

Heavy

LOAD


The #1 Cause of Road

Breakdowns


TIRES TIRES TIRES


Slow leaking punctures in the tread is the #1 reason why tires lose air

Why Do Truck Tires Lose Air • Osmosis through the casing

• 1 to 3 PSI/Month statically • 60% increase in osmosis – dynamically (1.6 – 4.8 PSI) • Depends on tire materials & construction

• Tread Punctures

• Sidewall Damage

• Impact Breaks

• Leaking Valve Stems/Cores


Air Pressure Statistics

100 psi +/- 1

100 psi +/- 2

100 psi +/- 3

100 psi +/- 4

100 psi +/- 5

20


Tire Underinflation Only Leads to Problems & Increased Fleet Costs Irregular wear leads to premature removal

Tire punctures increase

Longer footprint

Rubber becomes hot & “softer”

Tire casings become hot from overflexing,

which reduces retreadability Fuel economy drops significantly

21

21


Tire Inflation & Fuel Economy

Under inflated

50 60 70 80 90 100 110

4

2

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-2

-4

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-8

-10

Spec inflation

SAE Fuel test

conditions

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Tire Inflation Pressure (psi) Tires under-inflated by 10 psi = 1.5% poorer fuel economy pg

. 69

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22


TMC Bias Tire Book


Why Made Codes (Tire Related)

• 08 Missing • 09 Slick Tread • 10 Separated Cap • 11 Blister, Knots • 13 Run Flat • 14 Cut, Torn • 15 Flat Tire • 17 Weather Cracking / Channel Crack • 20 Correct Improper Repair • 34 Slid Flat


www.atabusinesssolutions.com


Under-inflation is the major contributor to irregular wear

Irregular Wear – Trailer/Chassis Tires


Tire Footprints 100,90,80,& 70 psi @ 4250 pounds

18% more rubber at 70 psi 3.5% negative impact on fuel economy

27

100 PSI

7” long

90 PSI

7 ¼” long

82.0 Rating

100 Rating

96.4 Rating

89.3 Rating

80 PSI

7 ¾” long

70 PSI

8 ¼” long


Perfect Analogy – Footballs & Tires


Footballs need PSI NFL Football spec is 13 +/- 0.5 psi


Football Gauges Football pressure ranged from 11 to 13 psi depending on which gauge


Dial Gauge Read 13 psi

11.75 psi


32

What’s Inside a Stick Gauge?


Footballs & Temperature • 13 psi at 70 F • Placed football outside for 2 hours at 20 F

• Pressure dropped to 11 psi


NFL “Deflategate” Football Report Conclusions (page 228)

In sum, the data did not provide a basis for us to determine with absolute certainty whether there was or was not tampering as the analysis of such data ultimately is dependent upon assumptions and information that is not certain.

GHG -2 Rulemaking Finalized August 16, 2016 (1,692 pages)

Tires & Tire Inflation


4 Regulatory Categories

•Combination Tractors •Trailers •Heavy Duty Pickup Trucks & Vans •Vocational Vehicles

Reduce GHG emissions by 28% (below 2005 level) in

2025 and 80% reduction by 2050


Box & Non-Box Trailers included in Rulemaking

• Non-Box includes: • Tankers • Flatbeds • Container Chassis

Trailers with 4 or more axles and trailers <35’ with 3 axles are excluded from the rulemaking


Effective January 1, 2018

• Increase in stringency • 2021 • 2024 • 2027

• Final 2027 trailer/chassis standards between 3% and 9% improvement over 2018 baseline depending on specific trailer/chassis type


Effective January 1, 2018

• Box trailers – Flexible Approach to Include • LRR Tires, ATIS, TPMS, Aerodynamic devices, Weight reduction

technologies • Non-Box trailers (Tankers, Flatbeds, Chassis)

• Low Rolling Resistance Tires • ATIS (Automatic Tire Inflation) • TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)


Tires & Tire Inflation • Low rolling resistance (LRR) tires (SmartWay verified) • Spec tire inflation on tractors (1.0% improvement) • Spec tire inflation on trailers/chassis (1.2%

improvement) • If spec TPMS – 1.0 % improvement on trailers

• Projected Adoption rates on Trailers/Chassis • 100% ATIS in 2018 and beyond (p. 362)

• Projected Adoption Rates on Tractors • 2021 – 20% ATIS / 20% TPMS • 2024 – 25% ATIS / 50% TPMS • 2027 – 30% ATIS / 70% TPMS


Air pressure is taken from the air tank(s) thru a pressure protection valve

Then regulated at a control box, set to the desired tire pressure

Air is then distributed to the axles

Routed thru the axles via internal tubing or pressurization of the axle tube

Air is now carried thru a rotary union out to the valve stems

Basic ATIS Operation - Overview

PPV

Air Lines To Axles

Rotary Unions

Control Box



Basic ATIS Operation – Control Box

Pressure Systems International – Company Confidential


44


45


Press Plug, Thru-Tee & Stator

46

Different sizes of Press Plugs depends on axle type

Stator

Thru – Tee (rotary union)


Hubcap with 6 vents – Prevents wheel end

pressure in the event of a failure.

Thru-T is hand tightened into hubcap – Works with either duals or widebase singles

47


Warning Light

48

-Illuminates when tire event occurs.


Commercial Truck Tires & Intermodal

What is important?

Al Cohn, Director New Market Development &

Engineering Support PSI, San Antonio, Texas

[email protected] (210-508-6260)

mailto:[email protected]

Date post:	31-Jul-2020
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Commercial Truck Tires & Intermodal What is …(Tire Related) • 08 Missing • 09 Slick Tread •...

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