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Commercial TV:
Information for profit
Media English 2Fall 2011
Ryukyu Daigaku
History
• First televisions were developed in the 1930s.
• Popularity grew in late 1940s, after the war.
• Early programs mimicked live radio.
• “Golden era” in 1960s and 1970s. • In America, huge audiences for three networks.
• By mid-1980s, cable TV arrived.
• More choices = smaller audiences. • Definition of “mass” media begins to change.
Economics
• Radio began in U.S. as a commercial enterprise.
• Not operated by government but regulated.
• Private companies insist on profit system.
• Advertising is foundation of private media.
• Now in digital world, advertisers are worried about TV’s ability to reach customers.
Early programs
• They were produced live in studios.
• More like theater (plays) than movies.
• Evolved to focus more on social realities during Golden era but sought largest audiences possible.
• Today, that has changed.
• Emphasis is on cinematic productions. • High quality lighting, cameras, sound.• Complicated stories. • Tight formulas.
Vitameatavegimen
I Love LucyYear
U.S. vs. Japan TV
U.S.• Huge markets allow
expensive productions.
• Reality TV series now highly popular: American Idol, Dancing with the Stars, Survivor.
• Limited public broadcasting on PBS.
• Comedy: Mostly satire for younger audiences.
Japan• Fewer expensive
dramas.
• More music and variety.
• Much more comedy for all ages.
• NHK sets standards with serious programming.
Most watched
in USA50.15 million
M*A*S*H, last episodeFeb. 28, 1983
BEIJING OLYMPICS
OPENING
CEREMONIES
984 MILLION +
842 MILLION ON CCTVCHINA
Drag picture to placeholder or click icon to add
Cable & Satellite TV
• Result of technological improvements.
• Created new emphasis on capturing smaller, tighter markets – driven by demographics.
• Age, gender, ethnicity, nationalism.
• Allowed advertisers to target audiences more carefully. Aimed ads specifically at viewers.
• Created big new demand for content (shows).
TV’s Effects
• How we decide
• How we socialize
• How we live at home
• How we see ourselves and others
TV’s Doubtful future
• Advertisers fear the web and DVRs.
• Tablets and other screens
• Apple into the market – new challenge?
• Mobile TV
• What happens to traditional TV?
The End
•Turn off the TV!