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1 1 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Commissioning issues and
solutions
Arasu Thanigai
Pepperl+Fuchs Pte Ltd
Singapore
Fieldbus Foundation Seminar Jakarta - 23rd May 2012
2 2 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Install the Cables
Check out the cable installation
Install the Devices
Check the device installation
Install the DCS
Assigning the I/O
Calibration the Sensor
Ranging
Calibration the 4~20mA
System Ranging
System Calibration 4~20mA
Commissioning Process
3 3 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA Install the Cables
Check out the cable installation
Install the Devices
Check the device installation
Install the DCS
Assigning the I/O
Calibration the Sensor
Ranging
Calibration the 4~20mA
System Ranging
System Calibration 4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus • Install the Cables
• Check out the cable installation
• Install the Devices
• Check the device installation
• Install the DCS
• Assigning the I/O
• Calibration the Sensor
• Ranging
• Calibration the 4~20mA
• System Ranging
• System Calibration 4~20mA
Commissioning Process Comparison.
4 4 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus
4-20mA
P.S.
fieldbus
P.S.
Distance and relevant issue
Artificial hours and relevant cost
Cable connection Quantity
Hidden trouble points
Cable installation
5 5 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA Install the Cables
Check out the cable installation
Install the Devices
Check the device installation
Install the DCS
Assigning the I/O
Calibration the Sensor
Ranging
Calibration the 4~20mA
System Ranging
System Calibration 4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus • Install the Cables
• Check out the cable installation
• Install the Devices
• Check the device installation
• Install the DCS
• Assigning the I/O
• Calibration the Sensor
• Ranging
• Calibration the 4~20mA
• System Ranging
• System Calibration 4~20mA
Commissioning Process Comparison.
6 6 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus
4-20mA
P.S.
fieldbus
P.S.
Test
Report
Distance and connection Quantity
Tools
Checking of cable installation.
7 7 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA Install the Cables
Check out the cable installation
Install the Devices
Check the device installation
Install the DCS
Assigning the I/O
Calibration the Sensor
Ranging
Calibration the 4~20mA
System Ranging
System Calibration 4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus • Install the Cables
• Check out the cable installation
• Install the Devices
• Check the device installation
• Install the DCS
• Assigning the I/O
• Calibration the Sensor
• Ranging
• Calibration the 4~20mA
• System Ranging
• System Calibration 4~20mA
Commissioning Process Comparison.
8 8 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Install the Device
Distribution
Block
Cable
Power supply
/ Conditioner
Foundation Fieldbus
Host
FF field
devices
9 9 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA Install the Cables
Check out the cable installation
Install the Devices
Check the device installation
Install the DCS
Assigning the I/O
Calibration the Sensor
Ranging
Calibration the 4~20mA
System Ranging
System Calibration 4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus • Install the Cables
• Check out the cable installation
• Install the Devices
• Check the device installation
• Install the DCS
• Assigning the I/O
• Calibration the Sensor
• Ranging
• Calibration the 4~20mA
• System Ranging
• System Calibration 4~20mA
Commissioning Process Comparison.
10 10 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Assigning the I/O
Foundation fieldbus devices are recognized by three
mechanisms: a traditional node address for communication, a
human readable device tag corresponding to the project P&I
diagram, and a unique identifier allowing the system to
automatically resolve any tag or address conflicts.
The system automatically assigns the address to all devices,
avoiding human errors such as address duplication associated
with manually managed protocols, and saving time.
Therefore technicians work based on tag and need not be
concerned with address.
Thanks to the unique identifier, multiple devices can be
connected and commissioned at the same time.
It is plug-'n'-play.
11 11 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
4~20mA Install the Cables
Check out the cable installation
Install the Devices
Check the device installation
Install the DCS
Assigning the I/O
Calibration the Sensor
Ranging
Calibration the 4~20mA
System Ranging
System Calibration 4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus • Install the Cables
• Check out the cable installation
• Install the Devices
• Check the device installation
• Install the DCS
• Assigning the I/O
• Calibration the Sensor
• N/A
• N/A
• N/A
• N/A
Commissioning Process Comparison.
12 12 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
No range mismatch
Unit downloaded when device is replaced
Transmitter Positioner
FF FF
BUS
FF
CTRL
CPU
CPU
CPU
Digital Digital Digital
Transmitter
Range
0-800 kPa
System
Range
0-400 kPa
8 mA Process
200 kPa
Reading
100 kPa
...alarms and trips
not working
AI
Unit
Unit
AO
Unit
Unit
Commissioning Process Comparison.
4~20mA
Foundation Fieldbus
13 13 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Why Foundation Fieldbus
The global process industry loses $20
billion, or five percent of annual production,
due to unscheduled downtime and poor
quality.
ARC estimates that almost 80 percent of
these losses are preventable, with 40 percent
largely due to operator error.
Source ARC Insight June 10 2010
15 15 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Commissioning Issues
Fieldbus Device Commissioning
Physical Layer commissioning.
16 16 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Lower Cost & Faster
Traditional: 2 hours / device for
2 technicians
(Calibration) – Attach device
– Verify 4-20 mA signal • five points
– Verify link to control strategy
– Check device parameters with
handheld
Foundation fieldbus: 25
minutes / device for 1
technician (Remote) – Attach device
– Drag-and-drop
commissioning wizard
– Compare configuration
faster on computer
•Devices are
auto-recognized
•Devices are
auto-addressed
•Devices identify
themselves
Plug-n-Play
Only FF has
automatic
addressing
17 17 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Fieldbus Maintenance Made Easy: Device Commissioning Wizard
18 18 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Fieldbus Maintenance Made Easy: Protective Decommission
Removing device in
an orderly fashion – “Safely remove
hardware”
Temporary removal – To remove for
calibration etc. with
intention to put back
into same place soon
after
Permanent removal – To remove for
replacement etc.
Control-in-the-field
does not mean just
“simple” PID
19 19 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Easier FF Device Commissioning and Replacement
Commission or replace
device without touching
the software
System automatically logs
process in background
Automatic
configuration
reconciliation
with device
database
Automatic
configuration
download
View details in
historian and
log
20 20 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Common issues
Check DD file
Check ITK version
Check if HIST done
Check if the device listed at www.fieldbus.org
22 22 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Collaboration with NAMUR
Using the power of FOUNDATION Fieldbus, and considering NAMUR requirements, the new standard diagnostic profile aim to: – Standardize the integration of diagnostic information – Guarantee valuable information to the user
23 23 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Diagnosis results must be reliable
Diagnosis results must always be viewed in the context of the application.
Internal diagnosis must be categorized into 4 standard “status signals”
Configuration must be free, as reactions will depend on the user's requirements
Detailed information can be read out by the device specialist
NAMUR NE107: Self-Monitoring and Diagnosis
of Field Devices
24 24 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Namur - Diagnostic categories
Maintenance Required The output from the device is
valid but the wear reserve is nearly exhausted or function
will be restricted due to operational conditions
Out of Specification Measurement uncertainty, or
output position deviation, is greater than expected due to
deviations in ambient or process conditions.
Function Check Output invalid due to ongoing work on the device
Failure Output is invalid due to a malfunction in the field device
25 25 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Distribution of information
Maintenance
Required
Out of
Specification
Function
Check
Failure
Output is valid
Measurement is
uncertain
Ongoing work on the
device, output invalid
Wear reserve is
exhausted
due to deviations in
ambient conditions.
Output is invalid malfunction in the field
device
OPERATOR
INSTRUMENT
TECH
26 26 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Mapping to FF Quality Status & Block Error bits
Maintenance
Required
Out of
Specification
Function
Check
Failure
Output is valid
Measurement is
uncertain
Ongoing work on the
device, output invalid
Wear reserve is
exhausted
due to deviations in
ambient conditions.
Output is invalid
malfunction in the field
device
INSTRUMENT TECH
GOOD
UNCERTAIN
OUT OF SERVICE
BAD
NEEDS MAINT SOON
NEEDS MAINT SOON
NEEDS MAINT NOW
QUALITY STATUS BLOCK ERROR
OPERATOR
27 27 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Intelligent Field Devices - A Rich Source of Diagnostics
28 28 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Commissioning Issues
Physical Layer commissioning.
29 29 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Fieldbus Life Cycle Benefits
Plan and Installation Reduction in cost for wiring, barrier, marshalling rack and Junction box Reduction in cost for control system - I/O interface Reduction in cost for power supply unit and number of cabinets Reduction in control room size
Operation Increased information for better operation Improved accuracy of measurement & control Enhancement in control function and the performance Fewer Process Upsets ( Reduced Emmissions) Improved throughput (Sustained Operations, Increased PM interval)
Maintenance and Improvement On-line diagnosis enables true preventive maintenance.( Increased
Reliability) Reduction of instrument stock for maintenance (Man-hour reduction in
Maint.) Increased Asset Intelligence Methods to Enhance Variable cost
Management
Installation Operation Maintenance Improvement Plan
30 30 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Typical problems
Improperly closed housing
Loose wire
Internally modified
Error log showing
intermittent faults
Interoperability testing
by end user
Electro-magnetic interference
Faulty field device Cable degradation Wrong termination
31 31 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Need for diagnostics
• Field study by installation and commissioning
Engineers around the world shows that more
than 80% of the plant disturbances come from
the physical layer level be it conventional
4-20mA applications or Fieldbus applications.
• Unless the engineers sufficiently trained for
Fieldbus applications the most common
mistakes are made at the physical layer level
such as wiring faults, wrong termination etc.
32 32 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Asset/Resource System Influencers
• Maintenance Cost Reduction Drives End Users
• 40% of Mfg. Cost is Maintenance
• 50% of Maintenance Is Corrective
– 10 times More Costly Than Preventative Maintenance
• Preventative Maintenance is Done 25% of Time
– 5 Times More costly Than Predictive Maintenance
• 60% of Preventative Maintenance is Unnecessary
• What has been largely missing up to now is timely,
relevant, and accurate information
From ARC Independent Research
33 33 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Segment
Protectors FieldBarrier
Fie
ld D
evic
es
Fie
ld D
evic
es
Fie
ld D
evic
es
Junction Boxes Terminator Surge
Protec.
Surge
Protect.
Fie
ld D
evic
es
Fieldbus
Process
Interfaces
Complete Interface
Power
Supplies
Surge
protection
34 34 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Commissioning issues
• Simple wiring checks and validation tools
From ARC Independent Research
35 35 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
– Always on the critical path
– Manual, step-by-step procedure
– Labor intensive
– Requires
• Screw driver
• Check sheet
• Pencil
• Multimeter
• Oscilloscope
– Connect one device at a time
– Disconnect after testing
Test Report
Commissioning in the Past.
36 36 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
A portable tool for commissioning, monitoring,
troubleshooting and printout.
Portable Commissioning Tool
38 38 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
What parameters to look for
– External power
– Fieldbus Output Power
– Fieldbus Segmetn current
– Grounding and shielding
– Communicaiton quality ( jitter) of segment and
devices
– Signal amplitude
– Noise of segment and deivces
– Waveform of the semgent
– Terminators
39 39 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Commissioning in the past
– Always on the critical path
– Manual, step-by-step procedure
– Labor intensive
– Requires
• Screw driver
• Check sheet
• Pencil
• Multimeter
• Oscilloscope
– Connect one device at a time
– Disconnect after testing
Test Report
40 40 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Simple Commissioning Steps with ADM
– Verify address setting
– Wire up devices in the right location
– Check shielding
– Activate communication
– Use automated work procedures
• Testing
• Documentation
– All devices at once
– Wiring remains undisturbed! Commissioning Wizard
Test
Report
x
41 41 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
One Plant Asset Management – Includes fieldbus now as asset
– Customary look and feel
– Reduces required training
– Reduces potential for errors
Open Architecture Integration: – AMS Suite
– PRM
– FieldCare
– FieldMate
– PACTware
– OPC Interface
Commissioning now via DCS
42 42 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Example Commissioning via DCS Asset management
Diagnostics at
DCS Station
Rela
y c
on
tact
op
tio
nal)
RS485
Industrial Switch
Intrinsically Safe
High power Trunk
23V,
360mA
Advanced Diagnostics
43 43 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Example Commissioning via DCS Asset management
PRM Alarm window view
PRM Network view
Segment-specific status of the physical layer
ADM status view with PRM TAG
FF-Segment
FF-Host
44 44 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Example Commissioning via DCS Asset management
Diagnostic Bus
FF H1
Ethernet to RS-485
converter DeltaV
Power Hub
with ADM
Diagnostic
Manager
AMS
Suite
45 45 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Example Commissioning via DCS Asset management
FieldConnex
Diagnostic Server
Diagnostic Manager
AMS Alert
Adapter AMS Alert
Monitor
Commissio
n Monitor
Diagnose
Summar
y
Alarms
communicate
46 46 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Example Commissioning via DCS Asset management
Physical Layer
Message
Single-Click launch
to view all details
47 47 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Diagnostic Bus
Up to 62 modules
Fieldbus
Diagnostic Server
FDS
Ethernet
RS 485 COM-Converters
Fully integrated
Local on same PC or
Remote via Ethernet / Web / TCP/IP
Example Commissioning via DCS Asset management
48 48 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Commissioning Wizard
With Expert System Support – Takes snapshot
– Identifies wiring erros
– Ensures compliance with
AG181 and IEC 61158-2
– Recommends limits for ADM
messages
– Stores limits in non-volatile
memory
Automatic Tag Readout
Creates baseline report: – Snapshot of all measurements
– Complete documentation
49 49 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Online monitoring
Clean layout shows boundaries – Displays measurement values
– Highlights violations with color coding:
– Issues diagnostic messages
Good value
Maintenance required
Out of specification
50 50 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Diagnostic Menu
Expert System delivers
clear text information for
fast fault finding 1 Active messages
2 Actionable information
with solution guideance
based on expert system
3 History with timestamps
When the failure… … occured
… disappeared
– Export function for
external analysis and
storage
1
2 2
3
51 51 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Online trending and history
Monitoring – Reveals long term changes
– Exports into many formats
52 52 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Built-in fieldbus oscilloscope
ADM provides expert tools
for fast fault finding – For diagnosing complex scenarios
– For the fieldbus expert
– With fieldbus specific triggers
– Captures up to 10 shots in a row
54 54 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
54
Bad wiring technique
Welding, variable frequency drives (VFD),
Motors, machinery:
Increase of HF noise
Increasing number of retransmissions
Can be a combination of both
55 55 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Practical Example
In this example the frequency of noise was
approx. 150Hz
7 ms
56 56 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Automated Pre-commissioning Saves Time
Case Study with cost comparison for pre-
commissioning: – 4…20 mA
– Fieldbus
– Fieldbus with Advanced Diagnostics
Case Study – Specifications
Number of instruments 1,200
Number of segments 100
Instruments per segment 12
Hours per work day 8 hours
Mean time to repair (MTTR) a
fault
4 hours
Pre-commissioning is
defined as work steps taken
to install and validate the
hardware configuration and
the physical layer.
Source: Fieldbus Testing with Online Physical Layer Diagnostics
Technical White Paper available from Pepperl+Fuchs Part No: 198636
57 57 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Automated Pre-commissioning Saves Time
Task 1 of 2 Model 4-20 mA
Fieldbus
without
diagnostics
Fieldbus with
Advanced
Diagnostics
Constructional checks:
Time/Unit 5 min 10 min Not required
Units 1200 loops 100 segments Not required
Total Time 12½ days 2 days 0
Construction failures (1%):
Time/Unit 4 h MTTR 4 h MTTR Not required
Units 12 loops 1 Trunk,
12 Spurs Not required
Total Time 6 days 6 ½ days 0
Source: Fieldbus Testing with Online Physical Layer Diagnostics
Technical White Paper available from Pepperl+Fuchs Part No: 198636
58 58 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Automated Pre-commissioning Saves Time
Tasks 2 of 2 Model 4-20 mA
Fieldbus
without
diagnostics
Fieldbus with
Advanced
Diagnostics
Pre/commissioning
instrument checks:
Time/Unit 10 min 60 min 8 min
Units 1200 loops 100 segments 100 segments
Total Time 25 days 12½ days 1.6 days
Pre/commissioning failure:
Time/Unit 4h MTTR 4h MTTR 4h MTTR
Units 0.5% =
6 loops
0.5% =
1 segment
1.5% =
2 segments
Total Time 24 h =
3 days
4 h =
½ day
8 h =
1 day
Totals 46.5 days U 21.5 days U 2.6 days U
59 59 Successful Implementation & Improved Operation
Conclusion – Physical Layer
– Advanced Diagnostics tools for for physical layer
reduced physical layer commissiong time and
provided online monitoring and reporting system that
saves CAPEX and OPEX – Most problems at early bus installations were due to poor installation.
However, simple, user-friendly, Fieldbus testers are now available,
allowing the installation crew to easily check the wiring, and the device
commissioning crew to check network operation, spotting any problems
early
– Many contractors and Technicians are trained and are skilled in Fieldbus
installation and commissioning, and have the test equipment and in-
house procedures to ensure reliable operation