Committing to Electric Drive: 1975-2011

David Mayfield, Principal

Sustainable Transportation Strategies

Portland, Oregon

david.mayfield@comcast.net

Presented at:

“Getting Plugged In: Electric Drive Community Readiness Training”

for Clean Cities Coordinators

June 27, 2011

Indianapolis, Indiana

What Experts Say About Portland’s

EV Market Ranking

� #1 Demographics

� #5 Roll-out Plans

� #15 EV Attitude

� #23 Metro Size

Source: Pike Research

Oregon’s Reputation:

� Environmentally Conscious

� Innovative

� Early Adopters

Factors Contributing to Oregon’s EV

Readiness

1. Historical Environmental Ethic

2. History of Innovative Transportation Choices

3. 35 Years of Compact Urban Growth

4. Supportive Regulatory Environment

5. Collaboration of Key Stakeholders

Groundwork for Transportation

Electrification: 1970s

� Gas Crisis

� Air Quality Violations

� Governor McCall Rejects National Land Use Trends: “rampage of suburbia

…threaten to mock Oregon's

status as the environmental

model for the nation.”

1970s: Senate Bill 100

� Created Compact Urban Growth

� Protects Farms and Forests

� Requires State/Local Collaboration

1970s: Freeway Revolt

• Harbor Freeway removed in 1976 to make way for Waterfront Park

• Citizens Stop Mount Hood Freeway; Funds Diverted to Electric Light Rail Transit

1980s: Portland Metro’s First Electric

Light Rail Route Opens

2001: Electric Street Cars Return

Historic Streetcar Lines

Portland Streetcar and Aerial Tram

1990s: Portland Metro’s 2040 Plan

Creates Focus on Urban Centers

� Portland Central City

� Regional Centers

� Town Centers

� Station Communities

� Connecting Corridors

Compact Urban Development

• Transit-Oriented Development for Housing and Jobs

• Increased Value of Land & Improvements

• Increased Pedestrian and Bike Trips

• Reduced Reliance on

Automobile

Increased Urban Density and Street

Vehicles

� Density Lowers VMT

� Reduces Vehicular Speed

� Adds More Cars Compared to Light Trucks, Vans, SUVs

18

24

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

DV

MT

/ P

ers

on

Portland Only Portland-Vancouver U.S. National Average

Sources: Andy Cotugno, Portland Metro; Danilo Santini, Argonne National Laboratories

Urban Density and

Average Vehicular Speed

Source: Santini, Danilo et al, Where is the Early Market for PHEVs? World Electric Vehicle Journal 2008

Urban Density and Vehicle Class

Source: Santini, Danilo et al, Where is the Early Market for PHEVs? World Electric Vehicle Journal 2008

Small, Efficient EVs

for High Density Urban Areas

Green Light Motors

Segway Nissan

Brammo

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

2.0

e+10

2.5

e+10

3.0

e+10

3.5

e+10

4.0

e+10

4.5

e+10

Annual CO2 Equivalent Emissions

All Vehicle Efficiency & Fuels Scenarios

Year

Pounds C

O2 E

quiv

ale

nts

Med Lt Veh EffHigh Lt Veh Eff

EV & High Lt Veh EffEV & High All Veh EffEV, High All Veh Eff & Low Carb Fuel

PHEVs and BEVs: Essential

for Oregon’s Greenhouse Gas Reductions

1. Technological Advances

2. Land Use Form

3. Pricing

Ranking of Factors Contributing to GHG Reductions:

Source: Brian Gregor, ODOT

Higher Urban Density

Projected to Increase PHEV Use

0 10 20 30 40 50

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Electric Vehicle Travel by Average PHEV Electric Range

As Applied to Survey Households

Assume 100% Market Penetration

Average PHEV Electric Range in Miles

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f L

igh

t V

eh

icle

Mile

s U

sin

g E

lectr

icity

0.380.41

0.46

0.52

Persons Per Square Mile

50

30075015003000

700017000

30000

Average

Source: Brian Gregor, ODOT

Oregon’s Regulatory Environment

� Tax Credits for HEV Sales Until 2010

� Helped HEV Sales

� Decision Factor for Half Who Used Subsidy

� Tax Credits for BEVs, PHEVs, and Charging Stations

� New Legislative Session

� End Most Tax Credit Subsidies

� VMT Tax For EVs

2008/2009 Activities

� PGE Deploys Charging Stations

� State Tax Credits for Vehicles and Charging Stations

� Governor’s Working Group Issues EV Policy Recommendations

� Portland State University and PGE Begin Series of EV Road Map Conferences

2010 Activities

� Formation of Drive Oregon

� PUC Investigates Utility Role in EV Infrastructure Deployment

� Creation of Smart Grid Oregon

� PGE Installs First Publicly Available Fast Charger

2010-2012: Oregon Participates in

EV Project

� Deployment Guidelines

� 10-Year Plan for Public Charging Stations

� 2-Year Plan for Public Charging Stations

� First EVSE Installed in 2011

2011: Recent Developments

� Oregon DOT

� 8 Fast-Charging Stations Along I-5

� Up to 20 More Fast-Charging Stations

� Portland Auto Show Features PHEVs, BEVs & Charging Stations

� Portland Metro Allocates $500K to Facilitate EV Adoption

Oregon Stakeholders Provide Right Mix

for EV Cluster

� Private Industry� Manufacturing� Design� Construction

� Government� Economic Development� Transportation� Energy� Environmental Quality� Numerous Regional and City Governments

� Utilities� NGOs� Universities