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COMMON DISORDERS COMMON DISORDERS OF THE EYEOF THE EYE
Presentation by
Beverley Baily
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Central Coast Day Hospital
2012
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE SESSION
PARTICIPANTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
ATTAIN KNOWLEDGE ON THE BASIC ANATOMY OF THE EYE
UNDERSTAND SOME OF THE COMMON DISORDERS OF THE EYE
OBJECTIVES cont’dOBJECTIVES cont’d
DEVELOP AN INTEREST IN THE CURRENT TREATMENTS AVAILABLE FOR EYE DISORDERS
ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE OF SERVICES AVAILABLE FOR THE VISUAL IMPAIRED
ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFELIFE
Eye changes occur as we get older.Permanent vision loss need not be a part of
ageing.The majority of eye conditions that affect
older people are painless and progress slowly over many years.
Most eye conditions affecting older people can be treated.
ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFELIFE
Regular eye checks, early detection and medical intervention can help to restore vision or prevent further vision loss.
People aged 35 and over are encouraged to have regular eye checks.
ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFELIFE
Your eyesight is your most valuable sense. Protect your eyes.If you experience a gradual or sudden loss of
vision, seek medical advice immediately.
CATARACTCATARACT
DEFINITIONA cataract is a clouding of the normally
clear lens inside the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy, light rays cannot pass easily through.
CATARACTCATARACT
SYMPTOMSVision becomes blurred, both for near and
distance objects. Sensitivity to glare in bright sunlight. Distortion or ghosting of images may also
occur. Colour vision can be decreased.
CATARACTCATARACT
CAUSEAge is the most common cause, but cataracts
can also occur in babies and children. They may develop as a result of injury or eye
disease.They may be associated with medical
conditions such as diabetes.
CATARACTCATARACT
CAUSEBoth smoking and exposure to sunlight
increase the risk of cataracts.Cataracts are not a growth or film over the
eye and are not caused as a result of overusing the eye or eyestrain.
You generally can’t see your cataract in the mirror.
CATARACTCATARACT
TREATMENT In the early stages of cataract, glasses or
contact lenses can help correct minor visual problems.
When vision is seriously impaired, the most effective treatment is to surgically remove the affected lens and replace it with an artificial lens.
CATARACTCATARACT Most surgery is performed on a day-only basis
under local anaesthesia, with sedation.There are many variations in technique, the most
common being phacoemulsification surgery. The cataract is removed through a very small,
secure opening about 3mm in length, with implantation of an intra-ocular lens specifically chosen to match your eye.
CATARACTCATARACT
FOLLOW UP CAREYour eye may be covered or protected for one night. A plastic shield at night may be required for a few extra nights depending on the surgeon.You will have a follow up appointments for review by your surgeon, usually the next day and over the following weeks.
CATARACTCATARACT
You will be able to function normally from Day 1, but strenuous activities
must be avoided for some weeks.You will have eye drops prescribed to use as instructed by your surgeon.Your new intra-ocular lens will restore your
distance vision that you had before the cataract developed.
CATARACTCATARACT
Over the post-operative review period glasses will be prescribed for your new eye, particularly to help with reading vision.
AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DEGENERATION
DEFINITIONAge Related Macular Degeneration causes
loss of central, detailed vision. People may notice that straight lines appear distorted or wavy or that reading becomes increasingly difficult.
AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DEGENERATION
SYMPTOMSStraight lines appear wavy or distorted.Reading and any activity that requires fine
vision becomes increasingly difficult.Distinguishing faces becomes a problem.Dark patches or empty spaces appearing in
the centre of vision.
AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONDEGENERATION
EARLY DETECTION IS IMPORTANTIn its early stages it may go unnoticed.Symptoms should never be dismissed as part of “just getting older”.Detecting changes early allows you to take
steps to slow down the progression.
AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONDEGENERATION
TREATMENT
Dry Macular DegenerationThere are currently no treatments to reverse the macular degeneration. However, supplements, diet and lifestyle changes may be effective.
AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONDEGENERATION
TREATMENT
Wet Macular Degeneration. There is no cure, however the following methods are providing a greater opportunity for many in saving sight and keeping as much vision for as long as possible.
AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONDEGENERATION
TREATMENTAnti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
(VEGF) intravitreal injections – eg. Lucentis and Avastin.
Laser photocoagulation.Diet, supplements and lifestyle.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHYDIABETIC RETINOPATHY
DEFINITIONDiabetes causes damage to blood vessels in
the retina, which may lead to loss of vision.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHYDIABETIC RETINOPATHY
RISK FACTORSPeople who have had diabetes for a long period.Diabetics with high blood pressure.People with high sugar levels.Poorly managed diabetes.Diabetics who become pregnant.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHYDIABETIC RETINOPATHY
SYMPTOMSBlurred, distorted or patchy vision that can’t
be corrected with glasses.Problems with balance, reading, watching
television and recognizing people.Overly sensitive to glare.Difficulty seeing at night.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHYDIABETIC RETINOPATHY
TREATMENTAnnual eye checks to pick up early signs of
damage.Control blood-glucose levels and make sure
the diet is low in fat.Once vision has been affected, seek
treatment to prevent progression.
GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA
DEFINITIONGlaucoma is the name given to a group of eye diseases in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed.In most people this damage is due to increased pressure inside the eye.
GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA
Other damage may be caused by poor blood supply to the optic nerve, a weakness in the structure of the nerve and/or a problem in the health of the nerve.
GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA
SYMPTOMS
Chronic glaucoma (primary open-angle)Is known as the “sneak thief” of sight and
can result in a slow and painless loss of vision, with side vision being affected first.
GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA
Acute glaucoma (angle-closure).Rapid increase of pressure inside the eye due to a blocked drainage system causing pain, nausea, blurred vision and redness of the eye.
GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA
RISK FACTORSFamily history of glaucomaDiabetesMigraineShort sightedness (myopia)Long sightedness (hyperopia)Eye injuries
RETINAL DETACHMENTRETINAL DETACHMENT
DEFINITIONRetinal detachment is a separation of the
retina from the back of the eye.
RETINAL DETACHMENTRETINAL DETACHMENT
RISK FACTORSSevere myopia (short sighted). Retinal tears. Trauma.Family history.Complications from cataract surgery.
RETINAL DETACHMENTRETINAL DETACHMENT
SYMPTOMSDecreased visionFeeling of looking through a veil or curtainFlashes and floaters
RETINAL DETACHMENTRETINAL DETACHMENT
TREATMENTPhotocoagulation (Laser).Surgery.
• Vitrectomy.• Indirect Laser or Cryotherapy.• Insertion of Gas, Silicone Oil or Heavy Liquids.
CENTRAL COAST DAY HOSPITAL CENTRAL COAST DAY HOSPITAL NURSING AND ADMINISTRATIONNURSING AND ADMINISTRATION
REFERRAL AGENCIESREFERRAL AGENCIES
Central Coast Day Hospital www.ccdhospital.com.au
Telephone: 02 43673880
Sydney Eye Hospital
Telephone: 02 9382 7111
REFERRAL AGENCIESREFERRAL AGENCIES
Glaucoma Australia
www.glaucoma.org.au
Telephone: 02 9906 6640
Guide Dogs NSW/ACT
www.guidedogs.com.au
Telephone: 02 9412 9300
REFERRAL AGENCIESREFERRAL AGENCIES
Macular Degeneration Foundation
www.mdfoundation.com.au
Telephone: 1800 111709
Vision Australia
www.visionaustralia.org
Telephone: 1300 84 7466