Common Errors in Spoken English 2012 for Masjid Negara

7/30/2019 Common Errors in Spoken English 2012 for Masjid Negara

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Common Errors in Spoken English

ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 1

COMMON ERRORS IN SPOKEN ENGLISH

OBJECTIVE

By the end of this course participants will be more aware of Englishpronunciation, articulation, intonation and the rhythm patterns ofEnglish.

Content:

Phonetics

Word Stress

Common errors in spoken English


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 2

Task 1

Look at the pair of words below. Say them loudly. Can you hear the difference?

Vowel

1. chip - /p/ cheap - /i:p/2. bed - /bed/ bad - /bd/3. pot - /pt/ port - /p:(r)t/4. full - /fl/ fool - /fu:l/

Consonants

Say the words loudly. Which do you find difficult?

1. pin - /pn/ bin - /bn/

2. cap - /kp/ cab - /kb/

3. train - /tren/ drain - /dren/

4. coat - /kt/ goat - /gt/

5. back - /bk/ bag - /bg/

6. price - /pras/ prize - /praz/

7. sell - /sel/ shell - /el/

8. lease - /li:s/ leash - /li:/

9. treasure- /tre(r)/ casual - /kl/

10. sheep - /i:p/ cheap - /i:p/

11. cash - /k/ catch - /k/

12. fail - /fel/ veil - /vel/

13. leaf - /li:f/ leave - /li:v/

14. vest - /vest/ west - /west/

15. ear - /(r)/ hear - /h(r)/

16. tin - /tn/ thin - / n/

17. tank - /tk/ thank - /k/

18. sheet - /i:t/ sheath - /i:/


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 3

19. taught - /t:t/ thought - /:t/

20. breeze - /bri:z/ breathe - /bri:/

21. close - /kls/ clothe - /kl/

22. size - /saz/ scythe - /sa/23. day - /de/ they - /e/

24 doze /dz/ those - /z/

Words Commonly Mispronounced

Look at the following pairs of words. Say them aloud. Can you hear thedifference between them?

A. Vowels

1. Sheep ship 7. bean bin

2. bread Brad 8. said sad

3. cup carp 9. hut heart

4. cot caught 10. spots sports

5. pull pool 11. fool full

6. walker worker 12. what ward

B. Diphthongs

1. tell tail 9. pepper paper

2. heart height 10. red raid

3. all oil 11. ball boil

4. brew brow 12. grass grouse

5. fern phone 13. work woke

6. caught coat 14. bought boat

7. bead beard 15. pea pier

8. tear tear 16. hear hair


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 4

Key to Phonetic Symbols

Vowels and diphthongs

1. i: as in see /si: /2. as in sit /st/3. e as in ten /ten/4. as in hat /ht/5. : as in :rm /:m/6. as in got /gt/7. : as in saw /s:/8. as in put /pt/9. u: as in too /tu:/10. as in cup /cp/

11. : as in fur /f:r/12. as in ago /g/13. e as in page /pe/14. as in home /hm/15. a as in five /fav/16. a as in now /na/17. as in join /jn/18. as in near /nr/19. e as in hair /he(r)/20. as in pure /pj(r)/

Consonants

1. p as in pen /pen/2. b as in bad /bd/3. t as in tea /ti:/4. d as in did /dd/5. k as in cat /kt/6. g as in got /gt/7. as in chin /n/8. as in June /u:n/9. f as in fall /f:l/10. v as in voice /vs/11. as in thin /n/12. as in then /en/

13. s as in so /s/14. z as in zoo /zu:/15. as in she /i:/16. as in vision /vn/17. h as in how /ha/18. m as in man /mn/19. n as in no /n/20. as in sing /s/21. l as in leg /leg/22. r as in red /red/23. j as in yes /jes/24. w as in wet /wet/

/'/ represents primary stress as in about /'bat //,/ represents secondary stress as in /,kdemk/(r) An r in parentheses is heard in British pronunciation when it is

immediately followed by a vowel-sound.Otherwise it is omitted. In American pronunciation an r of the phoneticspelling or of the ordinary spelling is omitted.

/-/ Hyphens preceding and/or following parts of a repeated transcriptionindicate that only the repeated part changes

A full explanation of the phonetic information is given in Using the Dictionarysection in the OALD.


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 5


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 6

Phonetics: Task 2

a. List the words below according to the sounds.

bean bit pack bin bet bad Puck Ben bat bud

park ban but bard bun Bart beat bid peck beadbarn pick peak

1 2 3 4 5 6

/i:/ // /e/ // // /:/

b. List the words below according to the sounds.

Polly fall could wooed Paul full cooed word Pearl poolcord furl cod fool ward would folly curd what pull

1 2 3 4 5

// /: / // /u: / /: /

c. List the words below according to the sounds.

isle point bay phone loud Ow! rice ale found aboutoil Oh! pint paint Royce load now buy no boyrace a boat

1 2 3 4 5

/e/ /a/ // /a/ //


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 7

Task 3


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 8

Task 4


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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 9

Task 5

Phonetic sound differentiation

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

8

9

Across

2 (4)

4 (4)5 (3)

6 (6)

8 (6)

9 (5)

Down

1 (3)

2 (4)

3 (6)

5 (4)

7 (4)

8 (5)
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ECSC/DZ/2012 Page 10

Task 6


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Task 7

Words that look alike are not always pronounced in the same way. Which ofthese pairs of words rhyme?

1. cough - rough 6. dough - though

2. bough - tough 7. fought - thought

3. pint - mint 8. great - meat

4. pear - dear 9. fear - hear

5. thief - chief 10. achieve - sieve

Look in the dictionary to see if you are right.

Task 8

Match the words with the phonetic symbols.

a. hum i. /ht/

b. ham ii. /hp/

c. hen iii. /ht/

d. high iv. /hen/

e. hot v. /ha/

f. hat vi. /hm/g. hope vii. /h/

h. here viii. /hm/

Task 9

A. Walk or Work /:/ or /:/

Decide which sounds is in each word

WalkTurkeyTalkingPaulShirtsBirdBurnSportsWorm

WorkWoreShirleyPearlShortsPortWorst

AwfulWarm


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B. The Carp and the Worm /:/ or /:/

Heart

HurtMarchBernieParkDirtyBarGuitarFur

Perth

PathSardineSurgeonSurnameDarkBurstMurkyScarf

C. Consonants: /l/ or /r/

Look at the following pairs of words. Say them aloud. Can you hear thedifference between them?

Limb

Lot

Spool

Light

Free

Rim

Rot

Spoor

Right

Flee

Berry

Jelly

Raw

Bowling

climb

Belly

Jerry

Law

Boring

Crime

Task 10

Transcribe the following passage.

:strelns prnans s:n sands dfrntl frm iglppl. hrz

st:r ws. n glshmn n :strel wz tkn tu: hsptl

nkns ftr mt ksdnt. h hd knkn, bt wz nt

waz srsl h:t. nekst de h rkved knsns, nd wz

r: fra:tnd bat hs kndn. s wen n:s kem n h :skt,

hv a bn br:t h tde? sed, jestda.


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Task 11: COMMON ERRORS

Transcribe the following words.

Pronunciation Spelling Pronunciation Spelling1 bfe 21 : (r)

2 bke 22 bekn

3 bri: 23 br

4 24 n (r)

5 dedketd 25 h:mn

6 rend 26 kenl

7 p:ps 27 mr

8 bl 28 ld

9 emprs 29 k: (r)

10 elu:m 30 w:we

11 pi:ts 31 prnans

12 f: 32 fntk

13 ri: 33 fntk

14 kli:g 34 ntr:15 test 35 rezvw: (r)

16 tel 36 vin

17 pep 37 mljne(r)

18 pras 38 brs (r)

19 lez 39 mal

20 prnnsen 40 gzekjtv


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Task 12

Below are some commonly mispronounced words. Transcribe them.

Pronunciation Spelling Pronunciation Spelling

1 mplmnt 21 inf smnt

2 k n 22 m tndaz

3 dist t 23 regjltr

4 hetri nis 24 knsstnt

5 dvelpmnt 25 dmestk

6kmplans

26ndstri

7 kli g 27 kspens

8 dav st 28 ntrprn (r)

9 si z 29 prtekn

10 nf s 30 prsi(r)

11 prft 31 ktgr

12 mrkt 32 v stal

13 fknlt 33 prdju s

14 mnfesten 34 edju l

15 rek d 35 pras

16 pars 36 mpkt

17 sens(r) 37 flktuen

18 red 38 mten

19 enttenmnt 39 entk

20 kspensv 40 smnz


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Task 13


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Tongue Twisters

1. Betty bought a bit of butter that Betty bought was bitter. To make the

bitter butter better Betty bought a bit of better butter.

2. How many cookies could a good cook cooks if a good cook could cookcookies? A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook whocould cook cookies.

3. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper a peck of pickled pepper waspicked by Peter Piper.

4. Mr KnoxKeeps his socks

In a pale pink chocolate boxTheyre orange socksWith spots

And clocks

5. She sells seashells by the seashoreThe shells she sells are surely seashellsSo, if she sells shells on the seashoreIm sure she sells seashore shells

6. Through three cheese trees three free fleas flewWhile these fleas flew, freezy breeze blewFreezy breeze made these three trees freezeFreezy trees made these treess cheese freezeThats what made these three free fleas sneeze

7. I thought a thoughtBut the thought I thought wasnt the thoughtI thought I thought


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SUMMARY: WORD STRESS RULES

l. Stress on first syllableMost 2 syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the first syllable:

e.g. BUTter PRETty

2. Stress on last syllableMost 2 syllable verbs have stress on the last syllable

e.g. beGIN proDUCE

3. Stress on penultimate syllable (2nd.last)

Words ending in 'ic':e.g. STAtic realistic

Words ending in 'sion' and 'tion':e.g. teleVIsion soLUtion

4. Stress on anti-penultimate syllable (third from the end)

Words ending in 'cy' 'ty' 'phy' 'gy'e.g. deMOcracy reliaBIlity

Words ending in 'al':e.g. CRitical ecoNOmical

5. Polysyllabic words (words with many syllables)

These usually have more than one stress, i.e. a 'primary' and 'secondary'stress:

e.g. interNAtional antibiOticOften they contain a prefix which has a secondary stress.

6. Compound words (words with 2 parts)

If the compound is a noun, stress the first part:e.g. GREENhouse BLACKbird

If the compound is an adjective, stress the second part.e.g. bad-TEMpered old-FASHioned

If the compound is a verb, stress the second part.e.g. underSTAND overLOOK


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WORD STRESS

Task 14

Read the rules for Word Stress. Work in a group. Look at the following words.Identify the stressed syllable, come up with a rule and practise saying the wordswith the correct stress placement.

ramification biology geography recognition

photography conflict prodigal career

electricity psychic cooperation relativity

psychotic present sociology record

characteristic radiology democracy ecology

philosophy recrimination society rarity

atmosphere appreciation illegal bureaucracy

determination negotiation uniformity scientific

similarity sympathetic calendar facilitator

colleague computer government development


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Task 15

Words often have a different stress pattern when they have a differentgrammatical function. Therefore the pattern is a grammatical signal for thelistener. Listen and practise these words.

Verb Noun

inFORM inforMAtion

SPEcialise specialiSAtion

exPORT Export

Now complete the columns below and underline the most stressed syllable.

Verb Noun

present ....................

examine ....................

.................. production

reduce ...................

................ record

insult ...................

Noun Adjective

history .................

................. secretarial

analysis ....................

................. political


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Task 16


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Task 17


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ECSC/DZ/2012 P 23

Task 18

Common wrongly stressed words. Complete the table.

Wrong Way Right way

1. rmtik

2. knddets

3. k:mt

4. kmpettz

5. emens

6. eksmnen

7. ntvl

8. reprsentetv

9. sps

10.lstren

11. mstret

12.klend

13.permi:t

14.klk

15. skses

16. sembl

17. devlpmnt

18. lms

19. nl

20.mne

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Common Errors in Spoken English 2012 for Masjid Negara

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