Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Transportation Safety Highway Safety Plan Compiled and Prepared by Clinton H. Simpson, Jro Research Analyst and Roni Rob ins Research Assistant (A Report Prepared by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council Under the Sponsorship of the Department of Transportation Safety Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council (A Cooperative Organization Sponsored Jointly by the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation and the University of Virginia) Charlottesville, Virginia September 1978
Transcript
Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Transportation Safety Highway Safety Plan
Compiled and Prepared
by
Clinton H. Simpson, Jro Research Analyst
and
Roni Rob ins Research Assistant
(A Report Prepared by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council Under the Sponsorship of the Department of Transportation Safety
Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council (A Cooperative Organization Sponsored Jointly by the Virginia Department
of Highways and Transportation and the University of Virginia)
Charlottesville, Virginia
September 1978
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I EIGHWAY SAFETY PLTuN Sb•f•tARY
PART ii OVERALL STATEWIDE PROBLEM ANALYSIS
PART III OVERALL STATEWIDE GOALS
PART IV PROGR•M STRUCTURE
.PART V PROGRAM MODULES
NHTSA Modules
Planning and Administration Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspection Motor Vehicle Registration Education Driver Licensing Emergency Medical Services Police Traffic Services Pupil Transportation Safety Motorcycle Safety Codes and Laws Traffic Courts Alcohol In Relation To Highway Safety Traffic Records Pedestrian Safety Debris, Hazard Control and Cleanup Accident Investigation and Reporting
FHWA Modules
Identification and Surveillance of Accident Locations--- Highway Design, Construction and Maintenance Traffic Engineering Services Pedestrian Safety
Accidents by Years Secondary System Years 1967-1976 Summary of Virginia Vehicle Registrations, Operators, and Accidents Summary of the Types of Vehicles Involved in Accidents Accident Summary by Locality Type Accident Summary Road Defect-Related Accidents Accident Summary Motor Vehicle Defect-Related Accidents Alcohol-Related Accident Summary Drinking Drivers Alcohol-Related Accident Summary Drinking Pedestrians Motor Vehicle Registrations Licensed Operators and Chauffeurs Billions of Vehicle Miles of Travel Motorcycle Registration Total and Fatal Motorcycle Accidents Highway Accident Rate Trends in Virginia Highway Injury Rate Trends in Virginia Highway Death Rate Trends in Virginia Total Motor Vehicle Accidents Total injury Accidents Fatal Accidents and Fatalities Pedestrian Injuries Pedestrian Fatalities Types of Vehicles Involved in Total Urban Accidents Automobiles,
Trucks and Truck-Trailers, Buses, Motorcycles and Others Types of Vehicles Involved in Total Rural Accidents, Automobiles,
Trucks and Truck-Trailers, Buses, Motorcycles, and Others Types of Vehicles Involved in Fatal Urban Accidents Automobiles,
Trucks and Truck-Trailers, Buses, Motorcycles and Others Types of Vehicles Involved in Fatal Rural Accidents Automobiles,
Trucks and Truck-Trailers, Buses, Motorcycles and Others Kind of Locality Road Defects by Defect Type Motor Vehicle Defect-Related Accidents Total Accidents Motor VehicleDefect-Related Accidents Fatal Accidents Motor Vehicle Defect-Related Accidents Personal Injury Motor Vehicle Defect-Related Accidents Property Damage Accidents Total Motor Vehicle Defect-Related Accidents by Accident Classes Alcohol-Related Accidents Driver's Condition Total Accldents Alcohol-Related Accidents Driver's Condition -Fatai Accidents Alcohol-Related Accidents Driver's Condition Personal Injury
Commonwealth of Virginia Highway Safety Program Structure Flowchart for State and Local Submissions of Highway
Safety Plan Model State Highway Safety Organization Structure Selected Motorcycle Statistics The Number of Drinking Drivers Involved in Accidents
Page No.
IV-2
IV-3 IV-4 V-86 V-102
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PREFACE
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SAFETY
The 1978 session of the Virginia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 85,
which stated that effective July i, 1978, the Department of Transportation Safety
will become successor to the Highway Safety Division. Any reference to the High-
way Safety Division in this report should be acknowledged as being the same as
the Department of Transportation Safety.
A COMMENTARY ON THE FEDERAL REVIEW OF THE HIGHWAY SAFETY PLAN
This submission represents Virginia's first attempt at preparing a Highway
Safety Plan. As a result of this initial experience, deficiencies regarding
inadequate data for scientific problem identification, planning and evaluation
have been revealed. The Safety Section of the Virginia Highway and Transportation
Research Council has long recognized the necessity for baseline problem identifi-
cation data in traffic safety and •has responded to this need by conducting
several studies which are, in part, aimed at eliminating the aforementioned HSP
shortcomings. The reports, "Suggested Revisions to the Annual Highway Safety
Work Program In Virginia," and "Development of a Master File of Essential Highway
Safety Planning and Evaluation Data," are indicative of measures being taken to
establish a comprehensive automated file of highway safety data for problem
identification, planning, and evaluation.
It should be noted that staff members of the Council's Safety Section plan
to conduct a Highway Safety Plan Workshop for element directors of Virginia's
Traffic Safety agencies and representatives of the Commonwealth's Local Highway
Safety Commissions. The primary objectives of this meeting will be to review
problem areas in state and local HSP submissions, and to discuss planning/eval-
uation techniques which can be utilized to resolve problems and improve the
overall quality of the state's Highway Safety Plan.
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The Commonwealth of Virginia goes to great length to solicit inp• from
each of the Local Highway Safety Commissions •nd Traffic Safety agencies in
striving to present a reliable and accurate picture of the statewide highway
safety program. In order to comply with the new Highway Safety Plan reporting
guidelines in Volume 102, we have initiated transformation proceedings for the
AHSWP planning and programming techniques used by the above groups in preparing
their respective safety submissions. Neviewers of this document are asked to be
cognizant of the magnitude of this task and to temper their comments accordingly.
viii
NHTSA/FH•A Order 960-2/7510.:• February 24, 1978
HIGHWAY SAFETY PLAN SUMMARY
STATE OF Virginia
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH REQUIREMENTS OF 23 U.S.C. 402(b)(i)
I hereby certify that:
(a) The Governor is responsible for the administration of the State's highway safety program through the Dept. of Trans. Safety in accordance
(Name of State Agency) with Code of VA 2.1-51.24 Title 33.1ChDtr. \0dated April I0• 5978
(Statute, Executive Order, Directive)
(b) The political subdivisions of the State are authorized by Code of VA 2.1-51.24 Title 33.1 ChDtr.10dated April I0, 1978 to
(Statute, Executive Order, Directive) carry out local highway safety programs within their Jurisdictions as
a part of the State highway safety program if such local highway safety programs are approved by the Governor and are in accordance with the uniform standards promulgated by the Secretary of Transportation under 23 U.S.C. 402.
(c) At least 40 per cent,-, of all Federal funds apportioned to the State under 23 U.S.C. 402 for any fiscal year will be expended by the political subdivisions of the State in carrying out local highway safety programs authorized in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 402(b)(1)(B), except to the extent that this requirement has been waived by the Secretary of Transportation in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 402(b)(2).
(d) The aggregate expenditure of funds of the State and its political subdivisions, exclusive of Federal funds, for highway safety programs will be maintained at a level which does not fall below the average level of such e•penditures for Fiscal Years 1965•and •E966.
(e) The State's highway safety program provides for a comprehensive driver training program which includes the elements specified i• 23 U.S.C. 402 (b) (1) (E)
NHTSA/FHWA Order 960-2/7510.3 February 24, 1978
through § 15.1-381 of the Code of Virginia (1950),as amended, (f) The State's highway safety program•rovides adequate and reasonable
access for t•e safe and convenient movement of physically handicapped persons, including those in wheelchairs, across curbs constructed or replaced after July i, 1976, at all pedestrian crosswalks throughout the State.
•,, ,i
•I• •'
(Of•icial Authol•iz•d by =he •ver•or) 5ireetor
•Tltle) ,-" August 2, 1978
(Date)
PART I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Virginia Highway Safety Plan (HSP) is an attempt to coordinate the
many diverse safety-related activities programmed for FY 1979 in the most cost
effective manner possible. The concept behind the HSP is that of state problem
identification and the implementation of a continuous comprehensive planning
program. Comprehensive planning for programmed safety activity, it is believed,
will promote a reduction in both the occurrence and severity of traffic acci-
dents, and thereby, increase the safety with which traffic can move across the
state's road systems.
This HSP outlines a comprehensive planning scheme for programmed high-
way safety measures over the next four year period. The plan identifies basic
problem areas; and delineates, in modular form, the activities which are
planned to counter each specific problem. At the same time, the plan strives
to maintain a degree of cohesiveness and compatibility necessary to achieve •
the central goal of increasing highway safety via the reduction in the occur-
rence and severity of traffic accidents.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT TRENDS
While traffic volume and the miles of vehicle travel continue to in-
crease, the accident, injury and death for practically all Virginia road systems
appear to be stabilizing at a lower rate (see Part II). The general patterns of
decline and stabilization in accident, injury and death rates over the past ten-
year period are attributable to a great many factors° One such factor is the
increasing use of the interstate system with its inherent safety advantages;
is has the lowest accident, injury and death rates of all road systems (Part I!,
Exhibits 18 through 20). Other factors include improved road conditions and
better vehicular equipment. The positive impact of safety programs of the
Department of Transportation Safety such as periodic motor vehicle inspection,
driver's education, public information and education, and others have also been a
significant factor in achieving this safety record.
STATEWIDE PROBLEMS, PROGRAM GOALS AND PLANNED ACTIVITY
The following discussion encompasses a synopsis of the problems, goals and
anticipated achievements associated with each of the Program Modules in this HSP.
PROGRAM MODULE 1
PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION
PROBLEM AREAS
The Department will continue to strive to have all commissions active in accord
with state and federal requirements via management and technical assistance programs
and a defined evaluation/reporting schedule.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
To aid in the accomplishment of the Planning and Administration goals, a
Highway Safety Plan will be compiled which is designed to provide the local and
state commissions sufficient information in all program standard areas by which
they can identify local highway safety problems and prepare their own HSP to
counter the problems. Also, advisory and informational highway safety notebooks
dealing with safety data regarding holiday travel and during adverse weather con-
ditions will be developed and made available to the public.
It is worthy to note there that it is the policy of the Department of
Transportation Safety to perform administrative evaluations on all planned projects
in all highway safety program areas. Where feasible, effectiveness evaluations are-
planned for certain safety activities.
PROGRAM MODULE 2
P•RIODIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION
PROBLEM AREAS
The duties relative to the Department of State Police inspection supply
room have increased to such a degree that it is impossible for present staff to
adequately handle them in conjunction with their obligations. In addition, pre-
sent clerical aid is insufficient to handle the increase work load. Due to our
continuous effort to upgrade the inspection program, a restructuring of current
data is necessary to provide the greatest possible benefits to the Department
and motoring public. In one year's time, the data developed should be used to
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i 0
ensure the optimal performance of the PMVl system as well as to evaluate defect
trends which may become apparent.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
Additional persons will be employed to organize, educate and implement
the inspection program. In addition, an increase in the number of inspection
stations, certified inspectors, and inspection supplies have been planned to meet
the growing needs of PMVl.
Virginia's PMVl program has been evaluated as being in 100% compliance
with federal standards. However, to expand the scope of •V•rginia's PMVl, the
present evaluation system will be expanded to include motorcycle/trailer and
rejection receipts. This will permit the supervision of an entire evaluation
of the PMVI program by sampling plan and computer program.
PROGRAM MODULE 3
MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION
PROBLEM AREAS
No problem areas were identified by the Division of Motor Vehicles Highway
Safety Plan Submission for FY 79.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
Activities planned in this include the continuation of titling and
registering of 100% of all Virginia motor vehicles prior to their operation
on the public roadways.
PROGRAM MODULE 4
DRIVERI• EDUCATION
PROBLEM AREAS
Following an in-depth review of the HSP submission in this program
area, it is apparent that state and local driver education administrators
feel that there is a need for expanding the current type of training and
instructional facilities in order to satisfy the student growth demand of
the program.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
Planned activity in this area includes the continuation and expansion
of the present driver education program:
(i) In addition to programs already in existence, a Virginia student
traffic safety p•ogram will be initiated. A Driver Education Pro-
gram shall be made available by local school division to all eligible
students. To implement the Driver Education Program, the following
are needed: ranges, simulators, communications, audio-visual aids,
porta clinics, teaching aids, attendance at the VOTC driving training
instructors course and pursuit during itstructors course.
(2) The driver education service of the Department of Education in
conjunction with the Division of Motor Vehicles have designed a
method to analyze the driving history of students successfully
completing a state-approved driver education program to •valuate
the effectiveness of the program. Statistics showing the frequency
type of accidents and conviction are analyzed to determine if the
student involved and successfully completed a state-approved driver
education program. A report containing this information will be
provided to all school divisions.
PROBLEM AREAS
MODULE 4A
HIGHWAY SAFETY EDUCATION
The inability ef certain aspects of the Department's program to reach
highway safety oriented individuals as a result of their absence from spheres
of the education structure has been a problem of great concern.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
It is hoped that the goals of this area can be obtained through:
(I) The Highway Safety Training Center which conducts Emergency
Vehicle Operator's course curriculum and instructor training,
accident investigation recruit training curriculum development,
traffic accident investigation courses, local highway safety
commission workshops, conference and other activities.
(2) The conducting of safety belt programs, various programs to be
conducted by individual schools, and other safety programs that
should have a positive impact on the adult sector as well as the youth.
PROGRAM MODULE 5
DRIVER TESTING & LICENSING
PROBLEM AREAS
No problem areas were identified in the Division of Motor Vehicles,
Highway Safety Plan Submission for FY 79.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
The planned activity for Driver Testing and Licensing includes:
(i) Continuing the present driver testing and licensing and
driver improvement programs as well as expanding them.
(2) Conducting Medical Evaluation and Control Programs°
I-i0-
(3) Conducting Driver's Vehicle Registration and Control Programs.
(4) Performing an effectiveness study on the Virginia Automated Driver
Testing Project to evaluate the effectiveness of objective versus
subjective license examinations in fully automated, semi-automated,
and non-automated testing environments°
(5) Implementing an effectiveness study of written examination under
a waiver of the federal requirements that written examinations be
required of all drivers receiving licenses.
PROGRAM MODb•E 6
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
PROBLEM AREAS
The problem areas in this module encompass the following needs:
(i) Additional personnel with F•IT-A, Cardiac EMT and lay instructor
training as well as the required addition training programs to
prpvide the necessary skills.
(2) Directed efforts toward ensuring proposed EMS communication net-
works are compatible with the overall state communications plan.
(3) Providing technical assistance to the regional EMS systems.
(4) Development of secondary transport especially air transport
where beneficial, with the cooperation of the State Police.
(5) Incorporation of first aid training programs of public safety per-
sonnel such as policemen or firemen who are usually the "first
r esponder o"
(6) Finalizing a format for regional ambulance standard run forms to
coQrdinate EMS record keeping with the State Health Department°
(7) Providing consumer information and education on emergency medical
care.
I-Ii
(8)
(9)
Obtaining•:•eciprocity agreements regarding advanced llfe support
training certification with surrounding states.
Maintaining staff personnel to implement a comprehensive state-
wide Emergency Medical Service System that will set minimum
standards and ensure that all EMS regional systems are integrated
for comprehensive medical care to citizens of the Commonwealth.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
Projects have been planned:
(i) To assist regions in analyzing manpower and instructional
deficiencies: developing training programs, increasing the number,
of EMT instructors, providing continuing education for EMT instruc-
tors, developing curriculum and certification procedures for EMT
paramedics.
(2) To assist communications:providing technical assistance to the
EMS regions in the development of communication plans, informing
hospitals and ambulance agencies of EMS communications and access
codes, developing communications guidelines for the establishment
of central resource hospitals and purchasing necessary communication
equipment.
(3) To develop a comprehensive aeromedical evacuation system.
(4) To provide public information on EMS through public information
campaigns on EMS.
(5) To aid EMS regions in determining priority areas for upgmading
emergency medical transport services.
(6) To make available to EMS proxiders new procedures and necessary
equipment.
1-12
(7)
(8)
(9)
To promote the incorporation of the state minimum data set in
ambulance run forms and to educate ambulance agency and emergency
room personnel on the use of the standard BLS record.
To obtain reciprocity agreements regarding advanced life support
training certification with neighboring states.
To maintain staff personnel to develop and implement a comprehensive
statewide EMS system.
PROGRAM MODULE 7
POLICE TRAFFIC SERVICES
PROBLEM AREAS
The problem areas of this standard include:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Vacancies in the number of authorized police personnel.
Need for modernization of the radio system to provide better
communication to State Police personnel.
Need for better police communication devices with motorists.
Need of patrol cars to be •quipped with moving radar units to combat
speed violators as speeding violations often result in accident
situations.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
The problem areas of this standard include the following needs:
(i) Additional police personnel employment to reach full strength by
July !, 1978.
(2) Modernization of the State Police communication system; better
equipped patrol cars that possess better radio systems, CB radios,
a PA system, electric sirens and larger 360 ° lights of greater
intensity.
(3) Moving radar units for each patrol car.
1-13
PROBLEM AREAS
PROGRAM MODULE 7A
POLICE TRAFFIC SERVICES (LOCAL)
The lack of sufficient enforcement at selected crash prone locations
and enforcement tools comprise the problem areas at the local level.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
Planned activity for this safety area includes the purchase of needed
enforcement aids.and eq.•ipment. In addition to this, the Department of Trans-
portation Safety has also responded to another key need of the local law enforce-
ment agencies by developing Selective Traffic Enforcement Programs (STEP) manuals
and by conducting training seminarsto assist localities in formulating selective
enforcement programs.
PROGRAM MODULE 8
PUPIL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY
PROBLEM AREAS
The following problems were cited for this standard safety area:
(I) Need for the implementation of a formalized school bus driver training
program in all localities.
(2) Need for a reduction in the number of accidents and personal injuries
occurring on school buses.
(3) Need for a reduction in the number of standees on a school bus.
(4) Need for a continuous review of spee_ific-ations and standards due to
changes by manufacturers as a result of federal standards and request
for special types of buses for exceptional students.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
Planned activity for Pupil Transporataion Safety includes:
(i) Continuing development and improvements of the Virginia School Bus
Driver Curriculum Guide.
(2) Regional school bus driver training instructor workshops°
1-14
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PROBLEM AREAS
Implementation of a safety awards program.
Curriculum materials for school bus passengers and safety patrol programs.
Study and assessment of laws and regulations affecting pupil transportation.
The purhcase of equipment and communication aids.
PROGRAM MODULE 9
MOTORCYCLE SAFETY
Concomitant with a growth in the number of motorcycles on the state's roads
has been a trend of rapid increase in the number of crashes injuries and fatalities
involving motorcycles.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
The following actions have been planned for Motorcycle Safety:
(i) Increasing the number of schools teaching motorcycle operator training°
(2) Continuing to sponsor motorcycle informational training programs.
(3) Prc•iding two additional motorcycle traffic direction units.
This part of the Highway Safety Plan discusses Virginia's goals and
objectives for the current year and planning years as documented in the
Program Modules (Part V). The overall statewide goals represent the cumulative
attainment of Program Module goals established for identified problem areas.
III-I
PROGRAM MODULE 1
PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION
The immediate and future goals of the Department are:
(i) To sponsor safety programs which will aid in the development
of a comprehensive and administratively adept network for crash
r educ t ion.
(2) To administer a balanced Highway Safety Program with emphasis
on those areas which have been proven to provide the greatest
crash and fatality reduction.
(3) To strenghten the problem identification and data analysis
capability.
(4) To reduce all traffic accidents which are attributable to poor
highway safety practices throughout the state.
PROGRAM MODULE 2
PERIODIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION
To make the PMVI system as effective as possible, it is necessary:
(i) To revise the inspection regulations so that they conform to
legislative requirements and other updated safety standards.
(2) To provide additional training for mechanic and field super-
visors as well as additional stations to meet the demand of
increased motor vehicle registrations°
(3) To employ additional personnel such as a storekeeper supervisor
and clerks to meet the growing needs of the PMVI system.
(4) To restructure computer program data in order to be of additional
assistance to the inspection program.
111-2-
(5) To continue inspection of 100% of all registered vehicles,
except those exempted by gubernatioral proclamation,so as
to reduce the number of vehicles on the state's roads that
are mechanically defective.
(6) To reduce the number of mechanically defective vehicles in-
volved in all reportable accidents.
PROGRAM MODULE 3
MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION
At present goals in the ar•a of motor vehicle registration include:
(i) Improving of response times, content and quality of vehicle
records.
(2) Minimizing the amount of time required by law enforcement
personnel to apprehend traffic violators and crime suspects.
(3) Promoting•a system whereby•vehicle manufacturers can identify
owners of vehicles with safety defects for recall.
(4) Reducing the number of deaths, injuries and the amount of
property damage caused by traffic law violators whose privileges
have been or should have been revoked, or suspended as a result
of previous conviction and/crash involvement.
(5) Continuing to title and register 100% of all Virginia motor
vehicles prior to operation on the public roadways.
PROGRAM MODULE 4
DRIVER EDUCATION
The goals of this safety standard area are:
(i) To increase the number of students enrolled in a state driver
education program°
111-3
(2) To offer state-approved driver education programs to adult and
out of school youth, the handicapped as well as VASAP, commercial
and driver improvement program participants.
(3) To accept the responsibility at the state level for providing
leadership in directing coordinating, supervising, and promoting
the state-approved program.
(4) To provide funding to those localities demonstrating the need
for the construction of driving ranges and the pruchase of
simulators, porta clinics, information audio-visual aids,
instructional aids and other needed equipment.
(5) To reduce the number of licensed student drivers who were con-
victed of traffic offenses after successfully completing the
state approved program
(6) To reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents through the education
and training provided by driver education programs.
PROGRAM MODULE 4A
HIGHWAY SAFETY EDUCATION
The foremost goals of this standard are:
(i) To continue to provide Highway Safety Programs to the public
as deemed necessary and feasible by the constituency.
(2) To impact traffic accident statistics through the improved
training and education of those individuals who are concerned
with the promotion of the statewide highway safety effort.
PROGRAM MODULE 5
DRIVER TESTING AND LICENSING
Goals for this standard area include:
111-4-
(i) Continuing testing of all prospective new license holders
and renewers.
(2) Reducing printed record turnaround time.
(3) Improving the quality of all record information including the
Driver History File.
(4) Reducing the time required to process insurance forms for
proof of financial responsibility, crash reports and identifi-
cation of all vehicles owned by a driver.
(5) Minimizing the number of accidents and concurrent damages by
preventing unqualified persons from becoming drivers and
removing drivers who fail to maintain qualification standards.
PROGRAM MODULE 6
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
The goals in this module include providing for the following needs:
(I) Additional personnel with EMT-A, Cardiac EMT •nd lay instructor
training as well as the required additional training programs to
provide the necessary skills.
(2) Directed efforts toward ensuring proposed EMS communication
networks are compatible with the overall state communications
plano
(3) Tehnical assistance to the regional EMS programs.
(4) Development of secondary transport especially air transport
•where beneficial with the cooperation of the state police°
(5) Incorporation of first aid training in training programs of
public safety personnel such as policemen or firemen who are
usually the "first responder" to the accident scene.
111-5-
(6) Finalizing a format for regional ambulance standard run forms
to coordinate EMS record keeping with the State Health Department.
(7) Providing consumer information and education on emergency medical
care
(8) Obtaining receprocity agreements regarding advanced life support
training certification with surrounding states.
(9) Maintaining staff personnel to implement a comprehensive statewide
Emergency Medical Service System that will set minimum standards
to ensure that all EMS regional systems are integrated for the
comprehensive medical care of citizens in the Commonwealth.
PROGRAM MODULE 7
POLICE TRAFFIC SERVICES (STATE)
To impact traffic accident statistics through strict enforcement of
the national 55 mile per hour speed and other traffic safety laws, the
following are required:
(I) Employment of additional police personnel to bring the State
Police Department to full capacity.
(2) Purchase of additional speed detection equipment.
(3) Modernization of police communication system.
MODULE 7A
POLICE TRAFFIC SERVICES (LOCAL)
The immediate goals set for this standard are•
(i) To provide the local police agencies with highway safety
enforcement aids.
(2) To reduce the number of contributory traffic crash violations
through the stricter enforcement which additional modern equipment
will permit. III-6
PROGRAM MODULE 8
PUPIL TRANSPORTATION
The present and future goals for Pupil Transportation are:
(i) To review and revise,where necessary, the total School Bus
Driver Training Curriculum Guide.
(2) To promote the implementation of the School Bus Driver Training
Curriculum Guide in localities.
(3) To hold regional workshops to train local instructors in the
techniques of using the in-service portion of the School Bus
Training Curriculum Guide.
(4) To increase the amount of school bus driver instruction for
at least 75% of new school bus drivers and all veteran school
bus drivers.
(5) To assist schools with the planning of training programs and
training materials.
(6) To continually review and clarify specifications and standards
due to changes by manufacturers as a result of federal standards
and request for special types of buses for exceptional students.
(7) To continually revise specifications and standards to conform
to the Board of Education and laws of Virginia thereby increasing the
safety and protection for all passengers and school bus drivers
as well as the motoring public.
(8) To minimize the number of standees on school buses.
(9) To decrease the number and severity of accidents through
increased instruction for school bus drivers°
111-7
PROGRAM MODULE 9
MOTORCYCLE SAFETY
Goals for Motorcycle Safety are:
(i) To increase the number of secondary schools teaching the state-approved
Motorcycle Safety Education Program.
(2) To continue to sponsor as well as implement other motorcycle safety
training programs, schools and courses resulting in an increase of
trained motorcycle instructors and trained motorcycle operators.
(3) To purhcase the necessary motorcycle safety education program materials
such as textbooks, workbooks and instructional materials.
(4) To provide two additional motorcycle traffic direction units.
(5) To encourage localities to further examine their motorcycle crash
records in'attempting to identify problems at the local level and to
seek the appropriate solutions.
(6) To impact motorcycle accident statistics through education and operational
training.
PROGRAM MODULE I0
CODES AIND LAWS
Codes and laws immediate
(i)
(2)
(3)
(4)
priorities are:
To revise, reprint and distribute the Code of Virginia to local officials.
To encourage adoption of traffic ordinances that are compatible with
the Code of Virginia in 100% of the localities.
To produce Model Traffic Ordinances for the localities.
To formulate a practical handbook of traffic laws for enforcement
officers.
III-8
PROGRAM MODULE 11
TRAFFIC COURTS
The goals for this standard area encompass:
(I) Implementation of an educational program designed to explain the current
highway problem areas in order to elicit support in solving these
problems through the judicial process.
(2) To sponsor judicial seminars in!All regions of the Commonwealth
resulting in the effective operation and management of the judicial
system in concordance with the statewide highway safety efforts via
the education of traffic court personnel in pertinent aspects of
highway safety activity.
PROGRAM MODULE 12
ALCOHOL IN RELATION TO HIGHWAY SAFETY
Highway safety-officials have long recognized that.the.drinking driver
presents a particular threat to safety. To impact accident statistics, the
following goals are being promoted in this standard area.
(i) To increase the number of DUI offenders apprehended.
(2) To increase the total number of breath and blood tests administered
by enforcement agencies.
(3) To increase the number of referrals to local VASAPs by the court.
(4) To include the entire state's population in operational or planning
participation of an alcohol-related safety program°
(5) To fully implement a statewide client information system with
regular statistical reports to local programs.
(6) To improve utilization of a computer operated statewide client
tracking system°
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(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
To standardize and refine program organization and operation.
To ensure local VASAPs will be self-supporting via defendant fees.
To decrease the recidivism rate of all DUI's arrested in the state°
To increase the public's knowledge of alcohol information in relation
to highway safety.
To reduce the number of alcohol-related traffic accidents.
PROGRAM MODULE 13
TRAFFIC RECORDS
Goals for this standard area are:
(i) To fund, design, and implement a centralized accident file that
intergrates the highway safety information including accident,
drivers• vehicles and location •hich is available •to authorized
officials.
(2) To produce information products from the central accident reporting
system to provide state and local governments specific data and
summary statistics required to fulfill operational requirements
and support the highway safety program°
(3) To develop a statewide accident locator system.
(4) To implement an effective system to evaluate traffic records and
highway safety systems in operation.
(5) To improve data entry to provide more timely, accurate and complete
information.
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PROGRAM MODULE 14
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY
Goals for Pedestrian Safety include:
(2)
(3)
Implementation of various educational programs aimed directly at schbol
children as well as the public in general.
To scrutnize and update programs already in existence.
To impact pedestrian accident statistics through education and public
information.
PROGRAM MODULE 15
DEBRIS• HAZARD CONTROL AND CLEANUP
The goals delineated in this module include:
(i) To continue to provide assorted equipment in order to reduce the
number of accidents due to prior crash debris and the number of
accidents and deaths caused by prolonged hazardous removal of persons
from automobiles.
(2) To complete the problematic model which will pinpoint these areas
which accidents involving vehicles carrying hazardous materials are
likely to occur.
(3) To develop a program to provide information for the handling of
hazardous materials.
PROGRAM MODULE 16
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
The recognized goals for this module include:
(i) Determining the accident data needs •of enforcement agencies and to
implementing procedures to gather the req=ired data.
(2) Additional training of local personnel in accident investigation
and reporting°
(3) Providing the local personnel with the proper investigation and
reporting equipment° !II-Ii
PROGRAM MODULE 17
IDENTIFICATION AND SURVEILLANCE OF ACCIDENT LOCATIONS
Rail-Highway Crossings Sec. 203
Goals for this section include:
(i) To fill existing personnel vacancies which will facilitate the imple•
mentation of this program and improve the inventories essential to a
viable program.
(2) To continue to select crossings to be recommended for the addition of
automatic protection as well as other improvements.
(3) To update all at-grade rail highway crossings to .•com•ly with M LTTCD
standards.
(4) To actively encourage a more unified federal and state format by
supporting state legislation conducive to rail highway crossings for
improvements.
(5) To eliminate accidents at rail-highway grade crossings which are
attributable to physical deficiencies.
Pavement Markings Sec. 205
Goals promoted for the Pavement Marking Section are:
(I) To produce new and upgraded markings and messages to conform with the
latest federal and state requirements.
(2) To prepare a series of annual evaluations which will aid in projecting
what may be expected when specific pavement markings are installed.
(3) To continue efforts to institute a new, more effective reporting
format.
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Elimination of Roadside Obstacles
(4) To continue studying existing contract items and to demonstrate the
need to combine local projects making it more attractive for competitive
bidding.
(5) To integrate the same efficiency in urban areas as is incorporated
on the state system through cooperative efforts with local governments.
Sec. 210
The goals for this section are:
(I) To inventory and prepare for submission all high volume, accident
prone highway areas.
(2) To evaluate each type of improvement to determine those most cost
effective.
(3) To computerize all fixed object accidents for data retrieval.
(4) To provide traversable and redirectional capabilities on roadways
where funding permits in order to reduce the incidences of off road
accidents.
(5) To obtain a uniform accident locator system.
(6) To computerize accident data on secondary road system.
(7) To computerize all fixed object accidents so that specific data can
be retrieved•
(8) To improve selection process on secondary system which presently requires
approval at local levels that are assigned specific amounts of funding
and must set priorities not always consistent with projects recommended
for safety improvement.
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High Hazard Locations Sec. 209
Goals for this area include:
(i) To revise and upgrade computer programs.
(2) To develop a forecasting technique that better reflects Virginia's
trends.
(3) To evaluate formats for the selection of "potential hazards."
(4) To continue to analyze locations to ensure the most needed improvements
are implemented.
(5) To continue developing a priority list of High Hazard Locations on
the•interstate System.
(6) To upgrade program in order that specific geometrics can be assigned
accident histories.
To obtain a uniform accident locator on all secondary roads°
To computerize accident data on secondary roads.
To improve selection process on secondary system.
(7)
(8)
(9)
General
The general solution goals are:
(I) To expand evaluations of each project under programs of the Highway
Safety Act.
(2) To draw on past effectiveness reports to obtain a valid and statistically
reliable comparison of similar improvements.
(3) To prepare new improved forms for evaluation purposes.
(4) To determine effectiveness of individual improvements.
(5) To reduce time turnover between the time of the accident to the time
data is available retrieval.
(6) To analyze an entire evaluation process to ensure any new requirements
are implemented in future reports°
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PROGRAM MODULE 18
HIGHWAY DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
Highway Design, Construction and Maintenance goals include (i) the
purchase of impact attenuators replacement parts, as well..,•.as (2) to support
projects that will decrease accident, injury and death rates through adequate
design, construction and maintenance of all Virginia roadways.
PROGRAM MODULE 19
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SERVICES
The highlighted goals of this module are:
(i) To continue to maintain and promote uniformity of traffic control
devics in the state.
(2) To install Traffic Control Devices where deemed necessary.
(3) To continue training and research in this field.
(4) To purchase the necessary engineering support equipment.
(5) To ensure the full and proper application of modern traffic engineering
principles and uniform standards for traffic control needed to reduce
the severity and occurrence of all traffic accidents.
PROGRAM MODULE 20
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY
The goals promoted are:
(i)
(2)
(3)
To minimize environmental hazards in attempting to protect pedestrians°
To identify high pedestrian accident locations and implement appropriate
countermeasures.
To support and implement various highway safety programs aimed to
impact pedestrian accident statistics.
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(4) To reduce the number of vehicle-pedestrian accidents including fatalities,
personal injuries, and property damage which are attributable •o insufficient
facilities in areas of high volume pedestrian traffic and to poor walking
habits and/or attitudes.
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PART IV
PROGRAM STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
The following exhibits provide a management framework for assembling the
highway safety program activities into logical, manageable groups for state and
local implementation. As such, they illustrate interrelationships among highway
safety activities and identify requirements for interagency coordination and
organizational responsibilities.
IV-I
CO•O•E•TH
EXHIBIT 32
OF VIRGINIA HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM STRUCTURE
•/////7//////•
IV-2
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PART V
PROGRAM MODULES
* State Action Programs: Modules 1-8 & 17-20 * Problem Solution Programs: Modules 9-16
Th• module format for the programs noted above are based on the guidelines in Chapter II of Volume 102. Due to the nature of the program classification scheme, the format for module composition varies for State Action and Problem Solution Programs. Readers of Part V of the HSP should be cognizant of this factor in offering review comments.
PROGRAM MODULE I
PLANNING & ADMINISTRATION
PROGRAM STATUS
In complying with the requirements of Public Law 89-564, 89th Congress
• 3052, September 9, 1966, that ". each state shall have a highway safety
program approved by the Secretary of Transportation to reduce traffic accidents
and deaths, injuries and property damage therefrom and that such programs shall
be in accordance with uniform standards promulgated by the Secretary," Virginia
established the Highway Safety Division.
The Highway Safety Division of Virginia began operations August i, 1968,
with the Director assuming his responsibilities on that date and the Assistant
Director joining the organization November i, 1968. The Division is responsible
for carrying out the State's Highway Safety Program by encouraging, stimulating•
and developing highway safety programs and activities throughout the state.
Since the inception of the organization, highway safety commissions have been
established in every locality and safety projects have been, or are being, con-
ducted in almost every locality in the state. For example, for fiscal year 1979,
the Division received a total of 122 local and i0 state Highway Safety Plan sub-
missions requesting in excess of $6 million in federal funds for various highway
safety programs and projects to be conducted throughout the state. The number
of submissions received represents a tremendous participation in Virginia's
Highway Safety Program. This is particularly .noteworthy since all participants
were utilizing the "Problem Identification/Management by Objectives" approach in
compiling their submissions.
The 1978 session of the Virginia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 85,
which stated that effective July i, 1978, the Department of Transporatation
Safety will become successor to the Highway Safety Division. The duties of the
Department will include highway, air, rail, water and mass transit safety. In
the immediate future, however, the emphasis of the Department will continue to
be focused primarily on highway safety. Once the role and responsibility
of the Department are precisely clarified, a more equitable apportionment of
time and program activities will be developed.
In carrying out its responsibility for highway safety, the Department's
staff is designed to incorporate the services of ten full-time area coordinators
whose job is to help the local highway safety commissions develop loca• highway
safety programs. In addition, information officers disseminate public informa-
tion, utilizing media pertinent to the highway safety program. The Department
also supports the state's Crash Investigation Team and the Highway Safety Train-
ing Center and Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program.
The Code of Virginia authorizes the Director of the Department of Trans-
portation Safety, subject to the approval of the Governor, to contract for the
use of the facilities of any appropriate state agency for purposes of evaluation
and traffic accident prevention. If in the judgement of the Governor an additional
facility is required, a center may be established in an existing state agency.
On July i, 1969, the then Highway Research Council at Charlottesville
created the Safety Section, a new evaluation group within the Council structure,
to conduct evaluation projects for the Highway Safety Division. This relationship
was secured by memorandum of agreement between the Director of the Highway Safety
Division and the State Highway Research Engineer. Safety Section staff members
are organized into five functional elements of evaluation: (i) Highway Safety
Programs, (2) Behavioral, (3) Legal, (4) Engineering and Information Systems,
and (5) Alcohol. Safety research activities will be modified to encompass the
needs of the Department of Transportation Safety.
In striving to reduce the mortality, morbidity and property damage of
traffic crashes, the Department of Transportation Safety will sponsor various
programs in the upcoming fiscal year. The ensuing Program Modules reveal that
the Department is active in all highway safety program areas and depict the
numerous projects sponsored by Transportation Safety.
Problem Area
The Department will continue to strive to have all commissions active and
in accord with state and federal requirements via management and technical
assistance programs and a defined evaluation/reporting schedule.
Short-Ranse Objectives
(A) To sponsor programs in all highway safety program/problem areas
which will aid in the development of a comprehensive and administra-
tively adept network for crash reduction.
(B) To administer a balanced Highway Safety Program with emphasis on
those areas which have been proven to provide the greatest crash
and fatality reduction.
(C) To strengthen the problem identification and data analysis capability
of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Lon$-Ranse Goals
(A) To reduce the number of traffic crashes including fatalities, personal
injuries and property damage, which are attributable to poor highway
safety practices throughout the state.
(B) To reduce the Commonwealth's highway fatality rate to no more than
1.8 persons per I00 million miles of travel by 1981.
Task Narratives
Tasks i and 2 are considered to be self-explanatory.
Task 3 This activity is designed to provide commissions sufficient
information in all 18 standards by which they can identify local highway safety
problems and prepare their own HSP to correct theproblemso
Task 4 This undertaking involves the development of advisory and
informational ,•notebooks dealing with safety data regarding holiday travel and
driving during adverse weather conditions. These notebooks are designed to be
used in a public information fashion and could be accessed by the news media,
civic groups and agencies concerned with safe travel during the holiday season
or poor climatic circumstances.
PROGRAM MODULE 2
PERIODIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION
PROGRAM STATUS
In 1932 inspection legislation was enacted in Virginia. The Superinten-
dent of State Police was delegated the authority by law to compel vehicular
inspections and to promulgate inspection regulations. Through constant reeval-
uation and supervision, Virginia has operated an effective and efficient pro-
gram since its inception.
•Ii Virginia registered vehicles, except those exempt under gubernatorial
proclamation, are required to be inspected either annually (only new model
motor vehicles) or semiannually. In 1977,6,810,814 inspections were performed
in this state. This was an increase of 5.2% over the previous year i.•
1977, 472,282 vehicles were rejected because of mechanical defects° This was
an increase of approximately 17.1% over the previous year.
These inspections are conducted by privately owned stations which have
been thoroughly investigated to determine that they are financially sound and
are established reputable mechanical businesses. The building must meet
Departmental minimum requirements and they must have the required essential
mechanical tools. As of January i, 1978, there were 3,265 parent inspection
stations in Virginia and 167 satallite locations, an accumulated total of
3,432 locations. This was an increase of 5.5% in inspection stations as
compared to 1976o
Each certified mechanic must be of good character and reputation. E•cTn person
must have one year's practical experience and receive inatruction in the
proper use of special equipment. The mechanic is required to be thoroughly familiar with
the inspection manual and must undergo and pass a written examination, displaying
his knowledge of the same. Each undividual must actually exhibit his ability to perform an
inspection, including the use of a headlamp aimer, in the presence of a
supervising trooper. The individual mus• also attend an annual inspection seminar c¢
ducted by the Department of State Police. In 1977 we certified into the
inspection program I•549 additional inspectors for a total of 12,820. This
was a 13.7% increase over the year 1976.
Complaints made against inspection stations are thoroughly investigated.
Any infraction of the general inspection requirements is appropriately handled
to prevent a recurrence. As a result of not adhering to our rules and regula-
tions, 53 inspection stations and 152 certified inspectors were suspended from
the program for an indefinite period in 1977.
In 1977 field members increased their inspection program involvement
time 10.4%. This increased effort (4,657 hours) of our members to properly
conduct investigations and adequately supervise inspection stations has elevated
public support to a premium. It should be noted that the Department continually
reviews and updates the inspection program in striving to enhance its scope
and effectiveness.
Due to continuous efforts to improve PMVI in Virginia and establish
higher rapport with the general public, the following achievements should be
noted.
A. Legislation 1977 Code of Virginia
i. Annual inspection for new model vehicles.
a. Except leased and for hire vehicles.
2. Boat, utility, or travel trailers without brakes are not
required to be inspected.
3. To be consistent with F•SS, the height requirement relative to
maker lights was deleted.
4. One or two flashing or steady-burning red lamps on one vehicle
of any member of a fire department, volunteer fire company or
volunteer rescue squad now perm•.tted.
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Legislation 1978 Code of Virginia
I. Annual inspection for new model motor vehicles amended to,
a. Entitle leased or for hire vehicles to same.
b. Exclude taxis from same.
c. Permit motor vehicle dealers to reinspect new model motor
vehicles after a thirty-day period provided the vehicle has
not been sold at retail.
(i) Except demonstrator vehicles.
Antique motor vehicles, licensed as such, will be exempt from
PMVI.
Valid .inspection stickers may be removed from broken windshields
and placed on new windshields.
Signs on windshields, etc. amended to permit:
a. Provided the motor vehicle is equipped with a mirror on each
side of such vehicle, so located as to reflect to the operator
a view of the highway for a distance not less than two hundred
feet to the rear of such vehicle.
(I) An optically grooved clear plastic right angle rearview
lens to be attached to one rear window of a motor vehicle.
(2) Stickers affixed to rear windows regardless of size.
(3) Sunshading material affixed to rear window.
(4) The operation of a motor vehicle when the driver's clear
view of the highway through the rear window is otherwise
obstructed.
(5) A single sticker no longer than a circle 4 inches in
diameter will be permitted under any circumstances.
Annual in-service training for certified inspectors.
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A copy of each inspection receipt is forwarded to State Police Head-
quarters by the inspection station. The receipt denotes the date of
the inspection, license number, make of vehicle, body type, year
Services Board, or Planning District Co•mission urge
local communities to consider an operational system.
(b) Assisting the local jurisdictions in undertaking a
planning phase to prepare an operating plan and budget.
(c) Assist in selecting an appropriate administrative agency
for fiscal control (e.g., community college, Mental
Health/Mental Retardation Services Board, or city or
county government.
V-108
Activites:
(a)
Activities:
(a)
(b)
OBJECTIVE:
STRATEGIES:
(d) Train selected staff in VASAP policies and procedures,
including visits to operating projects.
(e) Furnish grant for two-year period to enable projects
to accumulate sufficient fees to cover costs.
Conduct local field vistits:to:non-VASAP areas to encourage through
education and awareness of the problem the use of the VASAP concept.
Conduct two Statewide VASAP Directors Conferences to review and
update programmatic activities and continue the development and
review of training activities for local VASAP Directors and their
assistants.
To ensure each local VASAP will be self-supporting via
defendant fees.
(a) Conduct annual program review of each project.
(b) Ascertain that maximum fees are being collected.
(c) Enforce policy that projects must be covering costs
by the third year ar the very latest.
(d) Maintain management and fiscal supervision in accordance
with established standards.
Activities:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Conduct 24 program reviews, one per project, to ensure programmatic
effectiveness and efficiency with reference to the DUI client.
Develop and implement training programs for local directors in
field of administrative and fiscal management to ensure effect-
iveness and efficiency of projects.
Conduct 24 fiscal audits, one per project, to ensure fiscal
supervision is in accordance with state and federal standards.
V-•09
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OBJECTIVE:
STRATEGIES:
Activities:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fully implement a central client tracking system which
provides records to local programs on VASAP participants.
(a) Produce a manual of policies and procedures to be
followed by system users and operators.
(b) Train local users of the system in system operation
and procedures.
(c) M•intain a fully automated set of up-to-date records
on VASAP participants.
Conclude development and implementation of a VASAP Users Manual
to specifically instruct local projects on policies and procedures
to be followed.
Conduct four Regional Evaluation Workshops to continue the review
and education of local project personnel in the use of the tools
available and ensure proper implementation and continued operation
of system operation and procedures.
Conduct an updated review of the present automated system to
consider the most effective use and distribution of data to and
from local projects and the State Office, as well as to and from
other affected state and local agencies.
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Ill II III II III II III II III II III
II III II III II III II III II III II II
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f.
ALCOHOL IN RELATION TO HIGHWAY SAFETY
TASK NARRATIVES
Task 1 VASAP was created as a result of passage of House Bill 1662,
and later revised by Senate Bill 118, 660 and House Bill 1210. The program
is designed to encompass classification, education, rehabilitation and treat-
men• of the convicted drinking driver. Requested funds will help initiate
programs and supply needed equipment for the projects.
Task 2 Training Programs
A. General
(i) Judicial These are special training programs designed to offer
expert instruction to judges and prosecutors and federal
magistrates concerning judicial and prosecutorial ramifications
of VASAP operations and other pertinent highway safety data.
(•) Police Inst. Training This course has enabled police officers
to better recognize those drivers who have significantly high
BAC levels. It has increased highway safety by aiding in the
identification of these drivers on the public highways.
(3) Regional Community Workshops These workshops bring together
local representatives from a regional area of the state to discuss
program objectives and problems needing solutions. It is envisioned
that each community represented will leave the workshop with
ideas for a more effective program for dealing with the DUI
Qffender.
B. Specific
(_i) Conduct statewide chief case managers workshop to review and
update criteria, standards and training activities for case
managers.
1238 (2) Conduct five Regional Case Managers Workshops to provide training
and continued review and update of case management activities.
(3) Evaluation Conduct regional evaluation workshops with local
directors for procedures, forms and collection of data with regard
to local VASAPs.
(4) Administration Conduct management training and program develop-
men• workshops for all directors to increase their expertise
in management effectiveness and to share methods of program
development which will increase efficiency.
(5) Public Information Conduct regional public information workshops
with public information personnel to coordinate public information
efforts and explore and develop public information programs for
area and state.
Task 3 Conduct 24 program reviews, one per project, to ensure program
matic,effectiveness and efficiency with reference to the DUI client.
Task 4 Purchase of pre-test equipment, breathalyzers, and retraining
of police personnel sponsored by the Department of Transportation. Safety.
Task 5 Continuance of seminars for District and circuit judges, and pro
secutors in all aspects of VASAP.
Task 6 Continuance of training s•a.te and local police in detection•
apprehension and in all aspects of VASAP.
Task 7 This task is designed to provide the general populace with a
better understanding of VASAP.
Task 8 Funds requested will allow for the provision of various alcohol
exhibits at civic functions.
Task 9 This task is designed to provide highway safety literature
racks for Alcohol Beverage Control Board stores.
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1239
Task i0 The cause and effect of various drugs, and problem solutions
to the drug problem will be discussed by local, state and national experts.
Task II There are 13 t=aining classes planned for fiscal year 1979.
These classes will train approximately 335 new Breathalyzer operators. This
project will enable us to pay for meals, lodging and mileage for the instructors
who will teach these classes. The project will also help to pay travel
expenses for state personnel who must travel statewide setting up these classes.
Task 12 According to the policies and procedures of the State Health
Commissioner each officer who holds a Breathalyzer operators license must be
reevaluated and relicensed every sixteen months. This project is designed to
conduct 44 recertification classes for the pur.pose of recertifying 816 Breath-
alyzer operators and 51Breathalyzer instructors who hold valid licenses.
Task 13 This project will allow us to purchase needed Breathalyzer
replacemen• parts in order to keep some 191 field Breathalyzers in proper
working condition. The project will also enable us to purchase needed test
ampules for field operations, and 500 boxes for shipment of simulator test
solutions.
Task 14 The project will conduct 13 one-day pre-screening examinations
for Breathalyzer operators in various parts of the state• The project will
also pay for the travel expenses involved in recertifying 191 field Breath-
alyzer units.
Task 15 Currently Virginia law prohibits the driving of a motor vehicle
while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. This program will enable us to
continue to examine blood samples having an alcohol content below the DUI
presumptive level to determine if drugs are present.
Task 16 To support the designed program. To determine if drugs are
present in DUI blood samples.
Task 17 Video tape equipment, breath testing.devices and alcolyzers
in addition to those purchased by the Deaprtment of Transportation Safety will
be needed to aid in the apprehension of DUI offenders.
PROGRAM MODULE 13
TRAFFIC RECORDS
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Magnitude of Problem
Currently, the system linkage to provide the required information cor-
relations for highway safety research and program evaluation is incomplete.
Analysis of Problem
The Traffic Records Information System (TRIS) project began in August
of 197$. Phase I of this project produced a definition of functions which TRIS
would satisfy, a description of the current system, the unmet requirements and
duplicative processes. Phase II of this project was to provide a system design
for implementation, operation, and maintenance. The objectives of this project
were: (i) to improve operational effectiveness at the state and local level,, and
(2) to provide improved highway safety data. The project team consisted of a
full-time program manager from the Division of Automated Data Processing and
other full-time and part-time personnel from involved state and local agencies.
The program manager was to communicate to a Management Review Committee through
the program director, the Assistant Director of the Highway Safety Division.
As .of this writing, little activity is underway •o follow up on Phase I of the
TRIS project. Efforts must be made to inject interest in this area so that a
complete effectiveness evaluation of the highway safety program can be conducted.
PROBLEM SOLUTION NARRATIVE
The Management Review Committee is currently headed by the Governor's
Secretary of Transportation. Its membership includes the Commissioner of the
Department of Highways and Transportation, the Superintendent of State Police,
the Director of the Department of Transportation Safety, and a representative
of the Henrico County Police Department.
V-120-
The requirements were defined on the local level through a questionnaire
and personal interviews. On the state level a survey was made by the project
team. The Design Manual for States' Traffic Records System was used as an
initial guideline in the requirements definition.
Once defined and described, the individual requirements were accepted by
the Management Review Committee. Subject to approval by the Management Review
Committee a system design is proceeding, with an agreed objective and priority
definition, that will meet the defined basic TRIS ingredients (information,
procedures, and products) necessary to support the operational and administrative
requirements of the state and local agencies and the highway safety program of
the Commonwealth..
The areas to be addressed in keeping with the feasibility study and those
previously stated in the comprehensive plan are (i) a central accident file
that integrates the highway safety information including the accident, drivers,
vehicles and the roadway, •2) a revised accident reporting system and accident
report, (3) •.a revised information product to provide state and local governments
specific data and summary statistics required to fulfill operational requirements
and support the highway safety program, (4) improved data entry to provide more
timely, accurate and complete information, (5) expanded periodic motor vehicle
inspection applications, (6) a statewide accident location identification system,
(7) an effective system to evaluate the traffic records and highway safety
systems in operations, and (8) the evaluation of the effectiveness of the highway
safety programs of the Commonwealth.
The first step of the Functional Description, the requirements definition
(Phase I), was completed in April 1975. This phase will offer alternatives,
including the cost of each, for.satisfying the requirements of the Commonwealth.
Phase II commenced in December 1976 and we project an alternative centralized
accident file proposal to be completed the third quarter of 1978.
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Following the completion of Phases I and II, the Management Review Com-
mittee process will determine which of the design alternatives is to be imple-
mented, and Phase III (the writing of detailed design and program specifications)
can begin. Phase IV, the Development Phase, which will include the actual
development of the system, will follow. The Development Phase will culminate
in the testing of the program and procedures required, the concision of data
and the implementation of the system.
Short-Range Objectives
(A) To design a centralized accident file to permit inquiry by authorized
state and local officials by January !, 1979.
(B) To obtain approval and funds for development and implementation of
the centralized accident file within the DMV by January i,• 1980.
Long-Range Goals
(A) To develop a statewide accident locator system for both rural and
urban areas by January I, 1981.
(B) To produce information products from the central accident reporting
system to provide state and local governments specific data and summary
statistics required to fulfill operational requirements and support
the highway safety program.
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TIL•FFIC P•ECORDS
TASK NARRATIVES
Task 1 This project so designed to improve existing traffic records
systems at the local level. Training and expanded automated and manual infor-
mation systems will be used to increase the effectiveness of programs as they
appl• to the local highway safety enforcement and accident prevention activities.
Task 2 This task permits plotting of motor vehicle crashes for the VDHT
which affects engineering and •enforcement efforts toward the reduction of
personal injury and property damage accidents.
Task 3 Funds willb•provided to gather data from the Traffic Records
System that would benefit Highway Safety; the information is already in the
system this will provide for the writing of programs to extract the infor-
mationo
Task 4 Due to the intense political ramifications of the traffic records
program area, progress has been slow in development of a centralized records
system. Recognizing the difficulty this has caused in identifying and analyzing
problems, the Virginia Highway Transportation Research Council has undertaken a
project to satisfy baseline problem identification data requirements.
The Master File project was initiated in order to develop a comprehensive
automated file of highway safety data for problem identification, planning, and
evaluation purposes.
Federal interest in effective problem identification as part of the Highway
Safety Plan has made it mandatory that a process of synthesizing minimum essential
program data be undertaken.
To date, data have been gathered from the state's highway safety agencies,
recorded on magnetic tape, processed, and disseminated to local governments for
use in their FY 78-80 Highway Safety Plans. However, there is still much to be
done in further development of the syst=m.
V-126
It is anticipated that work sponsored through this project will allow
for the following to be achieved:
A. Continued pursuit of an ongoing program for complete automation of
Virginia's Highway Safety Plan.
B. Implementation of the computerized format program to facilitate the
information assimilation, and dissemination functions of the current
work program.
C. Allow for interfacing of the current crash data computer program
with the proposed HSP format program.
D. Computerize driver licensing and conviction data in a format which
is consistent with •he requirements of Virginia's HSP.
Tasks 5 9 These tasks represent the Division of Motor Vehicle's
involvement in Traffic Records. Funds needed for these activities will be
drawn from other program areas within the Division.
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Magnitude of Problem:
PROGRAM MODULE 14
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
A study of pedestrian accidents revealed that in approximately 63.4% of
total pedestrian accidents and 50.8% of fatal pedestrian accidents pedestrians
violated the law. Additionally, it was found that approximately 50% of
pedestrian accidents involved children.
Analysis of Problem:
The magnitude of the problem statement suggests that a major portion
of pedestrian accidents occur because of a lack of awareness concerning
pedestrain safety. This educational _d•ficiency is pa•ticular•.y prominent in
children.
PROBLEM SOLUTION NARRATIVE,
The problem solution plan to solve the impac= and support problems
identified within the pedestrian safety module Smphasizes education of the
public about pedestrian safety.
education of children.
Particular attention is directed at the
EVALUATION
Administrative evaluations will be conducted on the education programs
to determine what effect those programs have had. Effectiveness evaluations
will be attempted if deemed appropriate and feasible.
STATEWIDE GOALS
(A) To continue to scrutinize and update the pedestrian safety programs
in order to reduce the number of pedestrian accidents.
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(B) To reduce the number of vehicle-pedestrian related accidents
from 2,052 to 1,918 by September 30, 1979.
(C) To reduce the number of pedestrians kifi-ed from 188 to 169 by
30, 1979.
(D)
September
To reduce the number of pedestrians injured from 2,213 to 2,009
by September 30, 1979.
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•
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PEDESTRIAN SAFETY
TASK NARRATIVES
Task 1 This program deals with pedestrian safety with emphasis•on the
driver's responsibilities towards the pedestrian.
Task 2 This program will be conducted statewide with a goal of
making pedestrians more aware of safety hazards.
Task 3 These programs will emphasize bicycle safety. In some
instances localities will be given the funds to establish bike inspection
programs.
Task 4 This program will supply elementary schools with various
equipment to aid in pedestrian safety programs. An example of the equipment
provided includes badges and walkie-talkies for school guards.
Tasks 5 % Self explanatory.
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Magnitude of Problem:
PROGRAM MODULE 15
DEBRIS, HAZARD CONTROL AND CLEANUP
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The localities have indicated a need for the equipment necessary to
remove peop%e from vehicles involved in accidents and to safely remove debris
from the highway.
There has also been a recognized need-for a program which w•ll designate
those highway routes where accidents involving vehicles carrying hazardous
materials are likely to occur.
PROBLEM SOLUTION NARRATIVE
Emphasis of this program will be to provide the necessary equipment and
training to aid localities in rescuing people from vehicles and to remove
debris from the highway.
Also, a program should be developed to deal specifically with accidents
involving vehicles carrying hazardous material.
EVALUATION
Administrative evaluations will be conducted to determine whether equipment
has been sent to the localities and to assure that local personnel in theDebris,
Hazard Control and Cleanup program can properly use the equipment.
STATEWIDE GOALS
(A) To continue to provide assorted equipment in order to reduce both
the number of accidents due to prior crash debris and the number of
accidents and deaths caused by prolonged and hazardous removal of
persons from automobiles.
(B) To complete the problematic model which will pinpointthose areas
where accidents involving vehicles carrying hazardous materials are
likely to occur.
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DEBRIS, HAZARD CONTROL AND CLEANUP
TASK NARRATIVES
Task i Problem identification data revealed that additional equipment
is needed in certain localities to properly and safely handle traffic crashes
involving components of this program area. The funds requested in this task
will enable local political subdivisions to equip themselves with materials
needed to administer an adept Debris, Hazard Control and Cleanup program.
Task 2 This program is designed to develop a model which will
determine the probable location of traffic crashes involving hazardous materials.
Task 3 This project will, through public information and training,
inform the general populace of the proper procedures in handling hazardous
materials.
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Magnitude of Problem
PROGRAM MODULE 16
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING
PROBLEM STATEMENT
A study of this area reveals two major concerns: the need for equipment
to aid in accident •nvestigation and reporting and the need for training pro-
grams to teach local police agencies how to use the state-adopted accident
reporting form.
PROBLEM SOLUTION NARRATIVE
The problem solution plan to solve the support problems identified within
the accident investigation and reporting module involves two Accident Investigation
and Reporting Program that have been implemented to deal with the areas of concern.
The first program calls for providing equipment necessary for effective accident
investigation and reporting. The emphasis of the second program will be on
training. The state had adopted a standard reporting form4 the second program
will teach local polcie personnel how to use this form.
EVALUATION
Administrative evaluations will be conducted to determine whether the acci-
dent investigation and reporting equipment is being received by the localities;
and administrative evaluations will be conducted to determine whether local
police personnel are benefitting from their training sessions on the use of the
standard accident report form°
STATEWIDE GOALS
(A) To determine the accident data needs of enforcement agencies, traffic,
highway, and automotive engineers, educators• licensing authorities,
medical• and other groups and organizations having a responsibility
for highway safety. Such data needs should be consistent with the
!• :organization's assigned mission.
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(B) To develop and implement procedures to gather the required data as
±dentified ±n the aforement±oned.
(C) To ident±£y the med±a used to acquire, store, and enter accident
data into the state's traffic records system.
(D) To insure that the data gathered have a high degree of uniformity
and compatibility.
(E) To satisfy training needs and =equests throughout the state by
providing localities with Accident Investigation and Reporting
seminars and the opportunity to attend other highly specialized
training courses.
(F) To establish a uniform, comprehensive motor vehicle traffic accident
investigation program for:
(I) Gathering information pertinent to the effort of reducing deaths,
injuries, and property damage in traffic crashes who, what•
when, where, why and how of motor vehicle traffic accidents
and associated deaths, injuries and property damage.
(2) Entering the information into the traffic records systems for use
in planning, evaluating, and furthering highway safety program
goals.
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1262
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING
TASK NARRATIVES
Task 1 Specific pieces of equipment are needed to properly administer a
program of this nature in the local political subdivisions.
Task 2 This program will train local police personnel in the use of
the standard reporting form and scientific accident investigation and reporting
procedures and techniques.
Task 3 Seminars will be held throughout the state to train local
agencies on the no•menclature, background and methods of completing the new
accident report form.
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IIII IIII
IIII I1"11 IIil I1|1 IIII IIII
C)
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J26
II
II
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PROGRAM MODULE 17
IDENTIFICATION & SURVEILLANCE OF ACCIDENT LOCATIONS
PROGRAM STATUS
Since the inception of the Virginia Department of Highways in 1906, now called the Virginia Department of Highways & Transportation, engineers have been cognizant of safety and the need to move traffic in the most efficient and hazard free manner possible.
The safety efforts in these early years were not comprehensive and fre- quently only consisted of repairing extensively damaged portions of the unpaved highway network. As the automobile became a more significant mode of transpor- tation and an important catalyst to the State's e•onomy, Virginia was faced with enormous construction requirements of new roadways to adequately move traffic to its destination in the most efficient manner possible.
It was during this period that accidents and the associated injuries and fatalities began to increase at an alarming rate. As vehicle speed and volumes increased, the need was realized that special efforts had to be directed at this problem and in 1936, the Planning Survey Section was formed to assist in better safety designs and to direct limited resources at these problem areas.
This portion of the Department gradually evolved to the Traffic and Plan- nlng Division by 1942 and was recently changed to the Traffic and Safety Division. It was the responsibility of the division to implement a statewide safety program and' to work in a cooperative effort with the other divisions to insure all aspects of highway planning, design, and construction included safety considerations that would relieve the hazards being encountered by users of the Commonwealth's rapidly expanding roadway system.
These efforts in safety assisted Virginia in the transitional period of entirely state funded projects to those shared by the Federal Government. These Federal programs have grown significantly since the early 1960's and have cul- minated in the Highway Safety Acts of 1973 and 1976 which directed funds to eliminate and/or upgrade specific deficiencies on all portions of the highway system. It is these specific programs which reflect Virginia's achievements under Standard 309, Identification and Surveillance of Accident Locations.
To adequately review Standard 309, a supplemental format has been prepared which identifies problem areas and enumerates short range objectives and long range goals as well as performance and work load measures where applicable. It should be noted that this report considers only these areas as they relate to safety programs initiated or expanded by the Highway Safety Act of 1973. The identification and surveillance of accident locationsand related projects are
now being funded under the 1976 Safety Act and changes in program content at the State level and the associated problems and benefits must be evaluated during the subject fiscal year to determine how they affect past performance or alter
our goals and objectives.
The format of this report will thus segregate those portions of the Safety Act of 1973 related to Standard 309 with problem statements and related goals and objectives directed at future sophistication of the overall safety program.
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Rail-Highway Crossings Section 203
Problem Statement
A.) The initial problem is directly related to the number of crossings needing protection and the target date for compliance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUCD).
All railroad companies have been advised of those locations, according to
our inventory, which were to be brought up to standard by January I, 1977. This was the State's target date, but according to State code, it is the responsibility of the individual railroad companies to provide the required crossbucks. Some railroad companies have brought the majority of their crossings to standard but others seem to be experiencing problems in completing this work in • desirable manner. Continuing program support and cooperation with the individual railroad companies are, at present, the approaches being utilized to correct the defi- ciencies being encountered in this area of concern.
Advance warning signs on crossings under the jurisdiction of the State have been updated to standards, but there is a problem in urban areas. Due to the autonomous structure of cities, it is each political subdlvision's responsibility to correct substandard advance warning signs where applicable. Again, efforts are being directed at informing localities of requirements to upgrade crossings in accordance with the MUTCD.
B.) Once a railroad grade crossing has been selected for the addition of auto- matic protection, there are generally few problems with the implementation of the project. However, this agency is looking forward to receiving specific guidelines to be used for the need of signalization at individual crossings. We are thus awaiting the completion of the FHWA research project in this area which would prove most beneficial.
C.) One final problem which is possibly the most difficult to quantify, State law requires certain funding procedures to insure all tax bases are benefited and this conflicts in some instances with Federal priority requirements. The program structure allows for some latitude and Virginia will continue to support the "self-determination" approach in Federal law which should reduce this concern by allowing states more latitude in establishing projects.
Short-Range Objectives
(Stated in a manner which is anticipated for a one (i) year time increment)
i. To fill several existing personnel vacancies which will facilitate the implementation of this program and continue to improve the inventories that are essential to a viable program.
2. To continue the selection of crossings to be recommended for the addition of automatic .protection as well as other improvements relative to the safety of the traveling public.
3. To continue efforts to upgrade all at-grade rail-highway crossings to comply with MUTCD standards.
4. To seek new methods or earrants to continue updating and simplifying the existing selection process of crossings for proposed improvements.
5. To improve data processing application of the grade crossing inventory which will correlate existing inventories with the DOT-AAR.
Long-Nmnse Goals
i. Actively encourage a more unified Federal and State format by supporting state legislation conducive to rail-highway crossing improvements.
2. Provide advnace warning and protection in accordance with the M•nual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices at all crossings in the State.
3. Eliminate accidents at rail-highway grade crossings which are attributable to physical deficiencies.
Pavement Marking Demonstration Program 23 USC 151 Section 205
Problem Statement
This program has not been integrated without problems, and engineers are currently reviewing inadequacies at the stat• level to insure that this program reaches a level of implementation comparable to other sections of the Safety Act.
After a recent review of this program, it was determined that only after further study could it be accurately noted if some facets of the Federal require- ments could also be a contributing factor to those problems encountered.
A. This is particularly true of urban areas which, in Virginia, have retained an
autonomy by state law which delegates to each the discretion to develop such pro- grams to the extent the local governing body determines as most feasible. Of the 64 localities eligible for funds authorized under this program, three requested and obtained approval for a pavement marking project.
Efforts will be expanded during the next year to isolate specific deficiencies and improve, where feasible, those problems identified.
B. Once project approval has been received, it is necessary that the field engi- neers report specific information on completed projects to allow evaluations to be conducted as required. Special forms have been issued which request route, county, termini, type of marking, final cost and status-completion dates. The problem arising is that reporting procedures have not reached desired levels of accuracy which inhibits the evaluation of accident data.
It is anticipated that a review of procedures and a more condensed instruc- tional memorandum can be provided which will clarify this procedure.
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C. The Federal and State requirements for competitive bidding must be eval- uated in this area as it has presented a problem related to obtaining contract proposals for isolated projects in the western part of the state which may total less than $I0,000. This indeed does not make it feasible for the larger eastern
companies which have the equipment and knowledge to install the new type of mark- ings to submit a bid.
This method must be thoroughly analyzed and specific problems accurately defined prior to any recommended action.
Short-Range Objectives
I. To integrate the same efficiency in urban areas as is incorporated on
the state ystem through the cooperative efforts with local governing bodies. This will be accomplished by identifying specific deficiencies and formulating a method of achieving desired results.
2. To continue efforts to institute a new, more effective reporting format with the intent of assisting in the evaluation process of this program.
3. To continue studying existing contract items and to demonstrate the need to perhaps combine local projects to make it more attractive for competitive bidding.
4. To formulate a better way to dissiminate relevant p=ogram data to localities to assist each in better understanding what is available.
5. To develop a realistic evaluation procedure as early as possible which will provide accident statistics as required by the 1973 and 1976 •ighway Safety Acts.
Long-Range Goals
i. To provide new and upgraded markings and messages to conform with the latest Federal and State requirements on all roadways of 16' or wider and to
continue integrating delineation at narrow bridge sites.
2. Prepare a series of annual evaluations which will assist in projecting what can be expected when specific pavement markings are installed.
Elimination of Roadside Obstacles (23 USC 153) Section 210
Problem Statement
The major problem with this program is directly related to the requirements for the elimination of roadside obstacles as stipulated in the phrase, "shall conduct and systematically maintain an engineering survey of all highways to
identify roadside obstacles which may contribute a hazard to vehicles and to
pedestrians, assign priorities for the correction of such obstacles and establish and implement a schedule of projects for their elimination." Virginia has implemented a procedural methodology to conform with these criteria with few exceptions. It is these exceptions from which difficulties have been encountered.
V-152
Virginia, as most states, does not have unlimited manpower, and thus, it became apparent, in the early development stages, that to conduct inventories statewide, in an arbitrary manner, would not be in the best interest of the state or meet the intended goals of the Safety Act. It was, therefore, deter mined that a selective inventory would be conducted that would extract those routes and roadway sections most in need of correction.
The 30' clear roadside concept if commendable, but with the number of miles of roadway in Virginia, it would indeed be difficult to conduct "tree counts" on roadways that in many instances accommodate only sparse traffic and comprise only a very small percentage of the accident problem.
It is the opinion of those engineers responsible for this program that it is more important to concentrate on those roadways where accident frequency and potential is such that improvements would be cost effective. There are numerous
miles of highways that meet these criteria and realistically should be programmed in a priority sequence in advance of a blanket inventory as required by the Safety Act.
Along these same lines, it is also very difficult to eliminate trees due to environmental and aesthetic considerations and also remove utility poles which constitute very real fixed object hazards.
Each of these problems can only be solved through continuing efforts in cooperative interaction with the Federal agencies and public reaction which
may assist in further emphasis on this important safety program.
Short-Ranse Objectives
I. To continue inventories of predetermined routes to select the most feasible and cost effective improvements.
2. To continue efforts to upgrade design standards on new projects to eliminate, prior to construction, undesirable and safety deficient features.
3. To formulate more sophisticated computer programs to assist in the ..identification and evaluation processes.
4. To create a better understanding of the short and long range objectives and goals between Central Office and field personnel.
5. To create a more responsive public awareness of these problems and the benefits that have been, and would be, achieved with this cooperation.
6. To evaluate achievements and set new goals that will reflect legislation as stipulated in the 1973 and 1976 Highway Safety Acts.
Lon$-Ranse Goals
i. Inventory and prepare for submission all high volume, accident prone sections of highway for upgrading as funding is available.
2. Evaluate each type of improvement to determine those most cost effective and also perhaps quantify the benefits of various design features which will assist on new construction projects.
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3. Computerize all fixed object accidents in a manner conducive to
retrieving data on specifics rather than generalities.
4. Continue reducing the incidences of off-road accident injuries and death by providing traversable and redirectional capabilities on as much mileage as funding permits.
5. Obtaining a uniform accident locator system on all secondary routes
is important if identification and surveillance is to be as accurate as other
programs. This problem is being studied by the Traffic Records Task Force and during the last several years, additional mileage has been logged which assists• these efforts.
6. Computerize accident dataon secondary system to complement manual methods now being employed.
7. Select locations on the Secondary System based on accident experience or potential rather than existing methodology.
8. Improve selection process on the Secondary System which presently requires approval at local levels that are assigned specific amounts of funding and must set priorities not always consistent with projects recommended for safety improvement.
High Hazard Locations (23 USC 152) Section 209.
Problem Statement
Since this program has actually been an important aspect of the State's safety efforts for a number of years, most program restrictions have been cor-
rected as procedures have evolved. There are specific needs to keep pace with growing demands, but these will be enumerated in the following short and long term objectives.
Short-Ranse Objectives
I. To revise computer programs to reflect the additional data necessary tocontlnue upgrading this program.
2. To expand, analysis of similar improvements to allow a forecasting technique which better reflects Virginia's characteristics rather than national trends.
3. To evaluate recently acquired formats for the selection of "potential hazards" where accident statistics do not support the opinions of engineers, accident data is not available, or there have been no reported accidents.
4. To continue to analyze as many locations as is feasible to insure the most needed improvements possible are implemented with the goal of reducing total accidents and severity.
5. To continue developing a priority list of High Hazard Locations on the Interstate System.
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Lon$-Ranse Goals
i. Continue upgrading this program to the point that specific geometrics can be assigned accident histories. For example, on two lane roads with an
AADT of 5,000, it is desirable to assign accident and severity rates on all three degree curves. This method is dependent to a great degree on the accom-
plishments of the Traffic Records System which will be discussed in more detail under the General Problem and Objective portion of this report.
2. Obtaining a uniform accident locator system on all secondary routes is important if identification and surveillance is to be as accurate as other pro- grams. This problem is being studied by the Traffic Records Task Force and during the last several years, additional mileage has been logged which assists these efforts.
3. Computerize accident data on secondary systems to complement manual methods now being employed.
4. Select locations on theSecondary System based on accident experience or potential rather than existing methodology.
5. Improve selection process on the Secondary System which presently requires approval at local levels that are assigned specific amounts of funding and must set priorities not always consistent with projects recommended for safety improvement.
Effectiveness Evaluation
One of the most important elements of the overall safety program as related to 309 is the effectiveness evaluations prepared by the Department. Ths evalua- tion is multi-faceted in content and allows the State and Federal agencies respon- sible for implementing these programs a source which represents both successes
and failures being encountered.
Short-Range Objectives
i. To expand evaluations on each of the projects completed under the various
programs of the Highway Safety Act.
2. To combine past reports on effectiveness to obtain a valid and statistically reliable comparison of fimilar improvements to allow forecasting of reduction. For example, what cab ne expected by installing a left turn lane on a four lane roadway at an intersection with 500 left turn vehicles a day.
3. To prepare new forms to better reflect various evaluation requirements.
4. To continue to evaluate, in detail, individual improvements funded with State, Federal and other funds to determine effectiveness.
5. To achieve a high degree of accuracy and to eliminate duplication of locations when securing accident data on secondary and primary roads.
6. To achieve a more accurate and comprehensive description Of projects completed from the field to insure all safety projects are identified and evaluated.
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Long-Range Goals
I. Reduce the time period from the actual accident to the point where this data can be retrieved from the computer in desired formats.
2. Analyze the entire evaluation process to insure any new requirements are implemented in future reports.
General Problems
A special task force initiated a study of the Traffic Records System several years ago and discussion of problems is thus somewhat restricted as
all applicable agencies are awaiting final recommendations regarding this area
of mutual concern.
It should be noted, however, that problems have developed in the past as
localities develop a traffic records format suitable to their requirements, which in all cases do not coincide with the State's criteria.
The State can easily determine local inefficiencies in traffic records, but there are no blanket directives forcing adherence as there are problems within the localities that would prohibit the degree of implementation desired. It is, therefore, through the cooperative efforts of all affected levels of government that this problem can be resolved.
The same is true regarding desired format modifications of the accident report, faster entry of accident data into computers, a more efficient dis- tribution of relevant information which wlll have a direct result on all future
program requirements as outlined under Standard 309.
General Information
In attempting to provide a complete overview of the extent of the activities in this standard area, the following program data is offered for the reader's review and analysis.
PROGRAM DATA
Please Note If The Following Exist In The Department:
Yes No
Ao There is a procedure for accurate identification of accident locations
on all roads and streets
On all Interstate, Primary and selected Secondary routes
To identify accident experience and losses on any specific sec-
tions of the road and street
system. Same as above.
V-156
2. To produce an inventory of:
a. High accident locations.
b. Locations where accidents are increasing sharply.
Design and operating features with which high accident frequencies or severities are associated.
To take appropriate measures for reducing accidents.
To evaluate the effectiveness of all safety related projects by specific types of improvements.
Does the inventory procedure include a method for relating design and operating features with high accident experience?
For what percent of existing road mileage is there a pro- cedure to take appropriate measures to correct high or potentially high accident locations and evaluate the effectiveness of these improvements?
On what percent of the existing road systems is there a continuing surveillance of high and potentially high accident locations?
Briefly describe the methods used to identify the accident locations.
(•) This capability is achieved only through manual analysis and thus is only feasible for a limited number of locations or relatively short sections of highways. There is no capability at present to extract accidents by com-
puter at specific geometrics. A remedy for this problem is a major future objective.
Indicate for each roadway system the:
Interstate
Arterial & Primary
Secondary
Urban (over 3,500 population)
Other
Comments:
Refer to Attachment A
2. Briefly describe the locator system used.
Refer to Attachments A
3. Are field references markers used? If Yes, what spacing is used?
Type of Accident Percent of System LocatorSystem WhereAecidenta Used CanBeLoCatedto
1/100Mile
(Circle One) •
N__o
Field reference markers are used on interstate routes. Markers are located at one mile intervals. These markers have been tied into the paper milepost accident location system.
Co Number of Locations on the Review Following Roadway Systems Selected for:
i. Interstate *
2. A•terial & Primary 1400
3, Secondary 1650
4. Urban (over 3,500 pop.)
Total 3050
Comments: * Refer to Ff 78 AHSWP.
In-Depth Study
Recommended For Approval
, ,
525 85
600 190
1125 275
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De
Eo
Indicate if the High Accident Locations are Identified by:
Spot Locations Roadway Sections Yes No Yes No
I. Interstate X X
X X 2. Arterial & Primary
3. Secondary X (Selected routes only)
4. Urban (over 3,500 Pop.)
Comments
Indicate if the High Accident Spot Locations Locations are Identified by an Yes No Accident Severity:
Roadway Sections Yes No
i. Interstate X X
X X
X X
2. Arterial & Primary
3. Secondary
4. Urban (over 3,500 Pop.)
Commen t s
Every fatal accident is carefully analyzed with appropriate remedial
measures instituted when feasible.
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ATTACI•ENT A
Dicussion of Location Reference System
STATUS OF REFERENCE SYSTEM BY CLASSIFICATION
Road System Reference System Existing Coverage
Anticipated Completion Date
Interstate Paper Milepost 100%
State Primary
Local (Secondary)
Paper Milepost 100%
Paper Milepost 86% 7-I•79 (a)
Urban Extension Paper Milepost 100%
Urban and City Variable (b)
Interstate System Physical Milepost •oo% ---(c)
(a) Of Virginia's 43,000 mile secondary system, a total of 7,000 miles was designated as having sufficient accidents to justify assigning a locator reference system. Of this 7,000 miles, some 6,000 are now completed with the remaining in various stages of implementation• The 86% coverage shown in the above chart represents only the completed paper mileposting on that portion of the. secondary system initially determined as being feasible to accomplish. The total mileage to be logged may be increased as accidents dicatate to insure proper identification.
(b) Urban areas in Virginia have retained an autonomy which allows each to select the type of locator system best suited for the area involved. The State can obtain this information, to a limited degree, through the cities upon request.
(c) All Interstate routes opened to traffic have been provided physical milepost markers. Miieposting will be incorporated into on-going and future Interstate projects.
Task Narratives
All tasks are considered to be self-explanatory.
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IIII
IIII •III
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II II II II II II II II II
III II I1! II III II III II III II III II
III II II1"11 III tl III II III II III II
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"t IIII IIII
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IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII
I111 Ilil
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PROGRAM MODULE 18
HIGHWAY DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM STATUS
Perhaps the best technique to use in obtaining an incisive view of the Department's Highway Design, Construction and Maintenance program is to study the actual Program Data submitted in the VDH&T's FY 79 Highway Safety Plan.
Please Note If The Following Exist In The Department: Yes
Design standards relating to safety features such as
sight distance, horizontal and vertical curvature, spacing of decision points• width of lanes, etc., for all new construction or reconstruction, at least
on expressways, major streets and highways, and through streets and highways. X
Street systems designed to provide a safe traffic environment for pedestrians and motorists when subdivisions and residential areas are developed or redeveloped. X
Roadway lighting is provided or upgraded on a
priority basis at the following locations:
Expressways and other major arteries in urbanized areas. X
2. Junctions of major highways in rural areas.
Locations or sections of streets and high- ways having high ratios of night-to-day motor vehicle and/or pedestrian accidents. X
4. Tunnels and long underpasses. X
Do Standards for pavement design and construction with specific provisions for high skid resistance qualities. X
A program for resurfacing or other surface treat-
ment with emphasis on correction of locations or
sections of streets and highways with low skid resistance and high or potentially high accident rates susceptible to reduction by providing im- proved surfaces. X
A system for guidance, warning and regulation of traffic approaching and traveling over construc- tion or repair sites and detours. X
No
X
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Go A systematic identification and tabulation of all rail-highway grade crossings and a program for the elimination of hazards and dangerous crossings.
A program to insure that roadways and roadsides are maintained consistent with the design standards which are followed in construction to provide safe and efficient movement of traffic.
A program which identifies and corrects hazards within the highway right-of-way.
There are highway design and construction features wherever possible for accident pre- vention and survivability including at least the following:
Roadsides clear of obstacles, with clear distance being determined on the basis of traffic volumes, prevailing speeds, and the nature of development along the street
or highway.
Supports for traffic signs and lighting that are designed to yield or break away under impact wherever appropriate.
Protective devices that afford maximum protection to the occupants of vehicles wherever fixed objects cannot reasonably be removed or designed to yield.
.4. Bridge railings and parapets which are designed to minimize severity of impact, to retain the vehicle, to redirect the vehicle so that it will move parallel to the roadway, and to minimize danger to traffic below.
Guardrails, and other design features which protect people from out-of-control vehicles at locations of special hazard such as playgrounds, schoolyards•, and commercial areas.
A post-crash program which includes at least the following:
Signs at freeway interchanges directing motorist to hospitals having emergency care capabilities.
Yes
No
X
X
X
X
X
X
No
X
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.1288 Yes No
2. Maintenance personnel trained in procedures for X •ummon•ng aid, protecting others from hazards at accident sites, and removing debris.
3. Provisions for access and egress for emergency X vehicles to freeway sections where this would •ign•flcantly reduce travel time without reducing the safety benefits of access control.
•. HD79-362 The problem solution plan numbered 46-79-12-01depicts the activities
planned by the Department of Transportation Safety and localities in this program area for FY79. In order to avoid redundancy, these projects are not addressed at this point; rather, the reader is referred to the aforementioned for a description of the various programs. In addition, for inform•tlon per- taining to VDH&T activity in regards to curb ramps for the handicapped, please refer to the "Co•m•onwealth of Virginia's Fifth Annual Highway Safety Work Program," of May 1975.
Problem Statement
A discernible need of the Highway & Transportation Department is the stockpiling of replacement parts for impact attenuators.
Short-Range Objective
To conduct various projects in support of the long-range goal in this highway safety program area.
Long-Range Goal
To reduce the number of traffic crashes including fatalities, personal injuries and property damage through adequate design, construction and main- tenance of all roadways within the Commonwealth.
A review of actual program data submitted by the VDH&T in their FY 79 Highway Safety Plan should serve as an accurate indicator of activity in the Traffic Engineering Services realm of highway safety.
PROGRAM DATA
Please Note If The Following Exist In The Department: Yes No
A comprehensive manpower development plan to provide the necessary traffic engineering capability, includ- ing:
Provisions for supplying traffic engineering assistance to those jurisdictions unable to justify a full-time traffic engineering staff.
Provisions for upgrading the skills of practicing traffic engineers, and providing. basic instruction in traffic engineering techniques to Subprofessionals and technicians X
Bo Utilization of traffic engineering principles and expertise in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of th• public roadways, and in the application of traffic control devices. X
C. A traffic control devices plan including:
*i. An inventory of all control devices. X
Periodic review of existing traffic control devices, including a systematic upgrading of substandard devices to conform with standards issuedor endorsed by the Federal Highway Administrator. X
A maintenance schedule adequate to insure proper operation and timely repair of con-
trol devices, including daytime and night- time inspections. X
Where appropriate, the application and eval- uation of new ideas and concepts in applying control devices and in modifying existing devices to improve their effectiveness through controlled experimentation. X
There is a card inventory of all signs on the Interstate & Primary Systems; an inventory of all traffic signs installed and improved since 1969 is also being kept.
.11298 D. An implementation schedule to utilize traffic
engineering manpower to:
Yes No
Review road projects during the planning, design, and construction stages to detect and correct features that may lead to operational safety difficulties. X
Install safety-related improvements as a
part of routine malntenance and/or repair activities. X
Correct conditions noted during routine oper- ational surveillance of the roadway system to rapidly adjust for the changes in traffic and road characteristics as a means of reducing accident frequency or severity. X
Conduct traffic engineering analyses of all high accident locations and develop corrective measures. X
Analyze potentially hazardous locations, such as sharp curves, steep grades, and railroad grade crossingsand develop appropriate countermeasures. X
Identify traffic control needs and determine short and long-range requirements.
Evaluate the effectiveness of specific traffic control measures in reducing the frequency and severity of traffic accidents.
X
X
So Conduct traffic engineering studies to estab- lish traffic regulations such as fixed or variable speed limits. X
Readers should address the problem solution plans for information per- taining to Department of Transportation Safety sponsored projects in this standard area for fiscal year 1979.
Problem Statement
No major problem areas were clearly identified in the Traffic Engineer- ing Services Work Program submission for FY 79; however, the need for various types of traffic engineering training, studies, equipment and communication aids must be satisfied in order to insure the overall advancement of the
program.
V-178
Short-Ranse Objective
To support activities directed at attaining the program's long range goals. Many of these programs are highlighted in the problem solution plans.
Lon$-Ranse Goal
To insure the full and proper application of modern traffic engineering principles and uniform standards for traffic control in striving to reduce the likelihood and severity of traffic crashes, fatalities, personal injuries and property damage.
Task Narratives
All tasks are considered to be self-explanatory.
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PROGRAM MODULE 20
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY
PROGRAM STATUS
Various kinds of pedestrian safety activities have been undertaken at the state and local levels of government. For example, the Virginia Depart- ment of Highways & Transportation conducts sutdies and surveys to determine such things as where new pedestrian facilities should be constructed and how existing facilities should be improved. The Department has also published reports which contain detailed information and procedures which can be utilized to plan and design bikeways. Examples of such reports include the Bikeway Development Study and Plannin$ and Desisn of Bikeways.
In addition, several local political subdivisions desire to conduct projects in this highway safety program area. Examples of local activity include programs to reveal and correct high pedestrian accident locations as
well as a variety of pedestrian/highway improvement projects.
Problem Statement
No major problems were enumerated, however, several localities expressed the need for better pedestrian facilities and clearer identification of high pedestrian accident locations.
Short-Ranse Objective
To support and, when possible, conduct programs which will improve the chances of achieving the stated long-range goals for pedestrian safety.
Long-Range Goal(s)
(A) To reduce the number of vehicle-pedestrian accidents, including fatalities, personal injuries and property damage, which are
attributable to insufficient facilities in areas of high volume pedestrian traffic and to poor walking habits and/or attitudes.
(B) To minimize environmental hazards in attempting to protect pedestrians.
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