First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management

12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Disease Early Warning SystemCommunicable Diseases (CD) basic

principles.Major disease threats in emergenciesSurveillance/DEWOS

Outbreak Control PreparednessDetectionConfirmationResponseEvaluation

Resource: The Johns hopkins and IFRC Public Health Guide for emergency

Q) What are these factors?

● Emergency medical and surgical care● Safe water and adequate sanitation/hygiene● Provision of safe food● Provision of shelter (site planning)● Immunization (measles = 1st priority, later

restart routine EPI)● Access to 1° & 2° health services (case

management)● Disease surveillance/outbreak preparedness &

control● Vector control● Environmental sanitation / waste disposal● Health education

1. Hygienic disposal of human feces2. Sufficient and safe water supply3. Hand-washing with soap4. Health promotion5. Food safety6. Adequate living space7. Adequate shelter8. Nutrition9. Medical intervention10. Handling dead bodies11. Vector control

Q) What are these factors?

Lack of political commitments and funding

Poor surveillance system Unskilled health care workers Inadequate or incomplete case Tx Over-reliance on preventive measures, e.g., chlorination of water, immunization, etc..

PreparednessDetectionConfirmationResponseEvaluation

Surveillance System/DEWOS, in place. An outbreak response plan is written

for the disease-covering resource, skills and activities required.

Standard treatment protocols Stockpiles of:

Essential treatment supplies Essential Laboratory sampling kitsPPEsVaccine supplies

Availability/security of cold chain are established.

Trained personnel Suppliers (ORS, vaccines, vitamin A, iv

fluids etc.. Treatment facilities (location, beds

available) Laboratory facilities Transport (source of emergency transport

and fuel, cold chain) Communication PCs If vaccination required;

AD syringes Vaccination facilities Cold chain equipments

Surveillance/epidemic thresholds Outbreak control /Rapid response team

CompositionTOR

Implementation of preparedness & response plan

Resource mobilization Coordination Information disimination

Laboratory conformation:Collection of samplesTransportation of samplesSafe packagingTasting samplesReporting/interpreting results

Collection/analysis of descriptive data and development of hypothesisExtent of the outbreakSeverity

Follow-up of cases and contacts Active case finding Contact traicing

Further investigation/epidemiological studies Case-control/cohort studies Environmental investigations

Control Prevention of exposure Prevention of infection Prevention of diseases Prevention of death

Patient isolation Bio-hazardious materials

-safe disposal of body fluids is essential especially in highly contagious diseases.

- Sharp objects disposal. Proper diagnosis and effective

mangment

Cause of the outbreak Surveillance and detection of an

outbreak. Preparedness Management Control measures feedback

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