COMMUNICATION

Differences Between Speech and Writing

Production

Speech Writing

Speech has systematic changes of rate, pitch, volume and tone to show changes in meaning.

Writing has a punctuation system, partly used for showing the structure of the sentence and also to denote changes in meaning.

Permanency

Speech Writing

Speech is recorded through memory. However, we do have tools to record conversations.

Writing is permanent. It can be stored and read long after the sender has composed his/ her message.

Revision

Speech Writing

Speech is usually spontaneous and does not allow much time for corrections.

Writing texts can easily be edited and revised before the messages are delivered to an audience.

Interaction

Speech Writing

Usually the listener and the speaker are physically present in the same speech situation. They can see each other and be aware of what is going on. The speaker is able to get immediate feedback from his intended audience.

Any written document can be read anywhere by anyone, not just those actually present in the production of the text. A writer cannot obtain immediate feedback from his reader (with the exception of chat and text messaging.

Purpose

Speech Writing

Speech is usually utilized for immediate communication.

Writing is used to record information that needs to be stored for a long period of time.

Level of formality

Speech Writing

There are different levels of formality depending on the context. Casual conversations are informal and may even let some grammatical inconsistencies pass. Speeches may require a higher level of formality.

The language used may be formal depending on the context. Form and structure are factors to be considered.

Stumbling Blocks of Communication

Language

The communicators fail to “say what they mean.”

The communicators have different vocabularies.

Physical

There are physical constraints that do not allow effective communication to occur (location, time, etc.).

Outside interference or distractions may have occurred.

Social

Professional differences exist between the communicators.

There are status differences (leader-member) between the communicators.

Knowledge

The communicators have different assumptions.

The speaker has poor knowledge of the subject or is inadequately prepared.

The listener has poor knowledge of the subject or is inadequately prepared for it.

Emotional

The speaker does not believe in the message or support the policy behind it.

One of the communicators may have negative or hostile reactions towards the other.

Motivational

The listener is not interested in the subject.

The speaker or the listener my be temporarily preoccupied.

Finding Your Voice

VoiceIt is the distinctive quality or condition of a person’s speech.

A good speaking voice should be:Clear

Pleasant

Persuasive

Professional

Mechanics of Voice

Respiration

a. the placing of air dissolved gases in intimate contact with the circulating medium of multi-cellular organism (as by breathing) b. a single complete act of breathing

the physical and chemical processes by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them from the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions

any of various energy-yielding oxidative reactions in living matter

The amount of air we inhale is crucial to speech production because this determines the loudness or softness of our voice.

Phonation

to produce vocal sounds especially speech

The sound is produced through the larynx which is also called the voice box.

Resonation

the intensification and enriching of a musical tone by supplementary vibration

quality imparted to voiced sounds by vibration in anatomical resonating chambers or cavities (as the mouth or the nasal cavity)

a quality of richness or variety(rich, nasal, or flat voice - timbre)

Articulation

to utter distinctly

This refers to the modification of the vocal tone by the tongue, lips, jaw, and soft and hard palate in order to produce distinct speech sounds.

Vocal Attributes

Rate is the quickness or slowness of speech.

Pitfalls- Speaking too fast- Slurring words- Speaking too slowly- Using excessive fillers

Vocal Attributes

Pitch is the highness or lowness of speech.

Pitfalls- Sounding too shrill- Droning- Sounding Uncertain

Vocal Attributes

Volume is the loudness and softness of our voice.

Pitfalls- Being too soft-spoken- Mumbling- Being too loud- Dropping your voice at the end of the

sentence

Vocal Attributes

Tone involves the manner in which we say things.

Pitfalls- Sounding monotonous- Putting people down with your tone- Having harshness in your voice

Projecting Confidence

Speak at a moderate speed.

Speak in a comfortable pitch range.

Ensure appropriate volume.

Speak with enthusiasm.

Speak with clarity.

Collecting and

projecting, receding and speeding

and shocking and rocking

and darting and parting

and treading and spreading

and whizzing and hissing

and dripping and skipping

and hitting and splitting

and shining and twining

and rattling and battling

and shaking and quaking

and pouring and roaring

and waving and raving and flowing and going

and heaving and cleaving

and foaming and roaming

and moaning and groaning

and dropping and hopping.

EXERCISESOpen mouth wide.“Ka-ka-ka-ka-ka”“Ga-ga-ga-ga-ga-ga”“Ha-ha-ha-ha”“ka-ga-ha”Blow out gently five times. Feel your belly

come in as you blow out.Produce an /s/ sound gently five times.Produce the /sh/ sound

Pitch ExercisesOne... Pickety!Siren Diaphragm (lowest pitch)Chest (mid pitch)Throat (high pitch)Nose (highest pitch)

Volume ExercisesBowling ball“I have something to tell you.”

“My name is...”“What I’ve been trying to say...

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