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“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” Communication and ATC Communication and ATC “Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a problem”
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
Communication and ATCCommunication and ATCCommunication and ATCCommunication and ATC“Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a
problem”“Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a
problem”
RoadmapRoadmapRoadmapRoadmap
VHF Communication EquipmentRadio Operations at uncontrolled
fieldsRadio Operations at controlled fieldsLost Communications Procedures
VHF Communication EquipmentRadio Operations at uncontrolled
fieldsRadio Operations at controlled fieldsLost Communications Procedures
VHF Communication EquipmentVHF Communication EquipmentVHF Communication EquipmentVHF Communication Equipment
VHF Range 118 – 135.975 MHz
Limited to line of Sight Buildings, terrain, or curvature of the earth block
radio wavesAntennasMilitary - UHF
VHF Range 118 – 135.975 MHz
Limited to line of Sight Buildings, terrain, or curvature of the earth block
radio wavesAntennasMilitary - UHF
Using the RadioUsing the RadioUsing the RadioUsing the Radio
Professional Phraseology (AIM Pilot Controller Glossary) No Slang, CB Jargon, ETC. Brief transmissions
State who, where, and whatEnglish recommended by ICAO
(International Civil Aviation Organization) If not official language – state must make it
available
Phonetic Alphabet
Professional Phraseology (AIM Pilot Controller Glossary) No Slang, CB Jargon, ETC. Brief transmissions
State who, where, and whatEnglish recommended by ICAO
(International Civil Aviation Organization) If not official language – state must make it
available
Phonetic Alphabet
Using the Radio (cont’d)Using the Radio (cont’d)Using the Radio (cont’d)Using the Radio (cont’d)
Numbers“Niner”Decimal point – (135.4)
N – NumbersCombination of five letters and numbersAll registered U.S. aircraft begin with
“N”
Numbers“Niner”Decimal point – (135.4)
N – NumbersCombination of five letters and numbersAll registered U.S. aircraft begin with
“N”
Numbers on RadioNumbers on RadioNumbers on RadioNumbers on Radio
Coordinated Universal Time Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)(UTC)
Coordinated Universal Time Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)(UTC)
24 Hour clock system International standard
time (Zulu Time) Places entire world on
one standard time zone Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT)
If it is 1300 local in South Bend, what time is it in Greenwich?
24 Hour clock system International standard
time (Zulu Time) Places entire world on
one standard time zone Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT)
If it is 1300 local in South Bend, what time is it in Greenwich?
Time Conversion Table
To Convert From: To UTC (Zulu)
Eastern Standard Time Add 5 Hours
Central Standard Time Add 6 Hours
Mountain Standard Time Add 7 Hours
Pacific Standard Time Add 8 Hours
NOTE: For daylight time, subtract 1 hour from the conversion time before converting to UTC (Zulu).
Radio Procedures at Uncontrolled FieldsRadio Procedures at Uncontrolled FieldsRadio Procedures at Uncontrolled FieldsRadio Procedures at Uncontrolled FieldsCTAF (Common Traffic Advisory
Frequency)Receive Airport AdvisoriesActivate Pilot Control LightingFound in AF/D (Airport Facilities Directory)Self – Announced Broadcasting of
Intentions Not required, but good practice
CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency)
Receive Airport AdvisoriesActivate Pilot Control LightingFound in AF/D (Airport Facilities Directory)Self – Announced Broadcasting of
Intentions Not required, but good practice
UNICOMUNICOMUNICOMUNICOMPrivately Owned – not officialCTAF will be designated UnicomRequest:
Airport AdvisoryWinds / Active RunwayKnown TrafficServices (ex. Fueling, Cab, Pizza)
Privately Owned – not officialCTAF will be designated UnicomRequest:
Airport AdvisoryWinds / Active RunwayKnown TrafficServices (ex. Fueling, Cab, Pizza)
Airport Advisory AreaAirport Advisory AreaAirport Advisory AreaAirport Advisory Area
FSS (Flight Service Station) on the Field
Extends 10 sm FSS contacted on CTAF (123.6)
Wind directionFavored runwayTraffic pattern information
FSS (Flight Service Station) on the Field
Extends 10 sm FSS contacted on CTAF (123.6)
Wind directionFavored runwayTraffic pattern information
Self – Announcing ProceduresSelf – Announcing ProceduresSelf – Announcing ProceduresSelf – Announcing Procedures
Announce on CTAF/UNICOM Use MULTICOM (122.9
MHz) only if there is no tower, FSS, or CTAF/UNICOM
MULTICOM provides air-to-air communications for pilots to self – announce position and intentions
Announce on CTAF/UNICOM Use MULTICOM (122.9
MHz) only if there is no tower, FSS, or CTAF/UNICOM
MULTICOM provides air-to-air communications for pilots to self – announce position and intentions
CTAF ProceduresCTAF ProceduresCTAF ProceduresCTAF Procedures
Initial call made 10 miles from airportUse airport’s name at the beginning and
end of transmissionReport entering traffic patternReport departing the traffic pattern
Communicate on CTAF taxi and departure intentions
Use CTAF when maneuvering (in traffic pattern)
Enroute / Overflight
Initial call made 10 miles from airportUse airport’s name at the beginning and
end of transmissionReport entering traffic patternReport departing the traffic pattern
Communicate on CTAF taxi and departure intentions
Use CTAF when maneuvering (in traffic pattern)
Enroute / Overflight
Radio Procedure at Controlled FieldsRadio Procedure at Controlled FieldsRadio Procedure at Controlled FieldsRadio Procedure at Controlled Fields
Airspace?ATC Facilities
(1) - Clearance Delivery2 - Ground Control3 - Control Tower(4) - Departure / Approach Control
Airspace?ATC Facilities
(1) - Clearance Delivery2 - Ground Control3 - Control Tower(4) - Departure / Approach Control
Departure ProceduresDeparture ProceduresDeparture ProceduresDeparture Procedures
Controlled AirportsReceive clearance to taxi, takeoff, and
subsequently leave airspace
At large airports with heavy traffic departure procedures can be complex
ATIS (automated terminal information service)
Controlled AirportsReceive clearance to taxi, takeoff, and
subsequently leave airspace
At large airports with heavy traffic departure procedures can be complex
ATIS (automated terminal information service)
Clearance DeliveryClearance DeliveryClearance DeliveryClearance Delivery
Air Traffic Control ClearanceAuthorization by ATC for you to proceed
under specific traffic condition within controlled airspace
Prevent collisionsMust read back all clearancesUsed for VFR flights in Class B and
Class C.Always for IFR flights
Air Traffic Control ClearanceAuthorization by ATC for you to proceed
under specific traffic condition within controlled airspace
Prevent collisionsMust read back all clearancesUsed for VFR flights in Class B and
Class C.Always for IFR flights
Ground ControlGround ControlGround ControlGround Control
ATC functionDirecting movement of aircraft and other
vehicles on the airport surfaceMust have clearance to operate on
surfaceProgressive Taxi
At unfamiliar airports the controller will, upon request, provide you with detailed taxi instructions to where you want to go
May be in stages
ATC functionDirecting movement of aircraft and other
vehicles on the airport surfaceMust have clearance to operate on
surfaceProgressive Taxi
At unfamiliar airports the controller will, upon request, provide you with detailed taxi instructions to where you want to go
May be in stages
Control TowerControl TowerControl TowerControl Tower
Takeoff/Landing Clearance
“Taxi into position and hold”
“Hold Short”Specific heading
and turns after takeoff
Takeoff/Landing Clearance
“Taxi into position and hold”
“Hold Short”Specific heading
and turns after takeoff
Departure ControlDeparture ControlDeparture ControlDeparture ControlProvide radar
coverage and sequencing of aircraft
Radar Contact Aircraft identified by
ATC and flight following will be provided
Flight Following Controller observing
your progress while you provide your own navigation
Provide radar coverage and sequencing of aircraft
Radar Contact Aircraft identified by
ATC and flight following will be provided
Flight Following Controller observing
your progress while you provide your own navigation
Approach ControlApproach ControlApproach ControlApproach Control
ATC function which provides sequencing and separation services for inbound aircraft
Frequencies are published on sectionals and broadcasted over ATIS
Multiple freqs for large airports
ATC function which provides sequencing and separation services for inbound aircraft
Frequencies are published on sectionals and broadcasted over ATIS
Multiple freqs for large airports
Lost Comms ProceduresLost Comms ProceduresLost Comms ProceduresLost Comms Procedures
Can lose communications and still land at an airport with operating control tower
Procedures: Squawk 7600 (transponder code) Determine flow of traffic Join the traffic pattern and maintain visual
contact with control tower to receive light gun signals
Acknowledge tower transmission by rocking wings (daytime) or blinking your landing light (night)
Can lose communications and still land at an airport with operating control tower
Procedures: Squawk 7600 (transponder code) Determine flow of traffic Join the traffic pattern and maintain visual
contact with control tower to receive light gun signals
Acknowledge tower transmission by rocking wings (daytime) or blinking your landing light (night)
Light Gun SignalsLight Gun SignalsLight Gun SignalsLight Gun SignalsColor Type Ground Air
Steady Cleared for Takeoff Cleared to Land
Flashing Cleared to Taxi Return for Landing
Steady Stop Give way & continue to circle
Flashing Clear Area of Landing
Airport Unsafe, Do Not Land
Flashing Return to Start N/A
Alternating
Exercise Extreme Caution
Exercise Extreme Caution
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
Sequence of EventsSequence of EventsSequence of EventsSequence of Events
Uncontrolled FieldUncontrolled FieldUncontrolled FieldUncontrolled Field
DepartingASOSAnnounce:
Taxi (for takeoff)Departing
Takeoff Traffic Pattern
Clear of Airport
DepartingASOSAnnounce:
Taxi (for takeoff)Departing
Takeoff Traffic Pattern
Clear of Airport
ArrivingASOSAnnounce:
10NM out Intentions
5NM out Entrance to pattern
Traffic Pattern Entering Turning Legs
Exiting RunwayTaxiing to parking
ArrivingASOSAnnounce:
10NM out Intentions
5NM out Entrance to pattern
Traffic Pattern Entering Turning Legs
Exiting RunwayTaxiing to parking
Class B & CClass B & CClass B & CClass B & C
DepartingATISClearance DeliveryGroundTowerDeparture
DepartingATISClearance DeliveryGroundTowerDeparture
ArrivingATISApproachTowerGround
ArrivingATISApproachTowerGround
Class D & E*Class D & E*Class D & E*Class D & E*
DepartingATISGroundTower
DepartingATISGroundTower
ArrivingATISTowerGround
ArrivingATISTowerGround
* Towered Class E is extremely rare, but does exist
“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
ExampleExampleExampleExample
ATISATISATISATIS
“South Bend airport information Kilo, 2153 zulu weather. Winds 240 @ 12. Visibility 7. Sky conditions, overcast 2,700. Temperature 12, dewpoint 9. Altimeter 29.87. Landing and departing runways 27L and 27R. Notice to airman, there is a 100 foot crane located 2NM off the departure end of 27R. Taxiway Lima is closed for construction. Advise on initial contact you have information Kilo.”
“South Bend airport information Kilo, 2153 zulu weather. Winds 240 @ 12. Visibility 7. Sky conditions, overcast 2,700. Temperature 12, dewpoint 9. Altimeter 29.87. Landing and departing runways 27L and 27R. Notice to airman, there is a 100 foot crane located 2NM off the departure end of 27R. Taxiway Lima is closed for construction. Advise on initial contact you have information Kilo.”
Clearance DeliveryClearance DeliveryClearance DeliveryClearance Delivery
N22ND: South Bend Clearance, N22ND.Clearance: N22ND, South Bend Clearance.N22ND: Clearance, 2ND would like to depart VFR to
the east heading 090, 3,500, information Kilo.Clearance: N2ND, squawk 4316, departure
frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised.
N22ND: Squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised, 2ND.
Clearance: N2ND, read back correct.
N22ND: South Bend Clearance, N22ND.Clearance: N22ND, South Bend Clearance.N22ND: Clearance, 2ND would like to depart VFR to
the east heading 090, 3,500, information Kilo.Clearance: N2ND, squawk 4316, departure
frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised.
N22ND: Squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised, 2ND.
Clearance: N2ND, read back correct.
Ground ControlGround ControlGround ControlGround Control
N22ND: Ground, N22ND is at Corporate Wings, ready for VFR taxi.
Ground: N2ND, taxi to runway 27R.
N22ND: Taxi to 27R, 2ND.
N22ND: Ground, N22ND is at Corporate Wings, ready for VFR taxi.
Ground: N2ND, taxi to runway 27R.
N22ND: Taxi to 27R, 2ND.
Tower ControlTower ControlTower ControlTower Control
N22ND: Tower, 2ND is ready for takeoff at 27R.Tower: N2ND, taxi into position and hold runway
27R.N22ND: 27R, taxi into position and hold, 2ND.Tower: N2ND, after departure turn right heading
070, maintain 2,500. Runway 27R, cleared for takeoff.
N22ND: Turn right heading 070, 2,500, cleared for takeoff 27R, 2ND.
~~Tower: N2ND, contact departure, have a nice flight.N22ND: Switching to departure, 2ND.
N22ND: Tower, 2ND is ready for takeoff at 27R.Tower: N2ND, taxi into position and hold runway
27R.N22ND: 27R, taxi into position and hold, 2ND.Tower: N2ND, after departure turn right heading
070, maintain 2,500. Runway 27R, cleared for takeoff.
N22ND: Turn right heading 070, 2,500, cleared for takeoff 27R, 2ND.
~~Tower: N2ND, contact departure, have a nice flight.N22ND: Switching to departure, 2ND.
Departure ControlDeparture ControlDeparture ControlDeparture Control
N22ND: South Bend Departure, N22ND, passing 1,200 for 2,500.
Departure: N22ND, climb and maintain 3,500, fly heading 080.
N22ND: Climb and maintain 3,500, heading 080, 2ND.
~~Departure: N2ND, traffic 3:00, 5 miles, northbound
3,000 feet.N22ND: Traffic in sight, 2ND.Departure: N2ND, proceed on course.N22ND: Proceed on course, 2ND.
N22ND: South Bend Departure, N22ND, passing 1,200 for 2,500.
Departure: N22ND, climb and maintain 3,500, fly heading 080.
N22ND: Climb and maintain 3,500, heading 080, 2ND.
~~Departure: N2ND, traffic 3:00, 5 miles, northbound
3,000 feet.N22ND: Traffic in sight, 2ND.Departure: N2ND, proceed on course.N22ND: Proceed on course, 2ND.
Any Questions?Any Questions?Any Questions?Any Questions?
