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7/31/2019 Communication Flow in Organizations
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Dt: 7th
Sep 2011
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Formal Network Flow: It follows a companys formal
organizational chart to achieve organizational goals
Informal Network Flow: It develops when people interact
within formal communication system to accommodate social
and psychological needs.
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The direction can be of
Downward Communication
Upward Communication
Horizontal / Lateral Communication
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It flows from the hierarchy to the subordinates on the
organizational chart.
Supervisor to employees
Policy makers to operating personnel
From top to bottom
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It is the feedback to downward communication and involves
risk.
Managements requests information
Employees talk about their fellow employees, work , methods
and their perceptions
It keeps the management informed about the feelings of the
lower-level employees and taps the expertise of employees
It may be misleading sometimes
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It describes interactions between organizational units on the
same hierarchical level.
The primary means of achieving coordination in a functional
organizational structure
Helps in accomplishing task goals
Relevant in cross-functional teams
Do not allow much room for this communication
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The Grapevine
The grapevine, often called the rumor mill, is one of the best
example of informal communication systems
It is spontaneous, speedy but inaccurate
Output depends on message Input
Spreads information to a huge number in a short time
It has no single, consistent source
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Four Principle Factors
Legal and Ethical Constraint Diversity Challenges
Team Environment
Changing Technology
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International Laws
Domestic Laws
Code of Ethics
Stakeholder Interest
Ethical Frameworks
Personal Values
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Consider your personal value system
Check your tendency to rationalize
Learn to analyze ethical dilemma
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Excessive emphasis on profits
Misplaced corporate loyalty
Obsession with personal advancement
Expectation of not getting caught
Unethical tone set by the top management
Uncertainty about whether an action is wrong
Unwillingness to take a stand for what is right
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Four Dimensions of Business Behaviour
Behaviour that is Illegal and Unethical
Behaviour that is Illegal, yet Ethical
Behaviour that is Legal, yet Unethical
Behaviour that is Both Legal and Ethical
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Dt:9th Sep
2011
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When a person fails to consider the diversities in the
workplaces such as age, gender, culture, education,
communication suffers, and the result is often embarrassing
and potentially costly.
Communication Opportunities and Challenges in Diversity
Culture and Communication
Barriers to Intercultural Communication
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Need of the hour
Trace out Diversity Skills Requirement Make them Competent in Diversity Skills
Steps taken
To undertake Diversity Initiative
To provide Diversity-Training Seminar
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Culture can be observed in three levels
Visible Level: All Physical and visible elements of culture
such as dress, art, music, monuments, food, and artifacts.
Behavioral Level: It explains how members of a culturalgroup communicate, explain, rationalize, and behave in
different situations.
Belief System: It answers fundamental questions about life ,morality, life after death.
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These 4 dimensions can be useful in understanding andcommunicating with people from different culture.
Power Distance:
It describes the extent to which less powerful people expectand accept the fact that power is unequal within the country oran organization.
Individualism versus Collectivism:Individualistic cultures are those that emphasize individualgoals and behavior, while collectivist cultures emphasize groupgoals and behaviors.(Low & High Context Communication Practices)
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Masculinity versus Femininity:
Cultures that are high in masculinity enforce distinctly different
roles for men and women, while those that are feminine allowfor more the blurring of roles between men and women.
Uncertainty Avoidance:Different attitude in accepting risk
(US / France)
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Barriers to intercultural communication includes
Ethnocentrism
Stereotypes
Chronemics Proxemics
Haptics
Kinesics
Language Translation Limitations
Commonsense Approach
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Ethnocentrism: The belief that the specific patterns of behavior desired in ones
own culture are universally valued. We must learn to develop
sensitivity towards other culture to minimize ethnocentricreactions.
Stereotypes: A mental picture of the main characteristics of another group,
creating preformed ideas of what people in this group are likeis called stereotypes. Here the other person perceived as arepresentative of a class rather than an individual.
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Chronemics: The study of how a culture perceives time and it use . Like
In India In US, Canada, Northern Europe
Latin America, Asia, and Middle East
Proxemics; The study of cultural space requirements is known as
proxemics.
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Intimate
6-18Inches
18-48Inches
Personal
4-12Feet
Social
Public
Public
PublicPublic
Proximity TheoryEdward T. Hall
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Haptics: The study of touch. What is appropriate and peoples tendency
to touch differs by culture and gender.
Kinesics: The study of body language. It is not universal and should be
learned from ones culture. Like North American symbol for okey means zero in France money in Japan an expression of vulgarity in Brazil, Greece, Italy, Turky,
Russia Excellent in India
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Translation Limitation: Words in one language do not always have an equivalent
meaning in other language, and the concepts the words
describe are often different as well.
Commonsense Approach: Minimize the barriers Learn about and experience other culture
Cultivate patience with yourself and with others
Get help when you need it
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High time to do away with traditional hierarchical
communication pattern.
Trust Building Open Meetings with employees
Shared Leadership with internal customers
Listening, Problem Solving, Conflict Resolution,
Negotiation, Consensus for group communication Vertical (top-down) and horizontal information flow
to make all informed
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Self-directed Work Team
Teams must be encouraged to establish the three Rs
- roles, rules, and relationships Constructive criticism
Emotional barriers
Process barriers
Cultural barriers
Distributed leadership
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THANK YOU