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Communication in the Human Body

Date post: 23-Feb-2016
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Communication in the Human Body. Two Systems. Nervous Fast and short term communication Electrical (neurons) Chemical (neurotransmitters) Endocrine Slow and long term communication Chemical (hormones). Your Senses. What’s Happening. Neuron’s (Cells that make up nerves) 3 parts: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Communication in the Human Body
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Page 1: Communication in the Human Body

Communicationin the Human Body

Page 2: Communication in the Human Body

Two Systems

• Nervous – Fast and short term

communication– Electrical (neurons)– Chemical

(neurotransmitters)• Endocrine– Slow and long term

communication– Chemical (hormones)

Page 3: Communication in the Human Body

Your Senses

Location Distance (mm) Observations

Arm

Finger Tip

Back of Neck

Page 4: Communication in the Human Body

What’s Happening• Neuron’s (Cells that

make up nerves)• 3 parts:

– Dendrite (where input happens (receptors))

– Cell Body (where organelles are located)

– Axon – message is sent down (axon terminal – output)

• Neurons are bundled together to make a nerve!

Page 5: Communication in the Human Body

Types of Neurons

• Sensory Neuron – organ to central nervous system (CNS)

• Interneuron – make up CNS

• Motor Neuron – from CNS to organ

Page 6: Communication in the Human Body

Neurons are Specific

• Individual Neurons respond to only 1 type of stimulus.

• Example Touch (3 types of neurons)– Pressure– Pain– Temperature

Page 7: Communication in the Human Body

How Neurons Work• Neurons are polarized

(negative inside and positive outside)

• When “fire” they temporarily depolarize

• This is propagated down the axon to the axon terminal

• All or none (action potential)– either enough stimulus (threshold) for nerve to completely “fire” or does not “fire” at all

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwN9aCobCy8

Page 8: Communication in the Human Body

Neurotransmitters• Communication between

neurons at the synapse– Small space between axon

terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

• Are specific – needs to be receptor for neurotransmitter on receiving dendrite

• Released triggered by electrical signal.

• Re-uptake: Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed and reused

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4NX87Yk&feature=endscreen&NR=1

Page 9: Communication in the Human Body

2 categories of neurotransmitters

• Excite or cause action potential

• Inhibit or prevent action potential

• Many drugs mimic or act like neurotransmitters

Page 10: Communication in the Human Body

Endocrine System

• Chemical messengers• Specific – has to be a

receptor for the hormone in order for the cell to respond to it.

• Control – normally a negative feedback loop

• Some drugs can also mimic hormones


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