Communication:SpeechDisordersandAAC

StanleyJ.CantrellPSYCH8040

February22,2017

Outline

• BasicsofCommunication• IntrotoAAC• TypesofDisordersand/orConditions• TypesofAACTechnologies

Whatiscommunication?

Communication• aprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividualsthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehavior(Merriam-Webster)

• Sender=communicator• Encoder=meansoftransmission• Channel=medium• Decoder=meansofreceptions• Receiver=recipient

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Microphone, Internet Monitor, Lois

Keyboard,etc. Speakers,etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->

(Message)

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Microphone, Internet Monitor, Lois

Keyboard,etc. Speakers,etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->

(Message)

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Speech,Gestures, Air Eyes,Ears, Lois

BodyLang.,etc. (Nose), etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->

(Message)

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Speech,Gestures, Air Eyes,Ears, Lois

BodyLang.,etc. (Nose), etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->

(Message)

Whattoolsdoyouusetocommunicate?

Howdothosetools“affect”yourabilitytocommunicate

effectively?

AAC,AugmentativeandAlternativeCommunication• AACis:• asetoftoolsandstrategiesthatanindividualusestosolveeverydaycommunicativechallenges• AnareaofclinicalpracticethataimstoassistpeoplewithComplexCommunicationNeeds(CCN)

• AACtechnologiesareoftendesignedtohelpindividualswithseverespeechimpairments• Majororganizations:ISAAC,ASHA

“Communicationistheveryessenceofbeinghuman…”– Cook&Polgar

TypesofAACSystems

• Unaided:• Bodylanguage,facialexpressions,gesturing,signing,gazing,etc.• Highlycultural,highlycontextual,highlydependentonphysicalcapabilities• Noexternalresources

• *Youtube Video

TypesofAACSystems

• Aided:• Penorpencil,flashcards,pictures,laserpointer,computer,cellphone,speechgenerationdevice(SGD)• Externalresources,oftenhigh-tech,oftenexpensive,mayrequireconsultationwithaSpeech-LanguagePathologist

• *YouTubevideo

DisordersandConditions

• CerebralPalsy• AutismSpectrumDisorders• Developmentallanguagedelays• Traumaticbraininjury• Progressiveneurologicaldisorders,suchasALS• Stroke• Certaingeneticdisorders• Ataxia• dyspraxia• Aphasia

DisordersandConditions

• CerebralPalsy• AutismSpectrumDisorders• Developmentallanguagedelays• Traumaticbraininjury• Progressiveneurologicaldisorders,suchasALS• Stroke• Certaingeneticdisorders• Ataxia• Dyspraxia• Aphasia

CerebralPalsy

• Anumbrellatermthatreferstonon-progressiveneurologicaldisordersthatoccurwhilethechild’sbrainisunderdevelopment

• Cerebral=Cerebrum,Palsy=Paralysis• Theresultingparalysisofcertainbodypartsduetobraindamage

• Cerebralpalsyisthemostcommonchildhoodphysicaldisability,nearly764,000peopleintheU.S. have CP

• CPisalife-longcondition• CPaffectseachindividualdifferently• CPisanon-progressivedisorder

• 4typesofCP:• Spastic(70%),Athetoid/dyskinetic (10%),Ataxic(10%),Mixed(10%)

• SymptomsofCPinclude:• variationsinmuscletone• stiffmuscles• Exaggeratedreflexes• lackofcoordination• Tremors• difficultyeating• difficultyproducingspeech• seizures

Autism• Autism,orautismspectrumdisorder,referstoabroadrangeofconditionscharacterizedbychallengeswithsocialskills,repetitivebehaviors,speechandnonverbalcommunication

• Theterm“spectrum”reflectsthewidevariationinchallenges

• CDCestimatesautism’sprevalenceas1in68childrenintheUnitedStates• Thisincludes1in42boysand1in189girls

• Aroundonethirdofpeoplewithautismremainnonverbal.

• Aroundonethirdofpeoplewithautismhaveanintellectualdisability.

• Possiblesignsinclude(infancy):• nosocialsmilesorotherwarm,joyful

expressionsdirectedatpeople• limitedornoeyecontact• nouseofgesturestocommunicate• nowords

• Possiblesignsinclude(anyage):• Struggleswithunderstandingotherpeople’s

feelings• Avoidseyecontactandpreferstobealone• Remainsnonverbalorhasdelayedlanguage

development• Performsrepetitivebehaviorssuchasflapping,

rockingorspinning• Hasunusualandoftenintensereactionsto

sounds,smells,tastes,textures,lightsand/orcolors

Dysarthria

• Dysarthria isamotorspeechdisorderthatresultsfromimpairedmovementofthemusclesusedforspeechproduction(lips,tongue,vocalfolds,anddiaphragm)• Canbecausedbynervoussystemdisordersorbyconditionsthatcausefacial/toungue/muscleparalysis• Treatmentisdirectedattreatingtheunderlyingcauseoftheconditionwhenpossible• Speechtherapymayhelpimprovespeech

ThankYou!