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Defense Innovation
Eric D. Evans
Director
28 August 2018
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MIT Lincoln LaboratoryDoD Federally Funded Research and Development Center
Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts
Mission: Technology in Support of National Security
Key Roles: System architecture engineering
Long-term technology development
System prototyping and demonstration
Air, Missile, and
Maritime Defense
Technology
Homeland
Protection
Air Traffic
Control
Communication
Systems
Advanced
Technology
Space
Systems and
Technology
ISR Systems
and TechnologyTactical Systems
FY18 Funding: $1.05B
Mission Areas:
Cyber
Security
Engineering
Number of Employees: 3995
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National Security LandscapeDeterrence Perspective
Deterrence Levels Current Issues
Strategic
• Nuclear
• Cyber
• Biological
Conventional/Tactical
• Power projection
• Counter-A2/AD
• Conventional homeland defense
• Counterterrorism
Gray-zone
• Strategic campaign
• Whole of government response
• Multipolar global threat
• Cross-domain deterrence
• Escalation lattice
• Status of nuclear triad
• Missile defense
• Rise of tactical nuclear weapons
• Key system needs
Persistent sensing
Long-range quantity at low cost
Distributed value / disaggregation
Unmanned/autonomous systems
Cyber resilience
• Full effects chain capabilities
• Indications and warning systems
• Information campaign approach
• Reversible effects
• Covert effects
Escalation
Control
Crisis
Management
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DoD 5000 Acquisition Approach
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High-level Industrial Base Model
Production inIndustrial Base
System Concept Development
Research and TechnologyDevelopment
Prototyping and Demonstration
Operations
Supply Chain
D S B S U M M E R S T U D Y O N S T R A T E G I C
S U R P R I S E
D S B S U M M E R S T U D Y O N S T R A T E G I C
S U R P R I S E
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Production inIndustrial Base
System Concept Development
Research and TechnologyDevelopment
Prototyping and Demonstration
Operations• Transition approach unclear
• System concept extension of known conventional approaches
• Technology not mature • Prototype does not adequately reduce risk
• Industry not included early
• Limited operational input for prototype enhancement
• Transition and production funding not programmed
• Adaptability not designed into system
• Processor and software upgrades difficult
• Limited operational pull
• Concept of operations undefined
• Funding or time for training not available
• Testing not adequate for learning systems
• Limited operational testing under degraded conditions
• Readiness and sustainment funding not available
• Limited visibility into vulnerabilities and scalability
• Some commercial companies unwilling to participate
• Some aspects of chain under attack
• Limited or nooperational input
Supply Chain
High-level Industrial Base Model
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GEN 3 Processor
dB
Rela
tiv
e t
o
Th
erm
al N
ois
e
–15
–10
–5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Range (km)145
0
5
150 155 160 165 170 175 180
Non-AdaptivePre-Doppler STAP
Mitigation of Clutter
Mountaintop Test Site
STAP Performance Verification
Hawkeye 2000
E-2C Radar ModernizationLincoln Laboratory Roles
Digital Receivers
ADS-18 Antenna
• Technology prototype development
• System test beds and measurements
• STAP algorithm development
• Technology transfer to industry
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“Low-Flying” Test Target
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Key Enabling TechnologyGeiger-mode Imager: Photon-to-Digital Conversion
• Single-photon sensitivity
• Large format arrays
• High frame rate
• Sub-ns timing
• Noiseless readout
Polyimide
passivation
4 mm
InP
Su
bs
trate
InGaAsP
absorber
InP
multiplier
InP APD
Incident
Photons
Carrier
Generation
Avalanche
Region
LensletArray
Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
Array
CMOSReadout
APDDetector
Array
DigitalTimingCircuit
DigitallyEncodedPhoton
Arrival Time
Pixel Circuit
AvalanchePhotodiode
(APD)
Photon
64 x 256 (2009)32 x 128 (2006)
Geiger-mode imagers enable revolutionary ladar capability
− High altitude operation
− High area coverage rate
128 x 256 (2015)
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Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode ArraysProgram Genealogy
OSD
Line
$750k
OSD
Line
$1.7M
2000 2005
OSD
Line
$800k
OSD
Line
$1.0M
OSD
Line
$950k
OSD
Line
$900k
OSD
Line
$2.2M
OSD
Line
$1.1M
OSD
Line
$850k
OSD
Line
$1.65M
OSD
Line
$650k
OSD
Line
$500k
OSD
Line
$250k
OSD
Line
$500k
20101998
Program 1418
$48M (FY06–11)External: $133.6M
Internal: $13.8M
ALIRT
$30M (FY99–FY09)32 × 32 Silicon APD
Array for ALIRT
32 × 128 InGaAs APD
Array for ALIRT
SOUTHCOM
FALCON-I
$12M (FY10–
Present)
DARPA Jigsaw
$18M (FY01–FY07) ALIRT Deployment
$21M (FY10–Present)
Low-Jitter Silicon APD
Arrays
SLBD
$2.1M (FY02–03)
32 × 32 InGaAs APD
Array for ALIRT
Haiti
Disaster Relief
$2.5M (FY10)
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MACHETE: Advanced FOPEN Ladar System for USSOUTHCOM
DHC-8-202 Turboprop Platform
• Scalable, multi-INT
• Advanced
algorithms
• Transportable
MACHETE Ground Processing Station
• E/O-like
resolution
• 3D imagery
• Laser: 15W, 400ps,
20kHz
• Detectors: 64×256
array (dual)
MACHETE Sensor
• Near real time products
• Handles 1 GB/s
data rates
• SWaP constrained
• 2.5x real time
MACHETE Onboard Processing Station
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Rain Forest FOPEN Imagery Example: El Yunque National Forest
3D Ladar - 12
MJK 9/13/2018
Collection parameters:Sensor: ALIRT
Location: El Yunque Forest
Flight altitude: 7.5 kft AGL
Imaging time: ~ 30 seconds
Box size: (200 m)2
ALIRT Puerto Rico campaign success resulted in USSOUTHCOM tasking Lincoln to develop
FOPEN-optimized, next generation ladar sensor
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NASA Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration (LLCD)
• Demonstrate high-rate optical trunk from
lunar orbit (385,000 km)
– 622 Mbps downlink
– 20 Mbps uplink
– Sub-cm ranging
• Laboratory roles
– Lasercom architecture and system
engineering
– Build space terminal
– Build portable ground terminal
– Build lasercom operations center
– Operate lasercom system and perform
experiments
– Develop superconducting nanowire
detectors for ground terminal
LLCD on Lunar Atmosphere and Dust
Environment Explorer (LADEE)
LLCD Space Terminal Integrated with
LADEE Spacecraft
LLCD Ground Terminal
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Rapid Capability Development Approach
Concept
Engineering
“Skunk Works”
Prototyping
Development Production
Operations
Technology
PM
Dec
Deploy
Dec
MS
C
• Short spec
• Development
• Testing
• Intel review
• Operational needs
• Lean Red Team
• Lean Blue Team
LRIP FRP
• Training
• Sustainment
• Technology “push” investment
• Technology maturation
• Phenomenology measurements
Accept
Dec
PM – Program Manager
LRIP – Low-Rate Initial Production
FRP – Full Rate Production
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Examples of Systems Developed through Rapid Development Approach
Constant Hawk Camera Upgrades and
Ground Processing
JCREW Jammers
Radiant Falcon Counter IED Sensing
Platform
Advanced Air Force Jamming
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MIT Lincoln Laboratory Beaver WorksJoint Center with MIT School of Engineering
Continuing to scale up Beaver Works opportunities to impact “Service to the Nation and World”
– Providing exceptional high-impact project-based learning opportunities and significant sponsor value
– LL - Aero/Astro Beaver Works extension completed (Building 31, ~4,000 sqft, Summer 2018 opening)
Beaver Works Capstone Projects
CEE (Civil and Environmental Engineering)
Assistive Technology Hackathon
(Feb 2015, Feb 2016, March 2017)
Lincoln IAP Courses
(2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
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Air Launched Micro UAV
• Deployed at 30,000 ft
– Standard chaff / flare canister
• ~30 min powered flight
– 25 to 35 m/s speed
• Custom avionics board
– Integrated GPS / INS
– Multi-band communications
• Open architecture payloads
“Perdix” Micro UAV System Key Operating Parameters
• Collaborative development of novel miniature air launched UAV system
– High altitude / high speed platform with ~30 min endurance
Development and Flight Test
• Initial design as Beaver Works Capstone(Course 16.82 in 2010/2011)
• Continued collaborative development
with Beaver Works and MIT Aero/Astro Dept.
Deployment
canister
Folded
wings
11.75” deployed wingspan, 270 grams
Autonomous flight systems
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Water-based Unmanned Air Vehicle
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Objectives
• Have “Warfighter” input early in the development process
• Educate active duty officers on Lincoln Laboratory and its capabilities
• Expose Lincoln Staff to active duty officers
• Educate the next generation of senior and junior military officers
• Expose Service Academy Midshipmen/Cadets to world class research
Active Duty
Military Fellows (42) for 2017 - 2018
Lincoln Laboratory Military Fellows Program
Service Academy Interns (76)
Summer of 2018
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High-level Industrial Base Model
Production inIndustrial Base
System Concept Development
Research and TechnologyDevelopment
Prototyping and Demonstration
Operations
Supply Chain
Risk taking
Sustained Investment
Rapid Development
and Transition
Operational Overlap
• Much innovation and new technology needed to sustain U.S.
defense advantages
• Stronger operational involvement needed in all areas