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CommunicationCommunicationss
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Communications Communications Systems and Systems and ComponentsComponents
Communications Communications Systems and Systems and ComponentsComponents
Communication Components
Communication Components
Understanding the elements Understanding the elements
of of communicationcommunication can make can make
you a more effectiveyou a more effective
EMS Provider.EMS Provider.
Base station:Base station:
A radio at a stationary site A radio at a stationary site with superior transmission with superior transmission and reception capabilities.and reception capabilities.
May be at a hospital, mountain top, dispatch center or other public safety agency.
Base Station Dispatch Center
PSAP:PSAP:
Public safety answering Public safety answering point.point.
Typically a 9-1-1 call-receiving center for a region or jurisdiction.
Two-way Transceiver - Mobile
Two-way Transceiver - Portable
Repeater:Repeater:
A remote receiver that receives A remote receiver that receives a transmission from a low-a transmission from a low-power portable or mobile radio power portable or mobile radio on one frequency, and then on one frequency, and then transmits the signal at a higher transmits the signal at a higher power (often on another power (often on another frequency).frequency).
Typical Repeater System
DispatcherDispatcher
HospitalHospitalPortablePortable
TransmitterTransmitter
RepeaterRepeater
EMS UnitEMS Unit
Radio Frequencies Radio Frequencies
Very High Frequency Very High Frequency (VHF)(VHF) Low bandLow band High bandHigh band
Ultra High Frequency Ultra High Frequency (UHF)(UHF) Used primarily for telemetryUsed primarily for telemetry
Telephones and Telephones and
cellular phones cellular phones
provide an excellent provide an excellent
alternativealternative
to radio to radio
communication.communication.
Radio channels are Radio channels are
regulated by the regulated by the Federal Federal
Communications Communications
Commission (FCC)...Commission (FCC)...
……who routinely monitors who routinely monitors
radio transmissions to radio transmissions to
ensure that ensure that proper proper
guidelinesguidelines are met. are met.
SystemSystemMaintenanceMaintenance
SystemSystemMaintenanceMaintenance
Proper Proper maintenance,maintenance, regular regular
inspectioninspection and and testingtesting of of
communications equipment communications equipment
cannot be overemphasized!cannot be overemphasized!
Procedures for Radio Procedures for Radio CommunicationsCommunicationsProcedures for Radio Procedures for Radio CommunicationsCommunications
Communication Principles
Communication Principles
Know local radio Know local radio communications procedures.communications procedures.
Radio Communications Principles Radio Communications Principles
Select proper channel and adjust volumeSelect proper channel and adjust volume
Ensure frequency is clear before transmittingEnsure frequency is clear before transmitting
Wait 1 second before speakingWait 1 second before speaking
Speak with lips 5 to 7 cm from microphoneSpeak with lips 5 to 7 cm from microphone
Address unit being called, then give name and number of unit callingAddress unit being called, then give name and number of unit calling
Communications Principles continued Communications Principles continued
Unit being called will acknowledge transmission, usually with Unit being called will acknowledge transmission, usually with “Go ahead.”“Go ahead.”
Speak clearly and slowlySpeak clearly and slowly
Keep transmissions briefKeep transmissions brief
Use clear everyday language Use clear everyday language (not codes)(not codes)
Avoid meaningless phrases Avoid meaningless phrases (e.g., “Be advised”)(e.g., “Be advised”)
Courtesy is always assumedCourtesy is always assumed
When giving a number that can be confusing, give the individual digitsWhen giving a number that can be confusing, give the individual digits
Do not use the patient’s name on the radioDo not use the patient’s name on the radio
Be impartial and objective with reportsBe impartial and objective with reports
Use “affirmative” and “negative” instead of “yes” and “no” (which are difficult to hear) Use “affirmative” and “negative” instead of “yes” and “no” (which are difficult to hear)
Communications Principles continued Communications Principles continued
Confirm that the information was received and understoodConfirm that the information was received and understood
Do not offer a diagnosis of the patient Do not offer a diagnosis of the patient (report objective findings and treatment)(report objective findings and treatment)
EMS channels should be used for EMS communications onlyEMS channels should be used for EMS communications only
Radio communications should be recorded by public safety agency or receiving hospitalRadio communications should be recorded by public safety agency or receiving hospital
Communications Principles continued Communications Principles continued
CommunicationCommunicationwith Dispatchwith Dispatch
CommunicationCommunicationwith Dispatchwith Dispatch
An An emergency medical dispatch emergency medical dispatch
(EMD)(EMD) system provides callers system provides callers
with pre-arrival instructions.with pre-arrival instructions.
Notify dispatcher when: Notify dispatcher when:
Receiving callReceiving call Responding to callResponding to call Arriving at sceneArriving at scene Arriving at patient’s sideArriving at patient’s side Leaving sceneLeaving scene Arriving at hospital or facilityArriving at hospital or facility Leaving hospital or facilityLeaving hospital or facility Arriving at stationArriving at station
Communication with Communication with Medical DirectionMedical Direction
Communication with Communication with Medical DirectionMedical Direction
Communicatio
n
with the
hospital must
be concise,
accurate,
organized
and pertinent.
Standard Reporting Format Standard Reporting Format
Patient’s age and genderPatient’s age and gender
Chief complaintChief complaint
History of present illnessHistory of present illness
Pertinent past medical historyPertinent past medical history
Mental statusMental status
Assessment findingsAssessment findings
Standard Reporting Format continued Standard Reporting Format continued
Vital signsVital signs
Treatment providedTreatment provided
Patient’s response to treatmentPatient’s response to treatment
Estimated time from scene to hospitalEstimated time from scene to hospital
Opportunity for questions from Opportunity for questions from
receiving facilityreceiving facility
Verbal Verbal CommunicationCommunication
Verbal Verbal CommunicationCommunication
Give a complete report to the Give a complete report to the hospital staff.hospital staff.
Hospital Staff Report Hospital Staff Report Summary of information given over Summary of information given over
the radiothe radio
Chief complaintChief complaint
Any history not givenAny history not given
Additional treatmentAdditional treatment
Additional vital signs taken en routeAdditional vital signs taken en route
Any additional pertinent information not given over the radioAny additional pertinent information not given over the radio
Interpersonal Interpersonal CommunicationCommunicationInterpersonal Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication
General PrinciplesGeneral Principles
To be effective, To be effective, EMS personnel EMS personnel need to need to understand the understand the fundamentals of fundamentals of interpersonal interpersonal communicatiocommunications.ns.
Effective Communication Tips Effective Communication Tips
Verbalize your supportVerbalize your support
Be a good listenerBe a good listener
Offer a reassuring touchOffer a reassuring touch
Be respectfulBe respectful
Separate personal biasSeparate personal bias
Be silent when appropriateBe silent when appropriate
Special Special PopulationsPopulations
Special Special PopulationsPopulations
Special Populations Special Populations Elderly personsElderly persons
Infants and childrenInfants and children
People who speak a foreign languagePeople who speak a foreign language
Patients with certain physical disabilitiesPatients with certain physical disabilities
Speak to Speak to
children in children in
a a calm, calm,
reassuring reassuring
manner.manner.
Communicating with the Elderly Communicating with the Elderly
Treat elderly patients with respectTreat elderly patients with respect
Assess their ability to hear when introducing yourselfAssess their ability to hear when introducing yourself(don’t assume they can’t hear you)(don’t assume they can’t hear you)
Consider your rate of speech and slow down if necessaryConsider your rate of speech and slow down if necessary
Elderly patients may have a visual deficitElderly patients may have a visual deficit
Use simple termsUse simple terms
SU
MM
AR
YS
UM
MA
RY Communications Systems and Communications Systems and
ComponentsComponents
Procedures for Radio Procedures for Radio
CommunicationsCommunications
Interpersonal CommunicationInterpersonal Communication