COMMUNITY BASED COMMUNITY BASED WATER RESOURCE WATER RESOURCE

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY: ISHAN GUPTA PRESENTED BY: ISHAN GUPTA

11IP60027, IV-SEMESTER, RGSOIPL11IP60027, IV-SEMESTER, RGSOIPL

GUIDED BY: DR.K.D RAJUGUIDED BY: DR.K.D RAJU

RAJIV GANDHI SCHOOL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW, RAJIV GANDHI SCHOOL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW, IIT KHARAGPURIIT KHARAGPUR

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GLOSSARY: GLOSSARY:

• COMMUNITY-BASED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBWRM): COMMUNITY-BASED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBWRM): A STRATEGY THAT ENABLES LOCAL WATER A STRATEGY THAT ENABLES LOCAL WATER USERS TO BE INVOLVED IN AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THEIR WATER RESOURCES.USERS TO BE INVOLVED IN AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THEIR WATER RESOURCES.

• INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (IWRM): INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (IWRM): A PROCESS THAT ENCOURAGES THE CROSS-SECTORAL A PROCESS THAT ENCOURAGES THE CROSS-SECTORAL MANAGEMENT OF WATER, LAND AND ASSOCIATED RESOURCES. IWRM IS BASED ON THE DUBLIN PRINCIPLES, WHICH MANAGEMENT OF WATER, LAND AND ASSOCIATED RESOURCES. IWRM IS BASED ON THE DUBLIN PRINCIPLES, WHICH ACKNOWLEDGE THE VULNERABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES, THE NEED FOR A PARTICIPATORY APPROACH, THE ACKNOWLEDGE THE VULNERABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES, THE NEED FOR A PARTICIPATORY APPROACH, THE IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN IN THE ROLE OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF WATER.IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN IN THE ROLE OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF WATER.

• LIGHT INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (LIGHT IWRM): A TYPE OF IWRM THAT FOCUSES A TYPE OF IWRM THAT FOCUSES SPECIFICALLY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON A DAY TO DAY BASIS, WITH SPECIFICALLY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON A DAY TO DAY BASIS, WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT FROM GOVERNMENTS AND WATER COMPANIES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL TO BRIDGE THE A HIGH LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT FROM GOVERNMENTS AND WATER COMPANIES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THE LOWEST LEVEL OF PRIVATE AND STATE REGULATING AUTHORITIES AND COMMUNITY-BASED GAP BETWEEN THE LOWEST LEVEL OF PRIVATE AND STATE REGULATING AUTHORITIES AND COMMUNITY-BASED INSTITUTIONS.INSTITUTIONS.

• WATER SECURITY: THE CONTINUED AVAILABILITY OF AND ACCESS TO SAFE WATER FOR ALL REQUIRED USES. A HOUSEHOLD OR NATION MAY BE CONSIDERED WATER SECURE WHEN THE MAJORITY OF THE INHABITANTS ARE NOT THREATENED BY INSUFFICIENT OR UNRELIABLE AVAILABILITY OF AND ACCESS TO WATER OR BY TOO MUCH WATER WHICH MAY LEAD TO FLOODING. 2

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SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVECOMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE

• SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEALS WITH THE PROTECTION OF ALL DEALS WITH THE PROTECTION OF ALL NATURAL RESOURCES BY LOCAL PEOPLE NATURAL RESOURCES BY LOCAL PEOPLE FROM COMMUNITIES THROUGH A FROM COMMUNITIES THROUGH A COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH. COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH.

• PEOPLE INVESTIGATE HOW WE USE PEOPLE INVESTIGATE HOW WE USE RESOURCES, HOW WE SHOULD USE THEM, RESOURCES, HOW WE SHOULD USE THEM, WHAT AFFECTS THEM, AND HOW THEY CAN WHAT AFFECTS THEM, AND HOW THEY CAN BE BEST PROTECTED AND PRESERVED. BE BEST PROTECTED AND PRESERVED.

• THEY TRY TO MANAGE THE WAY PEOPLE THEY TRY TO MANAGE THE WAY PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS INTERACT WITH AND ORGANIZATIONS INTERACT WITH NATURAL RESOURCES TO ENSURE THEIR NATURAL RESOURCES TO ENSURE THEIR LONG-TERM AVAILABILITY.LONG-TERM AVAILABILITY.

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COMMUNITY-BASED WATER RESOURCE COMMUNITY-BASED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBWRM)MANAGEMENT (CBWRM)

• COMMUNITY-BASED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IS APPLIED LOCAL KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND COMMUNITY-BASED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IS APPLIED LOCAL KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND INSTITUTIONS, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH STATE/GOVERNMENTAL (GOS) OR NON- GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH STATE/GOVERNMENTAL (GOS) OR NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS).ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS).

• IN SITUATIONS WHERE NATION STATES ARE CATEGORISED AS FRAGILE OR COMMUNITIES REMAIN ON THE PERIPHERY OF SUPPORT FROM CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, COMMUNITY- BASED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBWRM) MAY BE A MORE REALISTIC OPTION FOR INVOLVING LOCAL WATER USERS.

• CBWRM AIMS TO ENGAGE DIRECTLY WITH COMMUNITY-BASED INSTITUTIONS AND WATER USER GROUPS SO THAT THEY MAY PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM THE BEGINNING. THE IDEA IS THAT CBWRM PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY FOR COMMUNITIES TO ENGAGE IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WITH ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CLEARLY DEFINED ALONGSIDE THOSE OF REGULATING WATER AUTHORITIES. 5

• CBWRM DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO BE A DIRECT REPLACEMENT FOR NATIONAL IWRM PLANS. IT PROVIDES WASH ORGANISATIONS WITH A VERY PRACTICAL APPROACH FOR ENGAGING IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS PART OF THEIR ONGOING SERVICE DELIVERY WORK, AND IT RECOGNISES THE NEED TO IMPROVE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AT A LOCAL LEVEL.

• CBWRM IS ABOUT INVOLVING WATER USERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL WATER RESOURCES. COMMUNITIES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN BOTH WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY ASPECTS. COMMUNITIES MONITOR RESOURCES IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND COMMUNITIES RESPOND TO CHANGES IN WATER AVAILABILITY THROUGH COLLECTIVE DECISIONS BOUND BY CLEAR OPERATING PRINCIPLES FOR WATER USAGE. 6

BENEFITS OF CBRM APPROACHBENEFITS OF CBRM APPROACH

• BUILD COMMUNITY/VILLAGE CONSENSUS ON PUBLIC ISSUES AND CONFLICT RESOLUTIONSBUILD COMMUNITY/VILLAGE CONSENSUS ON PUBLIC ISSUES AND CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS

• CREATE LOCAL PLANS, BASED ON COMMUNITY CONSENSUS ABOUT HIGHEST PRIORITY NEEDS CREATE LOCAL PLANS, BASED ON COMMUNITY CONSENSUS ABOUT HIGHEST PRIORITY NEEDS AND WAYS TO ADDRESS THEMAND WAYS TO ADDRESS THEM

• ASSIST LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TO MOBILIZE THEIR OWN RESOURCES TO FOCUS ON THESE ASSIST LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TO MOBILIZE THEIR OWN RESOURCES TO FOCUS ON THESE PRIORITY NEEDSPRIORITY NEEDS

• FORM PARTNERSHIPS WITH EXTERNAL GOVERNMENT, NGO, AND PRIVATE SECTOR AGENCIES FORM PARTNERSHIPS WITH EXTERNAL GOVERNMENT, NGO, AND PRIVATE SECTOR AGENCIES

• ENHANCE SENSE OF LOCAL OWNERSHIP, INCREASE EMPOWERMENT AND PROSPECT FOR ENHANCE SENSE OF LOCAL OWNERSHIP, INCREASE EMPOWERMENT AND PROSPECT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A LONG TERM.SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A LONG TERM. 7

MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED IN CBRMMAJOR PROBLEMS FACED IN CBRM

• CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND BENEFIT SHARING AMONG CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND BENEFIT SHARING AMONG LOCAL PEOPLELOCAL PEOPLE

• • LACK/LIMITED LOCAL PARTICIPATION PARTICULARLY FROM LACK/LIMITED LOCAL PARTICIPATION PARTICULARLY FROM VULNERABLE GROUPS (I.E., POOR AND WOMEN)VULNERABLE GROUPS (I.E., POOR AND WOMEN)

• POOR CAPACITY OF CBRM IN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT POOR CAPACITY OF CBRM IN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF CBRM PLAN AND ACTIVITIESOF CBRM PLAN AND ACTIVITIES

• INADEQUATE COORDINATION WITH OTHER INTERNAL AND INADEQUATE COORDINATION WITH OTHER INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AGENCIESEXTERNAL AGENCIES

• LACK OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL RESOURCESLACK OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES

• UNCLEAR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICY UNCLEAR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICY SUPPORT FROM THE STATE/AUTHORITY IN SUPPORTING SUPPORT FROM THE STATE/AUTHORITY IN SUPPORTING CBRMCBRM

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CASE STUDIESCASE STUDIES--USING WATER TO BUILD USING WATER TO BUILD RURAL ECONOMIES RURAL ECONOMIES

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1. COMMUNITY BASED INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE THAR DESERT,

INDIA

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• INDIA´S MARWAR REGION, LOCATED IN THE GREAT INDIAN THAR DESERT, IS THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED ARID ZONE IN THE WORLD. 

• ECONOMY REVOLVED AROUND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, MOSTLY RAIN-FED, WHILE ITS PRIMARY ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES HAVE BEEN MOSTLY RAIN-FED WATER BODIES, PASTURES, GRAZING LANDS, AND SACRED GROVES.

• RAINFALL AVERAGES 200MM; CLIMATIC EXTREMES SUCH AS DROUGHTS ARE A RECURRING PHENOMENON.

• PEOPLE IN THE REGION, PARTICULARLY WOMEN, WALK UP TO SIX HOURS A DAY ACROSS THE DESERT UNDER SCORCHING SUN TO FILL A 20 LITRE URN WITH WATER.

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• IN ITS 2004 INITIAL COMMUNICATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, INDIA PRESENTED RAJASTHAN AS ONE OF THE STATES IN THE COUNTRY MOST VULNERABLE TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE.

• JAL BHAGIRATHI FOUNDATION, AN NGO HAS BEEN WORKING WITH COMMUNITIES, BUILDING THEIR CAPACITY TO FIRST DEVELOP VILLAGE BASED INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (IWRM) PLANS. THE FOCUS IS ON BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF THESE INSTITUTIONS WITH KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL, RATHER THAN TOP DOWN INVESTMENTS IN INFRASTRUCTURE.

• THE APPROACH HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL AND JAL SABHAS HAVE REVIVED LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, SOME VILLAGES ACHIEVING WATER SECURITY. 

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EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY BASED WATER EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY BASED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-

SUGGESTIONS???SUGGESTIONS???

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BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY• HTTP://PORTALS.IUCN.ORG/2012FORUM/?Q=0547

• MANAGING WATER:MANAGING WATER:AN ESSENTIAL DIMENSION OF COMMUNITY WATER DEVELOPMENT, THE AN ESSENTIAL DIMENSION OF COMMUNITY WATER DEVELOPMENT, THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, OXFAM GB AND WATERAID.INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, OXFAM GB AND WATERAID.

• RICHARD MAHAPATRA 1999, THE ARVARI, COMING BACK TO LIFE, IN RICHARD MAHAPATRA 1999, THE ARVARI, COMING BACK TO LIFE, IN DOWN TO EARTHDOWN TO EARTH, , MARCH 15, SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION, NEW DELHI MARCH 15, SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION, NEW DELHI

• S J PHANSALKAR 2005, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN FINANCING AND MANAGING S J PHANSALKAR 2005, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN FINANCING AND MANAGING SURFACE IRRIGATION: CHASING A MIRAGE? WORKING PAPER SERIES ON AGRICULTURE AND SURFACE IRRIGATION: CHASING A MIRAGE? WORKING PAPER SERIES ON AGRICULTURE AND THE POOR, NO 38, SEPTEMBER, BAZAAR CHINTAN, IDE, NEW DELHI THE POOR, NO 38, SEPTEMBER, BAZAAR CHINTAN, IDE, NEW DELHI

• ANIL AGARWAL AND SUNITA NARAIN 1999, COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD WATER ANIL AGARWAL AND SUNITA NARAIN 1999, COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD WATER MANAGEMENT, THE KEY TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGENERATION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION, MANAGEMENT, THE KEY TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGENERATION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION, MIMEOMIMEO. .

• ANNA HAZARE 1997, ANNA HAZARE 1997, RALEGAN SIDDHI: A VERITABLE TRANSFORMATION, RALEGAN SIDDHI: A VERITABLE TRANSFORMATION, RALEGAN SIDDHI RALEGAN SIDDHI PARIWAR, RALEGAN SIDDHI PARIWAR, RALEGAN SIDDHI

• SUNITA NARAIN 2003, A LESSON NOT LEARNT, IN DOWN TO EARTH, SOCIETY FOR SUNITA NARAIN 2003, A LESSON NOT LEARNT, IN DOWN TO EARTH, SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION, MAY 31, NEW DELHI ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION, MAY 31, NEW DELHI

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THANK YOU!!!THANK YOU!!!

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