ACKNOWLEDGMENT “A hand works on its best with other’s encouragement and support” The researchers deeply acknowledge the help of the barangay Captain of Sta. Rita, Hon. Jerome Michael Bacay and the Brgy. Council for their support and cooperation; Dean Vizabelle Pielago, RN, MAN for allowing them to have their community diagnosis and for pushing them to strive harder to succeed; Mr. Federico Arcala III, Mr. Billy Joe Tom and Ms. Cynthia Calma for their guidance throughout the community activities; The families interviewed for not hesitating to cooperate with the researchers; Their parents, for their encouragement and their never-ending willingness to give in times of need, be it financial or emotional; To Almighty God for the gift of perseverance and knowledge, with Him, EVERYTHING IS POSSIBLE. To all those who contributed for the completion of this project, your help are deeply acknowledged. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, a “community” has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is thus often used to mean a group that is organized around common values within a shared geographical location. However, the definition has evolved and been enlarged to mean individuals who share characteristics, regardless of their location or type of interaction. Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) is an emerging model of research aimed at enhancing the relevance and value of clinical research by involving patients and community members. Many of the complex health and social problems that have accompanied us into the twenty-first century such as TB, Dengue, Malaria, Cholera, Diarrhea and some others have proved ill suited to traditional approaches to research and the often disappointing community interventions they have created. COPAR contains information on a wide variety of topics including planning and conducting research, working with communities, promoting social change and core research methods. COPAR has emerged as an important method in primary care and epidemiologic research. COPAR is a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied. The growing popularity and effective use of this approach is supported in the literature. Community-based participatory research has been conducted on nearly all aspects of primary health care including family planning, immunization, environmental sanitation, geriatrics, health care and some others. The researchers were assigned at Barangay Sta. Rita, Olongapo City. Sta. Rita is the largest of all the 17 barangays of the City. It is bounded to the North by Sta. Rita River, to the East by East Bajac-Bajac, to the West Mabayuan and Barangay Gordon Heights and to the South by Barangay Old Cabalan. Barangay Sta. Rita is generally a flat valley bounded by mountain ranges and the Sta. Rita river that serves as the catch basin of water during rainy season. Its land elevation is below sea level and considered the flood plain of the City of Olongapo. Flooding that occurred can be attributed to the overflowing of the Mabayuan and Sta. Rita river where strong water emanated from the mountains surrounding it. The shallowing of the river brought about by the
Transcript
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
“A hand works on its best with other’s encouragement and support”
The researchers deeply acknowledge the help of the barangay Captain of Sta. Rita, Hon. Jerome Michael Bacay and the Brgy. Council for their support and cooperation;
Dean Vizabelle Pielago, RN, MAN for allowing them to have their community diagnosis and for pushing them to strive harder to succeed;
Mr. Federico Arcala III, Mr. Billy Joe Tom and Ms. Cynthia Calma for their guidance throughout the community activities;
The families interviewed for not hesitating to cooperate with the researchers;Their parents, for their encouragement and their never-ending willingness to give in times of need, be it financial or emotional;
To Almighty God for the gift of perseverance and knowledge, with Him, EVERYTHING IS POSSIBLE.
To all those who contributed for the completion of this project, your help are deeply acknowledged.
INTRODUCTION
Traditionally, a “community” has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is thus often used to mean a group that is organized around common values within a shared geographical location. However, the definition has evolved and been enlarged to mean individuals who share characteristics, regardless of their location or type of interaction. Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) is an emerging model of research aimed at enhancing the relevance and value of clinical research by involving patients and community members.
Many of the complex health and social problems that have accompanied us into the twenty-first century such as TB, Dengue, Malaria, Cholera, Diarrhea and some others have proved ill suited to traditional approaches to research and the often disappointing community interventions they have created. COPAR contains information on a wide variety of topics including planning and conducting research, working with communities, promoting social change and core research methods.
COPAR has emerged as an important method in primary care and epidemiologic research. COPAR is a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied.
The growing popularity and effective use of this approach is supported in the literature. Community-based participatory research has been conducted on nearly all aspects of primary health care including family planning, immunization, environmental sanitation, geriatrics, health care and some others.
The researchers were assigned at Barangay Sta. Rita, Olongapo City. Sta. Rita is the largest of all the 17 barangays of the City. It is bounded to the North by Sta. Rita River, to the East by East Bajac-Bajac, to the West Mabayuan and Barangay Gordon Heights and to the South by Barangay Old Cabalan.
Barangay Sta. Rita is generally a flat valley bounded by mountain ranges and the Sta. Rita river that serves as the catch basin of water during rainy season. Its land elevation is below sea level and considered the flood plain of the City of Olongapo. Flooding that occurred can be attributed to the overflowing of the Mabayuan and Sta. Rita river where strong water emanated from the mountains surrounding it. The shallowing of the river brought about by the
eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1992 is also one factor in the frequent flooding of the area. Dredging is not given priority due to insufficient funds.
In spite of all the aforesaid difficulties, Barangay Sta. Rita is considered the most active barangay in terms of number of puroks, number of population and the vastness of land area. Horticulture and residential lands exist.
RATIONALE
Community organizing is a process by which communities and organizations work together to identify common problems and objectives, acquire and mobilize resources, and create and implement actions to achieve their goals. In this studies, students will learn the bases of facilitating community organizing processes in health promotion and education contexts. These include research and evaluation of community organizing processes.
METHODOLOGY A community diagnosis was assigned as a partial fulfillment of the requirements in
Community Health Development. As a part of the said activity, students were assigned to different areas in Olongapo.
The recommended timeframe for the community diagnosis in the assigned area is at least 16 hours divided into two weeks. During the said time the researchers are bound to gather the data and all supporting details and analyzed them for the final paper.
Consisting of 10 members, A2 was assigned to Purok I, Barangay Sta. Rita, the largest Barangay in Olongapo City. The group planned on the strategy to use for a more systematic approach. On September 27, 2008, 7:30 in the morning, all the second year and third year groups gathered at the KHG hall in Gordon College for the orientation. At nine o’clock, the groups started their Each member is asked to interview 5 families, 50 families in total. Details of the questionnaire provided by their instructor served as a guide on the interview. The data collected are then tallied and analyzed.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
In terms of population, the collection of data is limited to 50 families consisting of 262 individuals accountable for the 0.67% of the total population of Sta. Rita which is 38,905 as of 2007 and 0.64% of the total number of household which is 7,781. In this case, the reliability of the information gathered was not complacent enough in reference to the totality of the community population.
The prioritization of the problems observed and stated by the researchers focused more on the data gathered from the families interviewed residing in Purok I, Barangay Sta. Rita. This content of data gathered from the random sample may not be reliable enough to represent the whole community of Sta. Rita Considering the fact that Purok I may be different to all of the others in terms of population density and socio-economic and health status. However, the study may post significance in the sense that it may be useful in determining the problems of Purok I per se.
The family structure, socio-economic status, home and environment, knowledge of the concept of health care and health problems were obtained only from the statement of the 50 families’ representatives.
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
Community diagnosis is the process of assessing and defining the needs , opportunities and resources involved in initiating community health action programs.
The researchers have conducted activities wherein both family and public health care concepts are applied to their designated area which is on Purok I, Barangay Sta. Rita
Olongapo City, Zambales, Philippines. This study intends to improve the capability of the group in giving out comprehensive health care services.
Studies have underscored some key elements of the community which may be activated to bring social and behavioral changes. This process of change aims to build the capability of people to act on themselves for future community problems regarding both health and socio-cultural and environmental factors.
FAMILY HEALTH MANAGEMENT
This community diagnosis is a direct application of primary health care which is originally conceptualized on the promotive and preventive measures of health processes. Primary health care perceive health as an active framework applied to systematize services extended to clients. Each of these frameworks permits more than one approach to quality assurance.
It is composed by intentionally chosen action that organizes the contact to improve the client’s health status and develop abilities in dealing with health problems.
The primary health care puts the concept of framework to the fore. Team planning by health personnel in the same level and various health levels will be essential for the effectiveness and efficiency of the health services rendered for the sake of the community people.
I. ESTABLISHING A GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIP
Family, being the basic unit of society, is also the basic unit of service of community health care. The client, the family, as well as the community needs to find resources in order to grow. As part of the community health team, it is the researcherrs’ responsibility to ensure that a good and competitive working relationship is built with the client’s family. But in order to reach this level, establishment of rapport must be achieved first.
Therefore, the key to success for this study is the free and open communication from both the researchers and the members of the community. Barriers should be broken, the desire to help boost other’s strength and overcome weaknesses must be uplifted.
I.1 ESTABLISHING GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH FAMILIES
They say, first impression lasts. In this case, it is true. That is why the initial contact with the client is very crucial. During this stage, the researchers must first establish good working relationship with the people in the community.
Good and harmonious relationship could be met when trust is obtained in the very first place. With this, all other actions will be successfully rendered if the foundation is strong and stable.
Within each contact through home visits, the group introduced themselves, what school they came from and the purpose of the activity. They also stimulated the clients interest to make each conversation active and alive.
I.2 CONDUCTING A HOME VISIT
Home visit is the method by which the researchers sought to find data and information which are vital and necessary for the study. It is theface to face interaction made to provide essential health care activities.
Upon establishing rapport, the group conducted the interview inquiring about their health and some related problems followed by a detailed observation of the surrounding environment and the assessment of the physical, physiological and psychological state of the members of the community. From the data gathered, community diagnoses were formulated. The first phase of planning was initiated during the home visit and will be continued during the analysis. Interventions are then performed and evaluated.
I.3 OTHER MEANS OF CONTACT WITH THE CLIENT
Other means of nurse-contact in the community setting besides home visit includes the following: mothers’ class, health teaching; symposium, Rural Health Unit visits, school and tertiary health care facility visits, and print media (posters, pamplets etc.). This is due to the fact that the use of electric communication gadgets is not feasible in the Philippine Health Community Setting.
II. FAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT
The major priority of the community health worker is the health status of the community. Each of them is accustomed with vital responsibilities to further improve the health condition of the families assigned to them by applying the ideal skills and knowledge in organizing health care services being extended.
In order for the individuals to cope and manage health problems, the health process includes an important set of actions that systematize the effect to improve the client’s health status.
The process uses the scientific method: gathering, observing and analyzing data to arrive to conclusions. Trough this health process, the solutions will be derived from the health problems.
II.1 CONDUCTING FAMILY HELTH ASSESSMENT
The ability to assess clients is one of the most important skills of nursing, regardless of the practice setting. In all settings in which nurseds interacts with clients and provide care, eliciting a complete health history, and using appropriate assessment skills are critical to identifying physical and psychological problems and concerns experienced by the client. As first step in the nursing process, patient assessment is necessary to obtain data that enable the nurse to make a nursing diagnosis for the community, identify and implement nursing interventions and evaluate their effectiveness.
In health assessment, the nurse obtains the clients health history and performs physical assessment which can be carried out in a variety of settings. Few lists of community diagnoses is used by the community health nurses to identify and categorize family and community problems that nurses have the knowledge, skills and responsibility to treat independently.
PROBLEM PRIORITIZATION
Problem First Level Assessment Second level Assessment
1. Asthma and other respiratory problems
Health Threat Failure to utilize community resources for health due to lack of or inadequate family resources, specifically financial resources and lack of knowledge on disease process and treatment regimen.
2. Threat of cross infection from a communicable disease case
Health Threat Inability to recognize the presence of the condition or problem due to lack of or inadequate knowledge
3. Family size beyond what family resources can adequately provide
Health Threat Failure to utilize community resources for health due to lack of or inadequate family resources and lack of knowledge regarding family planning.
4. Accident hazards such as fall hazards related to soil erosion and house structure, proximity of the houses with each other secondary to physical and environmental factors.
Health Threat Inability to provide a home/ environment conducive to health maintenance and personal development due to lack of inadequate knowledge of preventive measures and inadequate family resources specifically financial constraints/ limited financial resources
5. inadequate food intake both in quality and quantity
Health Threat Failure to utilize community resources for health due to lack of or inadequate family resources, specifically financial resources such as cost of medicine prescribed
6. Loss of Job Foreseeable Crisis Inability to make decisions with respect to having appropriate action due to feeling of confusion, helplessness and/or resignation brought about by perceived magnitude/ severity of the situation / problem
Accident Hazards
(fall hazards related to soil erosion and house structure, proximity of the houses with each other secondary to physical and environmental factors.) Criteria Computation Total Score JustificationNature of the Problem 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threatModifiability of the Problem
2/2 x 2 2 There are interventions to solve the problem.
Preventive Potential 3/3 x 1 1 They can utilize preventive measures to avoid this at home.
Salience of the Problem
0/2 x 1 0 The family do not see this as a problem
Total = 3 2/3
Threat of cross-infection from a communicable diseaseCriteria Computation Total Score JustificationNature of the Problem 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threatModifiability of the Problem
1/2 x 2 1 They can practice health measures to prevent the spread of communicable disease.
Preventive Potential 2/3 x 1 2/3 There are interventions to prevent the problem.
Salience of the Problem
2/2 x 1 1 They recognize it as a problem that does not need an immediate attention
Total = 3 1/3
Inadequate food intake both in quantity and qualityCriteria Computation Total Score JustificationNature of the Problem 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threatModifiability of the Problem
½ x 2 1 They can provide somehow but still lack.
Preventive Potential 2/3 x 1 2/3 It can be prevented somehow but resources are limited.
Salience of the Problem
2/2 x1 1 The family sees it as a problem that requires immediate attention.
Total = 3 1/3
Asthma and other respiratory problemsCriteria Computation Total Score JustificationNature of the Problem 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threatModifiability of the Problem
2/2 x 2 1 There are interventions to solve the problem.
Preventive Potential 2/3 x 1 2/3 Smoking can be prevented even little by little.
Salience of the Problem
0/2 x 1 0 The father does not perceive it as a problem.
Total = 3 1/3
Family Size beyond what family resource can adequately provideCriteria Computation Total Score JustificationNature of the Problem 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threatModifiability of the 1/2 x 2 1 There are still more
Problem alternative for food sources that are considered cheap but nutritious.
Preventive Potential 1/3 x 1 1/3 They cannot have a stable job.
Salience of the Problem
2/2 x 1 1 The family perceives it as a problem needing attention
Total = 3
Presence of Stress points / Foreseeable Crisis Situations - Loss of JobCriteria Computation Total Score JustificationNature of the Problem 1/3 x 1 1/3 It is a foreseeable crisis.Modifiability of the Problem
1/2 x 2 1 They can only apply jobs that are contractual.
Preventive Potential 2/3 x 1 2/3 They cannot acquire a stable job because of low educational attainment.
Salience of the Problem
2/2 x 1 1 The family perceives it as problem that requires immediate attention.
Total = 3
Hon. Mayor James Gordon Jr.City Mayor
Dr. Cynthia Mendoza Physician
Ditaz E. Evale Raquel Avila Abigail MaluleMidwife Midwife Midwife
Jazzaza Carla QuiambaoVolunteer Nurse
Erlinda Tagud Josephine Llana Sarah Bernardo Dental Aide Dentist Medtech
Committee on social ServicesHon. Raquel Yabut – Atienza
Committee on Rules / Committee on EducationHon. Rodolfo Neil B. Guevarra
Committee on Public Works, Transportation & TelecommunicationsHon. Eric P. Jahnke
Committee on Security & Public OrdersHon. Emerilo Linus Bacay
Committee on Finance Appropriation & TourismHon. Rosita J. Piano
Committee on Trade, Industry & EmploymentHon. Elsa Vencilao Flores
Committee on Health, Environment Protection & SanitationHon. Virginia C. Flores
Committee on Youth & Sports S.K. ChairmanHon. Morielle Anne De Guzman
HISTORY
Barangay sta. Rita is the largest of all the 17 barangays of the city. It is bounded to the north by sta. Rita river, to the east by east bajac-bajac, to the west by barangay mabayaun and barangay gordon heights and to the south by barangay old cabalan.
Barangay sta. Rita is generally a flat valley bounded by mountain ranges and the sta. Rita river that serves as the catch basin of water during rainy season. Its land elevation is below sea level and considered the flood plain of the city of olongapo. Flooding that occurred can be attributed to the overflowing of the mabayaun and sta. Rita river where strong water emanated from the mountains surrounding it. The shallowing of the river brought about by the eruption of mount pinatubo in 1992 is also one factor in the frequent flooding of the area. Dredging is not given priority yet due to insufficient funds.
In spite of all the aforesaid difficulties, barangay sta. Rita is considered the most active barangay in terms of development. It surpasses other barangays in terms of number of puroks, number of population and the vastness of land area. Horticulture and residential lands exist.
BARANGAY PROFILE
Geographical and Physical Information
Sta. Rita is the 2nd largest of the barangays in terms of land area at 1,529.18 or 21% hectares of the city’s built up area. It is bounded to the north by Sta. Rita River, to the east by East Bajac-Bajac, to the west by Barangay Mabayuan and Barangay Gordon Heights and to the south by Barangay Old Cabalan.
Barangay Sta. Rita is generally of flat valley bounded by mountain ranges and the Sta. Rita River, whose stream flow is one of the City’s main sources of water. Its land elevation is below sea level and considered as the flood plain. Recurrent flooding in the area was attributed to the extensive siltation of the Riverbeds, long before the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, that restricted the carrying capacity during peak river stream flows.
The shallowing of the river brought about by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1992 is also one factor in the frequent flooding of the area. Dredging is not given priority yet due to insufficient funds.
In spite of all the aforesaid difficulties, Barangay Sta. Rita is considered the most active barangay in terms of development. It surpasses other barangays in terms of number of puroks, number of population and the vastness of land area. Horiculture and residential lands exist.
Economic Development
Barangay Sta. Rita consist mostly of lands owned by Esteban Estate and some private occupancy dated back even before the time of the American occupation. Life in the area was formerly through farming until the period when the entire Sta. Rita was projected for residential purposes.
The salient points of development are numbered as follows:
Former rice fields became residential lots and subdivision. Commercial establishments were erected and roads for the convenience of the residents were improved.
Schools, both public and private elementary and secondary were improved and enlarged to facilitate the increasing number of school children. Seven Day Care Centers were also constructed to cater the demands of the youth.
The City Slaughter House can also be found in the area. Various plans for the further improvement of the area are at hand like the construction of a multi-purpose hall within the vicinity of the Barangay Plaza and many other infrastructure projects.
TABULATION OF DATA
No. of Families Surveyed: 50No. of Individuals: 262Total No. of Males: 145Total No. of Females: 117
FAMILY SIZETwo 3
Three 2Four 13
Five 11Six 8
Seven 8Eight 2
Nine 1Ten 1
Eleven 1
RELIGION HUSBAND WIFE TOTAL
Catholic 45 45 45
INC 4 4 4
Baptist 1 1
AGE MALE FEMALE TOTAL
2-11 months 1 3 41-3 years 12 4 164-5 years 6 2 86-10 years 13 12 2511-14 years 15 12 2715-17 years 11 7 1818-20 years 14 7 2121-40 years 43 42 85
CIVIL STATUS
Single 157
Married 117
Widowed 4
Separated 1
Live-in 4
41-60 years 24 22 4661 years and above 6 6 12
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT5 and below 29
pre school 5elementary 74
HS level 56HS graduate 68
vocational 12College level 9
College graduate 9
GENERAL FAMILY DYNAMICS (+) (-)
Observable Conflicts 6 44
Character of Communication 40 10
Interaction Patterns 46 4
OCCUPATION
Store Owner 1
Laundrywoman 1
Soldier 1
Policeman 1
Fireman 1
Security Guard 1
Electrical Engineer 1
Painter 1
Midwife 1
Gov't. Employee 1
Call Center Agent 1
Cargador 1
Tutor 1
Jueteng 2
Welder 3
Carpenter 4
FAMILY STRUCTURE
Nuclear 19
Extended 24
Patriarchal 27
Matriarchal 8
Driver 7
Construction Worker 7
OFW 7
SBMA Employee 9
Non-Working Minors 19
Vendor 29
Non-Working Adults 72
Student 81
MONTHLY INCOME SOURCE
Father 35
Mother 13
Others 2
FAMILY HEALTH STATUS M F CDiabetes 2 3HPN 5 9Asthma 2 9 17Dengue 3Kidney Stones 1GI Obstruction 1Pneumonia 1Renal Failure 1Overfatigue 1Hemmorhage 1Cough & Colds 9Atherosclerosis 1Allergy 1 1
No. of Families Surveyed: 50 No. of Individuals: 262
a.2 Age
0 20 40 60 80 100
2-11 months
4-5 years
11-14 years
18-20 years
41-60 years
AGE
male
female
Most of the people living in Sta. Rita are in the range of 21-40 years old, which are in the working group. Next are the individuals whose ages is in 41-60 years of age. Both ranges of ages belong in the working group. We can say that most people in Barangay Sta. Rita have their jobs, but the thing is, they can not sustain or support their family with the kind of their job. Or maybe some heads or members of the family are underemployed or unemployed.
a.3 Sex
SEX
female45%
male55%
a.4 Civil Status
Civil Status
Single 56%Married 42%
Widow ed 1%
Separated 0%
Live-in 1%
Most of the people living in Sta. Rita are single, comprising more than 50% of the total surveyed population. Next weight of large percentage is the married individuals. The live-in and widowed status are almost in equal percentage, while the separated ones have the least percentage.
The data above shows that most of the families interviewed have larger members of single individuals because most of the members of each family are still children, teenagers, and some are working individuals. Also, because of present economic condition, some interviewed individuals tend to stay single. Next to singles are the married individuals who are living in the same house with their family members.
a.4 Type of Family
FAMILY STRUCTURE
Extended 31%Patriarchal 35%
Matriarchal 10% Nuclear 24%
The largest portion was designated to Patriarchal family structure, in terms of who is ruling the family- the mother or the father. But in terms whether it is nuclear or matriarchal, the nuclear has the largest percentage.
a.6 Family Size
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Three Five Seven Nine Eleven
Family Size
No. of Families
The graph above shows the most frequent number of family members in Barangay Sta. Rita. It is evident on the data above that the member of four in a family is the commonest among the family number composition, comprising 26% of the total 50 families. While 6% of the 50 families interviewed have only two family members, 4% for three members, 22% for five members, 16% for six members, 16% for seven family members, 4% for eight members, 2% for nine members, 2% for ten members, and also 2% for eleven members.
Form the data above; the top four family sizes are four, five, six, and seven. But there are also some families whose members comprised of nine members, ten and eleven. But the most famous is four- maybe composed of a father, mother, and two siblings of either sex. B. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL STATUS
b.1 Employment
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Unemployed66%
Employed34%
66% of the total individuals belonging to the families interviewed are unemployed due to the fact that most of them are either of the non-working minors or are students. The rest, who are employed comprised mostly of vendors.
Most of the adults in Barangay Sta. Rita are non-working, maybe they are under or unemployed. This is because in our culture, elderly tends to stay at home and enjoy their adulthood. It also shows that some of their works are low earning jobs. But education is one of the most important factors, that’s why, many are still students.
b.3 Monthly Income and Source
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
5 and below
pre school
elementary
HS level
HS graduate
vocational
College level
College graduate
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
educational level
MONTHLY INCOME
Below 5,000 pesos 50%
20,000-30,000 pesos
4%
5,000-10,000 pesos38%
10,000-15,000 pesos
2%
15,000-20,000 pesos
6%
Most of the family income in the Barangay Sta. Rita is Php 5,000 below. It is evidenced because of the low earning job of the head of the family. Because of this, their income is limited only for food and other important needs. But unfortunately, sometimes it is not enough to sustain their daily needs.
b.4 Educational Status
From the 50 families interviewed, the highest educational attainment of the people of Sta. Rita as of now is only Elementary level, both graduate and those who are still studying. The next highest percentage varies among the High School individuals. The third educational attainment comprises among those individuals who attend only High School level. The rest of the data shows the educational attainment of their family members.
The data explains that because of economic problems and individual’s perception on education, most of the highest educational attainment of the people in Sta. Rita comprises among Elementary and High School levels.
MONTHLY INCOME SOURCE
Father70%
Mother26%
Others4%
Definitely the father is usually the primary source of income of most of the family. It has been part of our culture that the father is the provider of the family needs, but then, due to the poverty, the mother are forced to work, and as time passes by the crisis require the other members of the family in order to satisfy their basic needs.
b.5 Family Needs
FELT FAMILY NEEDS
Education24%
Food14%
Owned Comfort Room6%
Additional Income
39%
Medicine17%
Among the felt family needs, additional income is the most prevalent family need. One of the interviewed person said, “without money, all the other needs will not be attended”. Owning a comfort room is the least felt family needs of the people living in Purok 1.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Catholic INC Baptist
RELIGION
WIFE
HUSBAND
b.6 Religion
This graph showed the relationship between the husband and the wife’s choice about their family’s religion. 90% of the families being surveyed chose to become Catholic, 8% of which chose to become Iglesia ni Cristo and only 2% chose to become Baptist. Being influenced by the Spanish colonizers in about 300 years, the people tend to follow the same trend as before. Though these sectors were subdivided into groups, they still share the same vision and faith towards one God.
C. HOME AND ENVIRONMENT
c.1 Family Interaction
0
10
20
30
40
50
ObservableConflicts
InteractionPatterns
InteractionPatterns
GENERAL FAMILY DYNAMICS
(-)
(+)
This graph showed the interaction of the family members to each other. 0 out of 50 families have observable conflicts while 44 were living pleasantly. 40 out of 50 families have positive characteristics of communication while only 10 had shown a negative one. 46 out of 50 families have a positive interaction among its members while only 4 have a negative one.
As shown above, we can evaluate that in spite the economic scarce and poverty, most of the families still manage to cope everyday struggle. They still manage to communicate with each other which is essential for a healthy family.
c.2 House and Lot
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
YES NO
HOME AND LAND OWNERSHIP
House Owned
Lot Owned
Most of the people living in Purok 1 do not own their houses, some own their lot. The housing there is usually in close proximity due to poverty, so there may be a possibility of fire hazards.
c.3 House Structure
TYPE OF HOUSING MATERIALS
Wood24%
Concrete40%
Mixed36% Wood
Concrete
Mixed
Almost half of the families have their houses built from concrete. The least are made of wood, these houses are old ones, built almost decades ago.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
YES NO
ADEQUACY OF LIVING SPACE
Even though they are under the influence and effect of poverty, life must go on. Since many of the families have only 4 members, they still manage to feel that they are living in adequate space.
c.4 Animals, Pest and Other Health Hazards
PRESENCE OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS
YES100%
NO0%
YES
NO
100 % of the total household interviewed have observed lurking pests around their house such as cockroaches, rats, ants, mosquitoes and others. This is due to the fact that in tropical regions, pests that are mentioned above are present especially to areas that are near that are near sewages.
PRESENCE OF PEST BREEDING SITES
YES100%
NO0%
YES
NO
Breeding sites are present to the entire household interviewed because of lack of proper home and environment sanitation. The existence of pests is almost unpreventable.
0
5
10
15
20
25
Dog Cat Rooster/Chicken Pig Dove Duck
PETS/ANIMALS KEPT IN THE YARD
Pets are common due to the fact that they not only serve for amusement purposes but also for utility. It is shown on the table above that 48% of the total household owns a dog; 18% cats; 12% have doves; 12% have either roster or chicken; and 12% have ducks and pigs. Dogs have the highest number due to the fact that dogs are said to be man’s bestfriend, it serves not only for amusement but also keeps the house safe from intruders by being guards.
0
20
40
60
80
100
YES NO
PRESENCE OF ACCIDENT HAZARDS
81% of the respondents have accident hazards present in their homes, while 19% have none. Because of Purok 1, Barangay Sta. Rita’s location, which is beside the Sta. Rita River, some of the houses stand by the river side, making the people there prone to falls, fire and other accidents. Most of the respondents have these accident hazards present in their homes not just because of the location but also because of their housing materials which are woods and concrete and mixed. And their houses are closed proximity with each other giving a higher risk for fire.
c.4 Food and Water Storage
FOOD STORAGE
Refrigerated32%
Cabinet2%
Covered66%
Covered
Refrigerated
Cabinet
Garnering the highest percentage is those that are covered, followed by refrigeration due to the fact that many of the families cannot avail the luxury of having refrigerators at home. The least percentage goes to the cabinet as storage because in areas that have pests like rats, this would not be practical.
DRINKING WATER
Refrigerated36%
Covered64%
Refrigerated
Covered
WATER CONTAINERS USED
Plastic Pitchers80%
Bottles14%
Jars, Clays. Pots4%
Others2%
Plastic Pitchers
Bottles
Jars, Clays. Pots
Others
Pitchers are the most common water container used because of its availability and the people have been used to utilizing those commercially sold containers. Jars and clay pots and drums are also used by the smallest scale of the families since these containers are not available nowadays.
Most of the populations are only covering their drinking water because they couldn’t afford to have a refrigerator as storage of their food and water.
c.5 Water Source
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
Bought32%
Shared18%
Owned50%
Owned
Bought
Shared
50% of the total population of Purok 1 get their water supply at Subic Water, 32% are bought and 18% are only shared from their neighbors. Water is one of the basic needs of the family. And despite of poverty, most of them prioritize water to provide to their family.
c.6 Garbage Disposal System
TYPE OF GARBAGE DISPOSAL
Collected98%
Thrown in the river2%
Since Olongapo City promotes excellence in everything, especially cleanliness, garbage is being collected twice a week in every Barangay. This can be observed by the above result. Only 2% have their garbage thrown in the river. They are those who are far from the main road or barangay road.
c.7 Type of Toilet and Drainage System
TYPE OF TOILET
Water-sealed100%
All of the resident’s wastes are disposed through water sealed. This is due to the fact that the families believed that it is the proper way of disposing their waste and they are also civilized to know this matter.
TYPE OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Closed50%
Open50%
Open
Closed
The people of Purok 1, Sta. Rita, half of them have closed drainage, the same quantity exist in open drainage. It indicates that the population is not aware of the importance of closed drainage. Open drainage could bring several problems.
D. KNOWLEDGE ON THE CONCEPT OFHEALTH CARE
d.1 Health Condition
FAMILY HEALTH STATUS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Diabe
tes
HPN
Asthm
a
Dengue
Kidne
y Sto
nes
GI Obs
truct
ion
Pneum
onia
Renal F
ailur
e
Overfa
tigue
Hemmorh
age
Cough
& Cold
s
Ather
oscle
rosis
Allerg
y
Mala
riaFev
er Flu
Myo
ma
Acute
Bro
nchit
is UTI
CHILDREN
FATHER
MOTHER
Asthma is the most prevalent case of morbidity in Barangay Sta. Rita, affecting all members of the family including the parents and their children. Or maybe it is not “asthma” at all. They might just get confused with the term to use to identify a certain pulmonary disease or disorder which has similar clinical manifestations with some other respiratory illness.
d.2 Health Practices
02468
101214161820
Manghihilot Doctor Albularyo Others
CONSULTED PERSONS
Of the 50 families interviewed, 35 % stated that they went on Health Center for their health problems; 24% goes to doctors especially for serious diseases; 21% goes to the nurses; 8% asks other persons for help; 6% goes to “manghihilot”; 4% goes to health workers and 2% to quack doctors.
Health Center is the primary choice of the respondents when it comes to health problems, followed by the following in a descending order: doctor, nurse, others like family and last to be consulted is albularyos. Due Because of the effort of the government to spread health care, health centers are now present in every barangay, making Health Care quite accessible, thus, health centers are the respondent’s primary choice.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Family Relatives Friends Bombay Priest Barangay Neighbor
CONSULTED PERSONS FOR PROBLEMS OTHER THAN HEALTH
Majority of the respondents consults the others in a descending order: family members52%; 28% relatives; 8% friends;6% “bumbay”; 2% priest; 2% barangay officials and 2% neighbors.
The family, as the main source of physiological, psychological and emotional assistance, is the first to be consulted not just in Purok 1, Barangay Sta. Rita, but also in the whole country. Filipinos give value to their families and other blood relationships. Friends are the ones to fill in the places of family members and/or relatives if they are not around. This makes them close to the respondents to the point where problems are exhausted to them.
As financial problems occur, the respondents opt to consult “bumbays” to fill their monetary needs. And in spiritual and needs for counseling, they go to priests. Small percentage of the respondents consult Barangay official and lastly their neighbors.
d.3 Activity and Stress Management
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rest & Sleep Exercise RelaxationExercise
StressManagement
ACTIVITY AND REST
NO
YES
Most of the interviewed stated that they have enough rest and sleep. Persons who stated that they don’t have enough rest and sleep are the older ones this is because of the fact that they have altered sleeping pattern secondary to aging process. 46% said that they do morning exercises such as walking on the streets. They also allot some of their time for relaxation such as watching television playing cards and other activities. Though they have many problems, they still manage to handle stressors that come along the way.
d.3 Immunization
IMMUNIZATION STATUS
Non-Fully25%
Continous5%
Fully Immunized
Children70%
Majority of the respondents consults the others in a descending order: family members, relatives, friends, “bumbay”, priest, barangay officials and neighbors.
The family, as the main source of physiological, psychological and emotional assistance, is the first to be consulted not just in Purok 1, Barangay Sta. Rita, but also in the whole country. Filipinos give value to their families and other blood relationships. Friends are the ones to fill in the places of family members and/or relatives if they are not around. This makes them close to the respondents to the point where problems are exhausted to them. As financial problems occur, the respondents opt to consult “bumbays” to fill their monetary needs. And in spiritual and needs for counseling, they go to priests. Small percentage of the respondents consult Barangay official and lastly their neighbors.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
From the observation and information gathered during the survey, the group was able to identify and verify some of the community’s primary and important needs that should be given priority by the authorities. These problems are the ones who served as a hindrance to the community’s progress. Some problems served as health threats to people and to community itself. Good example of such problems encountered by the community is the improper source of water to drink and to use in everyday life. Community maybe is at risk of acquiring illnesses because of improper water supply.
Immediate and appropriate accomplishment must be ensured to maintain the community’s development. This accomplishment looks after to the health of each member of the family to the assigned family. One’s progress may not only be coming from the authorities but also from the people living in the community. Self-discipline must be initiated in order to achieve the communities’ goals and aspirations.
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
1. Most of the families have insufficient income to sustain their needs. Their income range from P5000 and below. Financial insufficiency branches to other family problems.
2. the location of Purok 1, Sta Rita is at an area below sea level, causing floods in just a short time of downpour.
3. The houses of the respondents live in close proximity with each other and are adjacent to the Sta Rita river. This posts as great health hazards.
4. The sta Rita river is polluted with trash from the houses constructed beside it.5. The streets have no post lamps and are too narrow to accommodate the passage of
automobiles.6. Water supply is insufficient because of few water outlets.7. The place lacks police visibility making it the home of different crooks.8. A great percentage of the people are undergraduates making them poor in manners.
SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
1. To counter their monetary problems, they can have double or extra jobs to increase their income. They can sell rags to their fellow jeepney drivers, have a mini-snack business at home while caing for their children, etc.
2. Sewers and drainages should be cleaned and declogged before the rainy seasons to prevent floods.
3. The people should build fences by their houses by the river to prevent falls and also to serve as firewalls.
4. Residents should be taught how to segregate their trash and recycle so that garbage won’t be disposed on improper places.
5. The men of the community should voluntarily patrol the area at night and rid the streets of garbage to not further congest the road.
6. Water-pumps should be installed with the cooperation of the people.7. The barangay should designate police patrols in the area to minimize crime
occurrences.
8. There should be a school for those adults who want to continue their studies in their community.
Family Name: Address:
Family Data:Length of residency: Family Size:
Religion:Husband: Wife:
Place of Origin:Husband: Wife:
Type of Family Structure:
General Family Relationship/Dynamic:
Criteria Yes No
1. Observable conflicts between Family Members
a. Wife Husband Beating
b. Frequent quarreling
c. Child abuse
2. Characteristics of Communication
a. Open communication among family members
b. Swearing or use of insults when talking to each other
Name Age SexCivil Status Position
Educational Attainment Occupation
III. Socioeconomic and Cultural factors
Monthly Family Income Source
Husband: Wife: Others:
Total:
Felt Family Needs:1.
2.3.
IV. Home and Environmental Factors
House:
Type of Housing Material:
What appliances are owned by the family?
Type of Garbage Disposal:
Type of Toilet Facility:
Type of drainage system:
Source of Water Supply:
Source of Drinking Water:
Food Storage:
Is there presence of breeding sites for Pests?
What Common household pest is present in the household?
Where does the family keep their pets? Household
Are there accident hazards present?
Kind of Neighborhood
Social and Healthy Facilities Available
Facilities
V. Health Assessment
Family Dietary Habits
Your Diet usually composes of?
Breakfast: Lunch: Supper:
Family Health History
Name of Family Member Health History
Health and Health Practices
Common Illness encountered for the last six months and treatment renderedIllness Treatment
Who do you consult for health related problems? For problems other than health who do you consult?
Immunization Status of the FamilyFamily Member Type of Immunization
Do your family members have enough?1. Rest and Sleep?
