COMMUNITY HEALTH

Mohamed M. B. Alnoor

Community Health

Program I

CHP

200

The Rise of Public Health

“Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of

Great Britain”The Public Health Act of 1848 A General Board of Health was created

Sanitary Reform:1 -Edwin Chadwick (1842)

Legislation of acts to :• Control housing conditions• Establish sewerage systems• Proper water supplies• Provide for medical officers of

health

The Rise of Public HealthSanitary Reform:

2 -Waves of cholera 1831/32 - 48/49 - 53/54- John Snow 1849 “ The mode of

communication of cholera “Snow stated : “ Diseases that are communicated from person to person are caused by some material which passes from the sick to the healthy, and which has the property of increasing and multiplying in the system of the person it attacks”

- 1854 : Put theory to test : “Broad street Pump”

3 -William Budd: - same conclusion on typhoid fever ( 1839 – 1856) - Published a paper entitled “ On

Intestinal fever ; its Mode of Propagation” - He blamed the excreta of the sick

contaminating drinking water and the tainted hands of attendants of the

sick.

The Rise of Public HealthSanitary Reform:

The Rise of Public Health

4 -State Boards of Health ( 1855 – 1873 )

5 -The American Public Health Association was launched in 1872.

6 -National Board of Health 1879 : Yellow

fever in the southern states.

7 -Bacteriology: - Robert Koch ( 1843 – 1910 )

- Louis Pasteur ( 1822 – 1895 )

The Rise of Public Health

“Public Health then

was nothing but sanitation and

control of communicable disease ”

- By 1910 :• Control of typhoid, cholera and

diphtheria was progressing successfully.

The leading cause of death was. . . . . . . . . . .

• New phase of Public Health : . Education in personal hygiene . Public health nurse : teaching “ good health practices ”

- 1911 : Need for local health departments : to bring good health knowledge to the

people

The Rise of Public Health

- 1912 : Need for trained personnel• MIT• Harvard ( Milton J. Rosenou )

- 1913 : Rockefeller Foundation “ School of Public Health “USA & abroad

- 1919 : John Hopkins university “ School of Public Health and Research ”

- 1923 : Reorganized Harvard School of Public Health.

The Rise of Public Health

life expectancy

infant mortality

maternal mortality

burden of communicable diseases

As Public Health gained maturity

The Rise of Public Health

Governments increased concern

at all levels for the health of the people.

The Rise of Public Health

Disciplines that contribute to human health and disease are classified into:

- Basic sciences

- Clinical sciences

- Population medicine

POPULATION MEDICINE

in different settings and different times

is referred to as: -hygiene -public health

-preventive medicine -social medicine

-community health -community medicine

POPULATION MEDICINE

public health and preventive medicine preventive medicine social and

Hygiene

The science of health الصحة علم

Includes all factors which contribute to healthful living “determinants of health”

POPULATION MEDICINE

Public Health العامة الصحة

“Public Health Act “ of 1848 aims to:

- protect

people’s health - promote

- restore

POPULATION MEDICINE

Public Health“The art and science of preventing

disease, prolonging life and promoting health through environmental

sanitation, control of communicable diseases, health education, early

diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease and organization of medical services to ensure every individual a

standard of living adequate for maintenance of health and to enable

every citizen to realize his birth rights of health and longevity”

POPULATION MEDICINE

Preventive Medicineالوقائى الطب

Developed as a branch of medicine, distinct from public health. It is applied to healthy people. Now it is similar to public health.

POPULATION MEDICINE

Social Medicineاالجتماعى الطب

First introduced at the same time as public health. This is to stress social factors as :determinants of health and disease

- economic factors - education

- occupation / employment - consanguinity

- politics / administrative setup etc..

POPULATION MEDICINE

Community Healthالمجتمع صحة

This term has replaced public health, preventive medicine and social medicine.

Community Medicineالمجتمع طب

This is a new comer. It is the successor of public health, preventive medicine, social medicine and community health.

POPULATION MEDICINE

is the art and science of studying and

assessment of community health needs,

organization and provision of

comprehensive health services and

evaluation and development of health care

programs with the objectives of promotion

of health and prevention of disease.

Community MedicinePOPULATION MEDICINE

Health EducationMCHEnvironmental healthSchool healthOccupational healthControl of communicable diseaseControl of noncommunicable disease

POPULATION MEDICINECommunity Medicine

Branches, Divisions, Components

Health service administration: - Planning

- Implementation - Evaluation

DemographyCommunity nutritionBiostatistics

Epidemiology

POPULATION MEDICINECommunity Medicine

Branches, Divisions, Components

is the art and science of

studying and assessment

of community health

needs, organization and

provision of comprehensive

health services and

evaluation and

development of health care

programs with the

objectives of promotion of

health and prevention of

disease.

“The art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and

promoting health through environmental sanitation, control of communicable

diseases, health education, early diagnosis and

preventive treatment of disease and organization of medical services to ensure

every individual a standard of living adequate for

maintenance of health and to enable every citizen to realize his birth rights of

health and longevity”

Community Medicine Public Health

THANK YOU