Community health Nursing

Community with Disaster)Crisis)

Dr. Naiema Gaber

Intended learning outcomes

Define disaster

Enumerate the types of crisis

Discuss the effect of disasters on people, families and communities

Explain disaster management

Identify how Can Families, and communities work together to prepare for or recover from disasters

What is a disaster?

It is any human made or natural event that cause destruction and devastation which can not be relieved without assistance.

The event need not cause injury or death to be considered.

Types of disasters

1- Natural as earthquakes, volcanoes, fload

2- Man made as terrorism and war

Disaster can affect one family at a time as in house fire or they can kill thousands.

What are the effects of disasters

Each year:High cost (billions )Loss of life, high mortality rate Injuries diseases homelessness

Disaster Mitigation

Disaster mitigation: Actions that can prevent the occurrence of

disasters or reduce the severity of its effects as:

*Awareness and educations

*Disaster prevention as building a retaining

wall to divert flood

*Advocacy as supporting actions and efforts

for effective building code and land use

Stages of disaster involvement

PreparednessResponseRecovery

I-preparedness

It is disaster preparation

The plan must be kept realistic and simple

It should include personal, professional and community preparation.

Personal preparedness

It is nurses with client responsibilities Personal and family preparation can help Nursing lists emergency supplies should

be prepared and stored in easy to carry container

Important documents should be kept in a waterproof container

Professional preparedness

Disaster in work is not high tech. Fieldwork, include management, requires that the

nurses be creative and willing to improve in delivering care

All workers should be certified in first aid and CPR

workers can get the red Crecent program of disaster training of health professionals to enable them to provide assistance within their own communities

Communities preparedness

Having a written disaster plan Working together cooperatively and with clear

role definition before disaster

Participating in a yearly disaster drills

Having office of emergency management (OFM) for developing and coordinating emergency response plans within their defined area

Preparation for safety in a disaster

1- find out what could happen (type of disaster) 2- create a disaster plan 3- write a complete checklist 4- participate and maintain the plan

Role of the nurse in disaster preparedness cont.

facilitate preparation within the community Know the role in citywide disaster plans for community Can participate in update the disaster plan Provide education to the publics Provide an update record of vulnerable populations

within the community

Role of the nurse in disaster preparedness

Knows the institutions and be familiar with the individuals who work there

Keep a safe environment Report environmental health hazard as unsafe

equipment, faulty structure Understand the available community

resources Know how the community will work together

II-Response The disaster response depend on

*disaster type (transportation accidents)

*the level of disaster (level I,II,III,IV) according to

the cost

*the scope (single family, local disaster, state

disaster, major disaster) Disaster response by any agency can be by:

1- Red Cross and crescent

2- voluntary organization

3-business &labor organization

4- local government

How disasters affect communities?

It can be physical and emotional depending on type, cause and location of the disaster.

Common reaction to disaster can be Extreme sense of angry Panic and fear Difficulty in making decision Anger, blame and guilt

What is Crisis Intervention?

The goals of crisis intervention are rapid resolution of the crisis to prevent further deteriorationachieve at least a pre-crisis level of functioningpromote growth and effective problem solvingrecognize danger signs to prevent negative

outcomes

(RNAO, 2006; Hoff, 1995)

Roles & Goals of Crisis Workers

Support individuals and families in crisis

Mental Health Assessment Liaise with ER physician Liaise with Community Support Referral-community, hospital, etc. Liaise with psychiatrist

The role of the nurse in disaster response

Triage: separating casualties and allocating treatment

Assess, treat and give feedback for rapid rescue and recovery

keep ongoing assessments and survival reports Find resolution of the immediate problem through

the use of personal, social and environmental resources

III-Recovery

The third stage of crisis

All involved agencies pull together to restore the economic and civic life of the community

Community cleanup effects for physical and psychological problems

Public Health Considerations

The primary public health measures include:

Maintaining proper hygiene – wearing protective gloves

Maintaining proper sanitation Purifying water if necessary

Nursing role in recovery stage of disaster

Teaching proper hygiene Up date the Immunization records Continue the referral of mental health persona to

the professionals Be alert to the environmental health hazards

during recovery phase Assess the danger of live or dead animals and

rodents that harmful to person’s health Conduct follow up visit.

Review questions

1-Action that can prevent the occurrence of disasters or reduce the severity of its effects is called

a-crisis

b- Preparedness

c- Response

d- Disaster mitigation (d)

2- disaster preparation is which stage?

a-preparedness

b-Response

c-Recovery

d-Evaluation (a )

Complete:

1- Stages of disaster involvement a- b- c-a- Preparedness

b- Response

c- Recovery

2- The role of the nurse in disaster preparedness includes

a- b- c- facilitate preparation within the community Know the role in citywide disaster plans for community Can participate in update the disaster plan Provide education to the publics Provide an update record of vulnerable populations within the community