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Understanding How Community Concerns Impact The Work You Do With Children and Families
D-WCCMHA VCE Children’s Mental Health Grand Rounds (CMHGR) Training Series
September 15, 2011
Data prepared by:
Presented by:
Kirsten Mack, LMSW
Avery Eenigenburg, BA
Made possible through the generous support of
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Learning objectives
1. Participants will be able to identify how community stability has worsened since 2000 and what that means for children and families.
2. Participants will be able to identify the obstacles to success that many Wayne County families face.
3. Participants will be able to identify changes needed to service delivery in order to sustain efforts toward reducing barriers faced by low income families.
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Introduction
Starfish Family Services received funding from The Kresge Foundation for an early childhood planning study and community needs assessment
Needs assessment conducted in 2010 by Data Driven Detroit, an independent, regional data collection and analysis firm (Kurt Metzger)
Demographic profiles of 14 communities in Western Wayne County
Assessment of the most pressing needs of young children and families in the 14 communities
Identify geographical areas of greatest need and resources available
Specify gaps between need and resources
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Why is the data important to the work we do?
Correlation between family environments/parental well-being as a predictor of multiple problems for children
Use data to guide the development/implementation of effective mental health interventions and programs
Use data to advocate for changes in public policy
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Learning Objective 1
Participants will be able to identify how community stability has worsened since 2000 and what that means for children and families.
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Increasing Instability
Median household income fell 27%
Unemployment rate rose to 16%
Poverty rates increased from 16% to 24% for all persons and from 23% to 35% for children
Wayne County has had the largest population loss in the nation
Population of children ages zero to four decreased 16%
From 2000-2010, residents receiving food stamps increased 133% - nearly 2 in 5 residents
From 2000 – 2009:
Wayne County Trends
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Most Communities Lost Population 2000 – 2010 Dearborn and Far Western Wayne Communities Gained
98,752 100,886
89,727
63,936
27,976 29,247 28,336
17,64011,341
3,500
83,446
55,351
47,846
26,636
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Livonia
city
Dearborn
cityWes
tland city
Canton townsh
ipTay
lor city
Dearborn
Heig
hts cit
y
Redford to
wnship
Inkster
city
Garden
City
city
Plymouth to
wnship
Northvil
le township
Wayne c
ityPlym
outh city
Northvil
le cit
y
Source: Census
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Cherry Hill Rd.M
iddlebeltMichigan Ave.
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The Population of 0-4 Year Olds Decreased From 2000 to 2009 In All Communities Except Canton and Northville Townships
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The Unemployment Rate for Detroit Runs About Three Times That of Out-Wayne County
Source: MI Labor Market Information
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Median Household Income2000 2009 Change
City of Detroit
$38,089 $26,098 -31.3%
Macomb County
$67,070 $50,553 -24.6%
Oakland County
$79,692 $62,308 -21.8%
Wayne County
$52,491 $38,192 -27.2%
Michigan $57,499 $45,255 -21.3%
United States $54,058 $50,221 -7.1%
Source: U.S. Department of Labor
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The Number of Wayne County Residents Receiving Food Stamps Increased by 133% Over the Decade
By September 2010: 2 out of every 5 Households (39%)
225,842
258,478274,703
301,358
338,030
361,145369,737
378,457
412,778
494,266
525,600
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Sep-10
Source: Michigan Dept. of Human Services
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Nearly Half of All Wayne County Children, 5 Years and Under, Were in Food Stamp Households in June 2010
Source: MI Department of Human Services
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Implications for Service Delivery
There is an “association between food insecurity and poor health, poor academic performance and poor psychosocial functioning. (Lombe 2009)
“Food insecurity and hunger, among children, persist despite efforts of both formal and informal assistance programs.” (Lombe 2009)
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Learning Objective 2
Participants can identify the obstacles to success that many Wayne County families face.
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Obstacles to Success
Obstacle 1: Lack of Financial Resources
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School District % EligibleInkster 77%Westwood 72%Taylor 66%Dearborn 62%Dearborn Heights #7 60%Wayne-Westland 58%Redford Union 58%Crestwood 56%South Redford 50%Garden City 43%Livonia 22%Plymouth-Canton 15%Northville Public Schools 5%
Detroit 79.1%
Free and Reduced Lunch Program 9 of 13 (70%) School Districts Serving Western Wayne County had eligibility levels of 50% or more in 2009-2010 School Year
Source: Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI)
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Implications for Service Delivery
Ecological systems theory – “since poverty is associated with a multitude of risks (environmental, biological, psychosocial) it is one of the major environmental factors associated with developmental outcomes in young children.” (Rafferty 2010)
Economic stress model – “economic factors within the family (lower income, inadequate family resources) influence child development through their impact on parental mental health and parenting practices.” (Rafferty 2010)
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Obstacle 2: Lack of Parental Resources to
Cope with Stress
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Teen & Single Parents
Teen parents – In 2006-08, teen mothers accounted for more than 1 in 10 births in Taylor, Wayne, and Inkster
Single mothers – Over half of all births in these communities were to unmarried mothers, and 40% to 59% of all households are headed by single parents
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Obstacle 3:Instability of Housing &
Neighborhoods
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Implications for Service Delivery
“living in a poor, dangerous neighborhood virtually guarantees exposure to risk factors outside the home that affect child development.” (Shaw 2008)
Research findings emphasize the importance of child IQ and the family environment in promoting children’s positive social adjustment.“ (Shaw 2008)
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Obstacle 4: Community Policies, Institutions,
and Programs
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School Performance Varies Widely
High School Graduation rates and MEAP scores reflect challenge of fragmented school systems
Both Inkster and Westwood schools report graduation rates of only 53%
Garden City and Redford have graduation rates below 70%
Plymouth-Canton has an 88% graduation rate
Northville has a 95% graduation rate
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Implications for Service Delivery
School district boundaries do not follow community boundaries
Most communities have more than one school district serving their students
The City of Inkster has 4 school districts; Dearborn Heights has 5 school districts
Combination of multiple districts and open enrollment policies has destabilizing effect on community, families, and children
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Implications for Service Delivery
Community Focus Group:
“We have to pay attention to school. They’re not getting the benefit of the education they have been offered. Young people are distracted by the crises in their lives, the lives of their family members, distracted by their own mental health needs.”
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Obstacle 5: Access to Transportation,
Services & Information
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Grocery Store Availability in Inkster
Cherry Belt Party Store Convenience & Party StoreDaly Stop Convenience & Party StoreE&K Party Market Convenience & Party StoreFairway Foods Convenience & Party StoreFast Frank's Party Shoppe Convenience & Party StoreHarrison Liquor Store Convenience & Party StoreInkster Supermarket Convenience & Party StoreJ & B Party Store Convenience & Party StoreLeon's Party Store Convenience & Party StoreMaraton (Inkster Consumer Ctr.) Convenience & Party StoreMarket Food, Inc. Convenience & Party StoreMetro Liquor Plaza Convenience & Party StorePenn Food Market Convenience & Party StoreTwenty-Five Hour Party Store Convenience & Party StoreSave-A-Lot GroceriesSuper Max Groceries
Food Stores in Inkster
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Learning Objective 3
1. Participants will be able to identify changes needed to service delivery in order to sustain efforts toward reducing barriers faced by low income families.
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The Stress Index
A single measure summarizing the degree of stress on a community.
The index incorporates scores on six indicators:
Household income less than $20,000
Single-parent households
Adult educational attainment
Housing and residential stability
Availability of a vehicle
Residential vacancy
The maximum stress index score is 66.
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The Result of Stress on Families & Children
“The greater number of stressors in the lives of impoverished families tends to deplete crucial emotional resources, weakening their capacity to cope with problems and difficulties.” (Rafferty 2010)
Multiple sources of stress can result in feelings of
Lack of control
Instability
Lack of structure
Inability to make plans
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Parent Comments
“I don’t even know if I’m going to eat next week; how can I tell you if I am going to go to your
program?”
“If you are living [from] crisis to crisis, you aren’t going to commit to a program.”
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Availability of Resources
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Population per Pediatrician and OBGYN
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Survey of professionals…
A survey of child protection and mental health professionals conducted in 2002 found that professionals often believe that parents with mental health issues can be adequate parents if they receive ongoing support and services.
In addition, they felt that a parent’s stress was often exacerbated by a lack of appropriate services.
(Darlington & Feeney, 2009)
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Municipality Total Number of Calls to 2-1- 1, 2009
Total Calls as Percentage of Population
Inkster 1,987 6.9%Taylor 2,737 4.1%
Wayne 693 3.6%
Redford 1,827 3.5%
Westland 2,631 3.0%
Dearborn Heights 1,238 2.1%
Garden City 523 1.7%
Dearborn 1,547 1.6%
Canton 1,055 1.1%
Livonia 991 1.0%
Plymouth 370 1.0%
Northville 275 0.9%
Another indicator of stress on a community is the number of calls to United Way’s 2-1-1 telephone referral service.
Source: United Way for Southeastern Michigan
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Parent comment:
“People don’t know where to find resources.”“You have to ask for it [the specific service].”
Implications for Service Delivery
Parents need advocacy when seeking resources, especially when they don’t know exactly what they need.
Families often lack reliable transportation and public bus routes
Community member comment:“Parents themselves are unsure where to go, what to do, they don’t know where to go for help, they need
information about where to go.”
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Survey of Professionals…
There needs to be appropriate management of the parents’ needs and family support needs.
This includes a flexible approach to the provision of care and support for children.
(Darlington and Feeney, 2009)
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Macro-level implications
There is considerable regional and national attention on the challenges facing the City of Detroit. However, this study points to significant challenges likewise facing families in the surrounding communities.
If left unaddressed, these may impede the economic development, growth and long-term vitality of the region and state.
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Macro-level implications
Complexity of issues facing families requires cross systems collaboration and systems level change to positively impact the communities and families.
Advocacy and public policy will be necessary to achieve any high impact and sustained outcome to reduce or eliminate obstacles.
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More Information
www.starfishonline.org
www.datadrivendetroit.org
www.kidscount.org
