of 37
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
1/37
Free Powerpoint Templates
Page 1Free Powerpoint Templates
COMPUTERS
by Rozaldy A. Gutierrez
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
2/37
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
3/37
Free Powerpoint Templates
Page 3
What you will learn
Overview Elements Hardware Components Software Data and Information Booting Peopleware
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
4/37
Free Powerpoint Templates
Page 4
Overview
What is a computer?
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
5/37
Free Powerpoint Templates
Page 5
Overview
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operatingunder the control of instructions (software) storedin its own memory unit, that can accept data(input), manipulate data (process), and produceinformation (output) from the processing.Generally, the term is used to describe a collection
of devices that function together as a system.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
6/37
Free Powerpoint Templates
Page 6
Overview
Devices that comprise a computer system.
Printer
(output)
Monitor
(output)Speaker
(output)
Scanner
(input)
Mouse
(input)Keyboard
(input)
System unit
(processor, memory)
Storage devices
(CD-RW, Floppy,
Hard disk, zip,
)
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
7/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 7
Overview
What does a computer do?
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
8/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 8
Overview
What does a computer do?
Computers can perform four general operations,which comprise the information processing cycle.
Input Process Output
Memory
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
9/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 9
Overview
Why is a computer so powerful?
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
10/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 10
Overview
Why is a computer so powerful?
The ability to perform the information processingcycle with amazing speed. Reliability (low failure rate). Accuracy. Ability to store huge amounts of data andinformation.
Ability to communicate with other computers.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
11/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 11
Overview
How does a computer know what to do?
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
12/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 12
Overview
How does a computer know what to do?
It must be given a detailed list of instructions,called a computer program or software, that tellsit exactly what to do. Before processing a specific job, the computerprogram corresponding to that job must be storedin memory.
Once the program is stored in memory thecompute can start the operation by executing theprogram instructions one after the other.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
13/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 13
Elements
What are the elements of a computer system?
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
14/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 14
Elements
What are the elements of a computer system?
Hardware Software Peopleware
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
15/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 15
Hardware
The physical element of the computer system.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
16/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 16
Components
What are the Primary Components of a computer?
Input devices. Central Processing Unit (containing the controlunit and the arithmetic/logic unit). Memory. Output devices. Storage devices.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
17/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 17
Components
Input Devices Keyboard Mouse
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
18/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 18
Components
The KeyboardThe most commonly used input device is thekeyboard on which data is entered by manuallykeying in or typing certain keys. A keyboardtypically has 101 or 105 keys.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
19/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 19
Components
The MouseIs a pointing device which is used to control themovement of a mouse pointer on the screen tomake selections from the screen. A mouse has oneto five buttons. The bottom of the mouse is flatand contains a mechanism that detects movementof the mouse.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
20/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 20
Components
The Central Processing UnitThe central processing unit (CPU) containselectronic circuits that cause processing to occur.The CPU interprets instructions to the computer,performs the logical and arithmetic processingoperations, and causes the input and outputoperations to occur. It is considered the brain ofthe computer.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
21/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 21
Components
MemoryMemory also called Random Access Memory orRAM (temporary memory) is the main memory ofthe computer. It consists of electroniccomponents that store data including numbers,letters of the alphabet, graphics and sound. Anyinformation stored in RAM is lost when thecomputer is turned off.
Read Only Memory or ROM is memory that isetched on a chip that has start-up directions foryour computer. It is permanent memory.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
22/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 22
Components
Amount of RAM in computersThe amount of memory in computers is typicallymeasured in kilobytes or megabytes. One kilobyte(K or KB) equals approximately 1,000 memorylocations and one megabyte (M or MB) equalsapproximately one million locations A memorylocation, or byte, usually stores one character.Therefore, a computer with 8 MB of memory can
store approximately 8 million characters. Onemegabyte can hold approximately 500 pages oftext information.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
23/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 23
Components
Output DevicesOutput devices make the information resultingfrom the processing available for use. The twooutput devices more commonly used are theprinter and the computer screen.
The printer produces a hard copy of your output,and the computer screen produces a soft copy of
your output.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
24/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 24
Components
Storage DevicesAuxiliary storage devices are used to store datawhen they are not being used in memory. Themost common types of auxiliary storage used onpersonal computers are floppy disks, hard disksand CD-ROM drives.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
25/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 25
Components
Floppy DisksA floppy disk is a portable, inexpensive storagemedium that consists of a thin, circular, flexibleplastic disk with a magnetic coating enclosed in asquare-shaped plastic shell.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
26/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 26
Components
Structure of Floppy Disks Initially Floppy disks were 8-inches wide, they thenshrank to 5.25 inches, and today the most widely used
folly disks are 3.5 inches wide and can typically store1.44 megabytes of data. A folly disk is a magnetic disk, which means that itused magnetic patterns to store data. Data in floppy disks can be read from and written to. Formatting is the process of preparing a disk for
reading and writing. A track is a narrow recording band that forms a fullcircle on the surface of the disk.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
27/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 27
Components
Structure of Floppy Disks The disks storage locations are divided into pie-shaped sections called sectors. A sectors is capable of holding 512 bytes of data. A typical floppy stores data on both sides and has 80tracks on each side with 18 sectors per track.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
28/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 28
Components
Hard Disks Another form of auxiliary storage is a hard disk.A hard disk consists of one or more rigid metalplates coated with a metal oxide material thatallows data to be magnetically recorded on thesurface of the platters. The hard disk platters spin at a high rate ofspeed, typically 5400 to 7200 revolutions per
minute (RPM). Storage capacites of hard disks for personalcomputers range from 10 GB to 120 GB (onebillion bytes are called a gigabyte).
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
29/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 29
Components
Compact Disks A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc,is a flat round, portable storage medium that is
usually 4.75 inch in diameter. A CD-ROM (read only memory), is a compact discthat used the same laser technology as audio CDsfor recording music. In addition it can containother types of data such as text, graphics, and
video. The capacity of a CD-ROM is 650 MB of data.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
30/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 30
Software
The logical element of the computer system. It isalso known as program.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
31/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 31
Software
Kinds of Software
System Software Application Software
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
32/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 32
Kinds of Software
System Software
Operating System Programming Tools and IDE Loaders, Compilers, Assemblers and Linkers Device Drivers Utilities
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
33/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 33
Kinds of Software
Application Software
Word Processors Electronic Spreadsheet Presentation Media Development Database
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
34/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 34
Software
Types of Software
Retail OEM Shareware Freeware Adware Crippleware
Demo Spyware Public Domain FOSS
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
35/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 35
Data and Information
All computer processing requires data, which is acollection of raw facts, figures and symbols, suchas numbers, words, images, video and sound,
given to the computer during the input phase. Computers manipulate data to createinformation. Information is data that is organized,meaningful, and useful. During the output Phase, the information that
has been created is put into some form, such as aprinted report. The information can also be put in computerstorage for future use.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
36/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 36
Booting
The process of initiating action to prepare thecomputer the computer for actual and direct use.
Cool Boot- booting when the computer is initially
powered off.
Warm Boot
- booting while the computer is alreadypowered on.
8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers
37/37
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 37
Booting
Typical Boot Sequence
Hardware Check
OS Loading
Login Screen
Power
OnReset /
Restart