Comp2 Unit2b Lecture Slides

The Culture of Healthcare

Health Professionals – The People in HealthcareLecture b

This material (Comp2_Unit2b) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information

Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.

Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare

Learning Objectives

• Define terms used in healthcare including clinician, patient, disease, and syndrome and in health professionals’ education and training. (Lecture a)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of physicians including those in primary care and other specialties. (Lecture a)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of nurses, advanced practice nurses, LPNs, MA’s and Medication Aids. (Lecture b)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, allied health professionals. (Lecture c)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of paramedics, EMTs, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and social workers. (Lecture c)

2Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

The Culture of Healthcare Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare

Lecture b

Nurses• Education

– Diploma– Associate Degree– Bachelors of Science– Bridge Programs RN to BSN

• Clinical Training– Part of the education process– Many hospitals have additional training

programs at entry level



Lecture b

Nurses• Certification

– No required certification– Growing number of specialty certification

programs• Licensure

– Requires successful completion of a accredited nursing school program

– NCLEX-RN



Lecture b

Nursing Roles• Direct patient care• Continuous observation and monitoring • Diagnostic test• Administer Medication• Patient Education• Emotional Support



Lecture b

Specific Nursing Roles• Hospital Medical-Surgical Nurse

– Can obtain certification– Care for patients with medical and surgical

problems• Specialized Nursing Roles

– Specific Disease or Specialty• Diabetic Nursing• Rehabilitation Unit• Neurosurgery Unit



Lecture b

Advance Practice Nursing• Nurse Practitioner

– Education: Usually requires a Master’s in Nursing with specific clinical and diagnostic training

– Training: Programs include training in clinical setting physical diagnosis, managing acute and chronic disease, well care, prescribing medication



Lecture b

Advance Practice Nursing• Nurse Practitioner

– Certification: Most states require certification in their area of specialty

• Examples include Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP), Geriatric Nurse Practitioner (GNP)

– Licensure• States vary on the roles allowed to Nurse Practitioners

including prescription privileges and ability to have independent practices

– Roles• Nurse Practitioners function most often as primary care

providers including preventive, acute and chronic care.



Lecture b

Nurse Midwives• Education

– Post graduate or graduate program– Must have a BSN to become a certified nurse

midwife.• Training

– Most include courses in advance practice nursing (physical diagnosis, pharmacology, pathophysiology

– Clinical course and pratica in ante-, intra- and postpartum care and care of the newborn



Lecture b

Nurse Midwives• Certification

– Only a few of the Nurse Midwives programs are post-baccalaureate programs

• Licensure– Licensed in all 50 states and the District of

Columbia• Role

– Provide routine gynecology services, prenatal, delivery and postnatal care



Lecture b

Nurse Anesthetist• Education

– Must have a BSN– Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist

(CRNA) programs are Master’s degree• Training

– Most include courses in advance practice nursing (physical diagnosis, pharmacology, pathophysiology)

– Clinical course in anesthesia simulation labs and practicums in clinical anesthesia



Lecture b

Nurse Anesthetist• Certification

– National certification exam– Must have 40 hours of continuing education every two

years to renew• Licensure

– Most are licensed by the state board of nursing• Roles

– Provide a significant amount of anesthesia care in the U.S.A. and usually practice with physicians but are relatively autonomous



Lecture b

Other Nursing Roles• Long term care

– Similar to general nursing roles but focus on patients that require constant care and assistance with activities of daily living

• Home healthcare– A significant improvement that provides infusion

therapy, would management and other care in the home

• Community Health Nursing– Focus more on population health– More of role in health promotion/disease prevention



Lecture b

Non Clinical Roles of Nursing• Administration• Research• Education

– Nursing School– Continuing Nursing Education

• Case Management



Lecture b

Licensed Practical Nurses• Education

– 12-18 months of training post high school• Training

– Includes training in Medical Terminology, Introduction to anatomy/physiology, Introduction to Pharmacology, and Practical Nursing Clinical Course

• Certification– Usually results in a certificate of attendance



Lecture b

Licensed Practical Nurse• Licensing

– All states and the District of Columbia require a licensing exam

– Licensed by the state board of nursing• Role

– Provide more direct care– Under the supervision of Registered Nurse or

Physician– State laws vary but most allow LPNs to start and

administer IV therapy, many allow LPN’s to administer IV medications except IV push



Lecture b

Medical Assistants• Medical Assistant

– Variable education: one year (Certificate) to two years (Associate Degree)

– Most receive training in Medical Terminology, Office Administration, Coding and Reimbursement, Lab Procedures, Office Patient Care, Medications,

– Not Licensed– Role includes routine administrative and

clinical duties usually in an ambulatory setting17

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012


Lecture b

Medication Assistants• Extremely variable education/training ranging from 15 to

70 contact hours• Most states require an exam and supervised

administration for some period of time• Some states require training as a Certified Nursing

Assistant as a prerequisite• Most states license Medication Assistants• Roles are variable, but usually include the administration

oral, topical, nebulized or metered inhaled medication. Many states restrict medication assistants to Long Term Care or Assisted Living Facilities



Lecture b


Summary – Lecture b• Describe education, training, certification, licensure, and

roles of: – Nurses– Advance practice nurse– Licensed Practical Nurse– Medical Assistants– Medication Assistants

• Discussed some specific type of nurses and nursing setting

• Described non-clinical roles of nurses



Lecture b


References – Lecture bReferences American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions. Retrieved from

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtmlAmerican Medical Association. (2010).Careers in healthcare Retrieved from

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtmlAmerican Medical Association. (2010). Health professions associations. Retrieved from

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions education accrediting agencies. Retrieved from

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-education.shtmlAmerican Medical Association. (2010). Health care income ranges. Retrieved from

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtmlExplore Healthcareers. (2010). Career explorer. Retrieved from http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspxHealthcareers in Michgan. (2010). Health careers videos. Retrieved from

http://www.michigan.gov/healthcareers/0,1607,7-221-39742_39457---,00.htmlHRSA: Bureau of Health Professions. (2010). National center for health workforce analysis: health workforce personnel

factbook. Retrieved from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/factbook.htmMedline Plus. (2010). Health occupations. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthoccupations.htmlNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science

careers. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/feature/index.htmNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science

careers.. Alphabetical list. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/alpha.htm



Lecture b

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-education.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtml

http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspx


References – Lecture b

References (continued)National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science

careers. Education requirements. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/education.htmNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science

careers. Interest area. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/interestarea.htmNational Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science

careers. Median salary. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/salary.htm



Lecture b

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Comp2 Unit2b Lecture Slides

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